A Manual of Logic, Volumen2W. B. Clive, 1896 |
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Términos y frases comunes
66 BOOK A. H. ALLCROFT Aeneid analogy analysis antecedent argon argument Aristotle arithmetical mean assume axioms BOOK VII Camb causation cause character conception conclusion connexion consequent deductive deductive reasoning definite determined disjunctive disjunctive proposition doctrine effect elements enquiry enumerative enumerative induction error essential established event evidence examination example existence experience explanation expressed facts fallacy false Gallic War ground hypo hypothesis ibid idea identity ignoratio elenchi induction inference involves Jevons judgment knowledge known Logic M.A. Lond M.A. Oxon matter means ment Method of Agreement Method of Difference Mill Mill's nature nitrogen object observation occur particular pheno phenomena phenomenon possible premise principle probability proof proposition proved reality relation resemblance result rules says sense sequence simple sophism syllogism syllogistic fallacy TEST PAPERS theory thought tion tive true truth uniformity universal universal proposition VOCABULARY and TEST Whewell whilst words
Pasajes populares
Página 39 - As in mathematics, so in natural philosophy, the investigation of difficult things by the method of analysis, ought ever to precede the method of composition. This analysis consists in making experiments and observations, and in drawing general conclusions from them by induction, and admitting of no objections against the conclusions, but such as are taken from experiments, or other certain truths. For hypotheses are not to be regarded in experimental philosophy.
Página 240 - The only proof capable of being given that an object is visible, is that people actually see it. The only proof that a sound is audible, is that people hear it: and so of the other sources of our experience. In like manner, I apprehend, the sole evidence it is possible to produce that anything is desirable, is that people do actually desire it.
Página 142 - If two or more instances of the phenomenon under investigation have only one circumstance in common, the circumstance in which alone all the instances agree is the cause (or effect) of the given phenomenon.
Página 143 - If two or more instances in which the phenomenon occurs have only one circumstance in common, while two or more instances in which it does not occur have nothing in common save the absence of that circumstance; the circumstance in which alone the two sets of instances...
Página 84 - The process of tracing regularity in any complicated, and at first sight confused set of appearances, is necessarily tentative : we begin by making any supposition, even a false one, to see what consequences will follow from it ; and by observing how these differ from the real phenomena, we learn what corrections to make in our assumption.
Página 13 - When any natural object or event is presented, it is impossible for us, by any sagacity or penetration, to discover, or even conjecture, without experience, what event will result from it or to carry our foresight beyond that object which is immediately present to the memory and senses. Even after one instance or experiment where we have observed a particular event to follow upon another, we are not entitled to form a general rule or foretell what will happen in like cases, it being justly esteemed...
Página 123 - I have come to this conclusion from finding it an invariable rule that when a flower is fertilized by the wind it never has a gaily coloured corolla.
Página 13 - But when one particular species of event has always, in all instances, been conjoined with another, we make no longer any scruple of foretelling one upon the appearance of the other, and of employing that reasoning which can alone assure us of any matter of fact or existence. We then call the one object, Cause ; the other, Effect.
Página 267 - The absurdity will appear in its full force, when we consider, that one sixth part of the natives of this whole extensive kingdom, is crowded within the bills of mortality. What wonder that our villages are depopulated, and our farms in want of day-labourers?
Página 199 - In a given state of society, a certain number of persons must put an end to their own life. This is the general law; and the special question as to who shall commit the crime depends, of course, upon special laws; which, however, in their total action, must obey the large social law to which they are all subordinate. And the power of the larger law is so irresistible, that neither the love of life nor the fear of another world can avail anything towards even checking its operation.