Spanish explorers, 143, 144; in-
consistencies, 145-150.
Moriscoes, converted Moors in Spain,
condition, 3. 391; rebellion, 396;
expulsion, 397.

Morison, Francis, royal commission-
er, 5. 107.

Morris, Gouverneur, ancestry, 8.
234; member of the Federal Gon-
vention, 12. 270.
Morris, Robert, financial services to
the nation, 10. 286, 12. 198;
on securing a revenue for Con-
gress, 128; member of the Fed-
eral Convention, 270.
Morton, Joseph, governor of Caro-

lina, and the pirates, 5. 423.
Morton, Thomas, New English
Canaan, 6. 110; character, 110,
III; settles Merrymount, 111;
sent back to England, 111, 126.
Moscoso, Luis de, Soto's lieutanant,
3. 340.

Moultrie, William, repulses British at-
tack on Charleston, 10. 233;
defeats British at Port Royal, II.
204; on South Carolina's neutral-
ity, 209.
Mound-Builders, vague speculations,
1. 161-163; antiquity of mounds,
163; compared with Mexicans
and Zuñis, 164; culture status,
165; mounds by different tribes,
166-168; and Indians, 168.
Mount Desert Island, La Saussaye
and Argall at, 4. 201, 9. 76-78;
discovered, 52.

Mount Vernon, life at, 5. 273.
Mowatt, Henry, British naval offi-

cer, burns Portland, 10. 192.
Mugwump, origin and use of term,
6. 258.

Mundus Novus, Vespucius's letter
published under title of, 2. 339-
341; success, 342; Ringmann's
edition, 343. See also New
World.

Munsee Indians, I. 51.
Münster, Sebastian, use of term

America, 2. 381, 389 n., 3.

327.

Murray, Mrs. Lindley, saves Put-
nam's troops, 10. 251.
Muscovy Company, organized, 2.
221, 4. 16, 7. 63, 93.
Musgrove's Mills, S. C., battle, II.
235.

Music, ancient Nahuatl, 3. 295,
296 n.; in colonial Virginia, 5.
281;
in the Netherlands, 7. 18.
Muyscas. See Chibchas.

Nahuas, Pueblo Indian group in
Mexico, 1. 96; invasion of Mex-
ican tableland, 3. 5, 8; music,
295, 296 n. See also Aztecs,
Mexicans.

Nakuk Pech, Maya chief, chronicle
of Spanish conquest, I. 158.
Names, queer transformations, I.
270, 2. 329 n.; character of
Virginia and New England geo-
graphical, 5. 8-11, 45; Cavalier,
in Virginia, 29; Huguenot, in
America, 5. 238, 8. 401; for-
mer partiality for classical, 12.
233; of territories in Jefferson's
plan, 234.

Nantasket, Mass., settled, 6. 111.
Nantucket, Mass., Duke of York's
claim, 8. 7.

Narragansett Bay, R. I., Verrazano
in, 7. 75.
Narragansett Indians, and Pilgrims,
6. 104; location, 147; refuse to
join Pequots, 158, 159; war
with Mohegans, 205-209; un-
friendly, 263; in King Philip's
War, 280-285, 295, 296.
Narvaez, Pánfilo de, and Cortes, 3.
78; expedition in southern United

States, 330; death, 331.
Nashville, Tenn., founded, 11. 130.
Natchez, Miss., captured by Ameri-

cans, II. 129.
Natchez Indians, I. 50 n.
Nation-making, of the Iroquois, I.
56; evolution, 6. 6–10, 13, 57;

137; renewed war with Spain,
145; English friendship, 282;
effect of treaty of Munster, 283;
government, 283-285; parties
after treaty of Münster, 285-
287; attempted union with the
Commonwealth, 287; commer-
cial rivalry with England, 288;
wars with Engla d, 289-291,
301-310, 329-338, 8. 19, 27-
29, 39-41, II. 189-194; per-
sonal union with England, 7. 291;
immigration of Jews, 8. 388;
inducement to Huguenots, 399;
harbour Paul Jones, II. 159,
188; on rights of neutrals, 171;
ships searched by British, 179-
181, 189; opinions on the Revo-
lution, 186; mutual disregard of
treaties with England, 187; joins
Armed Neutrality, 189; peace
with England, 12.
44; trade
treaty with United States, 184.
See also New Netherland.
Neutral Nation Indians, I. 53.
Neutrality, early disregard of rights of

neutrals, 5. 402, 11. 170; Con-
solato del Mare, 171-173; origin
of doctrine of free ships, free
goods, 173; adoption of the doc-
trine, 178, 182, 184; British
depredations on neutral commerce,
179-181, 189; Armed Neutral-
ity, 182; England's opposition,
183.

New Albion, Drake names, 3. 377,
4. 32.

New Amstel, Dutch settlement on

the Delaware, 5. 162; resists the
English, 8. 4; called Newcastle, 4.
New Amsterdam, beginnings, 7.
140; conditions, 158, 189-191,
196, 267, 303; subscription for
a church, 212; municipal gov-
ernment desired, 252; incorpo-
rated, 265; defences, 301; cap-
tured, 333-338; named New
York, 8. 1. See also Manhattan

Island, New Netherland, New
York City.

New Bedford, Mass., burnt by Brit..
ish, 11. 132.

New Berne, N. C., founded, 5.
347; Indian massacre, 353.
New England, exploration of coast,
4. 65, 6. 91, 7. 76, 102, 131,
9. 52-55; a Virginian's opinion,
5. 4; character of its geographical
names, 10; character of settlers,
132, 213, 217, 6. 170-174;
reasons for social difference from
Virginia, 5. 34, 294; origin
and character of its local govern-
ment, 35-40, 48, 49, 7. 257;
small farms, 5. 36; militia, 47;
architecture, 260; school system,
292-296, 7. 37; illegal trade
with North Carolina, 328, 330;
settled through religious differences,
6. 94, 145, 186; parcelled out
by Charles I., 137; Gorges gov-
ernor, 137; effect of Pequot
War, 163; population in 1640,
166; importance of migration,
174; settlement not intended to
promote religious liberty, 175-
178; laws against Quakers, 236;
regicides, 245-247, 275, 276 n. ;
abundant sources, 304; romantic
history, 304; under Andros, 334-
341, 8. 205; effect of Revolution
of 1689, 6. 341-347; and Norum-
bega, 7. 81; named, 131; extent
under charter of Council of New
England, 133; growth threatens
New Netherland, 171, 199–201,
319; dispute with the Dutch over
Connecticut, 173-181, 291–
301; trade with New Nether-
land, 187; and New Nether-
land during the first English-Dutch
war, 303-310; preparation against
reconquered New Netherland, 8.
31; resumption of old govern-
ments, 209; conquers Acadia, 9
96; purpose of settlement, 104;

gloomy outlook in 1692, 156;
Indian depredations, 241; captures
Louisburg, 250-256; ports closed,
10. 132; forbidden to fish on
the Banks, 132; factor in Bur-
goyne's campaign, 312; religious
intolerance before 1800, 12. 88-
91; commercial control under the
Constitution feared, 312, 399,
401. See also next title, Colo-
nies, King Philip's War, Puri-
tans, and colonies by name.
New England Confederacy, liberal-
izing effect, 6. 187; causes, 187;
population in 1643, 188, 192;
formed, 188; constitution, 191;
value, 192; act of sovereignty,
193; distrusted in England, 193,
244, 248; acts against Gorton,
210; against Quakers, 234, 237;
weakened, 251; Narragansetts in-
timidated, 263; measures in King
Philip's War, 278–281, 290, 300.
See also New England.

New France. See Canada.
New Hampshire, founded, 6. 145;
joined to Massachusetts, 146,
187; dissent permitted, 187;
royal province, 324; share in
Louisburg expedition, 9. 251;
troops for campaign of 1759, 343;
quarrel with governor over repre-
sentation, 10. 3; instructs for
independence, 218 ; forms new
government, 218; gradual eman-
cipation, 12. 87; uprising against
the courts, 217; ratifying conven-
tion adjourns, 397; ratifies the
Constitution, 405. See also New
England, Vermont.

New Hampshire Grants. See Ver-

mont.

New Haven colony, founded, 6. 164,

165, 7. 200; theocracy, 6. 165;
administration of justice, 166,
313; population in 1643, 192;
regicides, 245-247; annexed to
Connecticut, 249, 8. 6, 9. 211 n. ;
settlement in New Jersey, 6. 250,

8. 16; political discontent, 6.
314; contact with New Nether-
land, 7. 201; attempted settle-
ments in New Jersey and Pennsyl-
vania, 278; controversy with New
Netherland, 292–296; contrasted
with Connecticut, 8. 15. See also
Connecticut, New England.

New Haven, Conn., Tryon attacks,
II. 133.

New Jersey, grant to Berkeley and
Carteret, 5. 167, 8. 12; an-
nexed to New England, 6. 335,
8. 205;
Nicolls's grant, 12;
Elizabethtown founded, 13; con-
flicting grants, 14; named, 14;
government under the Conces-
sions, 14, 17; New Haven set-
tlers, 15-17; early government
troubles, 18; Berkeley's interest
sold to Quakers, 19; regrant of
East Jersey to Carteret, 42, 108;
Quaker claim to West Jersey ig-
nored, 42, 108; boundary line
of East and West Jersey, 42,
163; troubles arising from York's
claim of government, 108-113,
163-165, 168; York cedes the
government, 113, 114, 170;
Penn's award in West Jersey,
162; settlements in West Jersey,
163, 164; Burlington founded,
166; Penn's draft of government
for West Jersey, 167; united as
a royal province, 279; executive
union with New York, 279; sal-
ary controversy with Cornbury,
279; troops for campaign of
1759, 9. 343; dispute over inde-
pendence and new government,
10. 218; retreat of American
army across, 262; British driven
from, 268-276; Howe's attempt
to cross foiled, 358; permits
emancipation, 12. 87; paper
money, 203; ratifies the Consti-
tution, 377. See also Colonies,
Delaware River, and battles by

name.

New Laws on Indian slavery, 3.
301.

New London, Conn., burnt by Ar-
nold, II. 339.

New Netherland, Virginians at Fort
Nassau, 4. 298, 7. 187; bound-
aries, 5. 166, 7. 122; in Con-
necticut valley, 6. 149, 7. 135,
173-181, 291-301; growth pro-
motes New England Confeder-
acy, 6. 187; fall, 249, 7. 332-
338; pioneer traders at Man-
hattan, 118; Ordinance of 1614,
119; explorations, 120; control
of the United New Netherland
Company, 121-124; treaty with
the Iroquois, 123; control of the
Dutch West India Company, 129;
English claims, 131-134, 137,
144, 163-166, 170, 320-324,
326; government, 134, 152,
259, 262; first settlers, 134-
137; Minuit director - general,
139;
Iroquois, 141-143; intercourse
with Plymouth, 143; growth,
154, 188, 266-268, 318; estab-
lishment of manors, 154-159;
early manors, 159-162; disputes
with the patroons, 162, 240-249;
Twiller director-general, 166; at-
tempt to forestall English settle-
ments, 170-173; trade with New
England, 187; removal of Twil-
ler, 191; Kieft director-general,
192; his autocratic methods and
reforms, 193-196; character of
the population in Kieft's time,
196; monopoly abolished, 197;
encouragement of settlers, 198;
English settlers, 199, 211; con-
tact with New Haven, 201; con-
trol of Long Island, 201, 204,
291, 310, 313, 326, 328; wars
with the Delaware Indians 205-
218, 226, 314-318; Kieft and
the popular demands, 209-211,
219; financial needs, 220, 302;
excise, 221, 222, 233, 302; pro-

threatened breach with the

test against Kieft, 223-225; Stuy-
vesant director-general, 225; his
autocracy, 230, 233-237, 296;
step toward representation, 238;
difficulties in the government,
240; Stuyvesant and the popular
demands, 250-253, 264, 296,
302, 310-313, 328; memorial
to the States General, 252, 263;
phases of development, 266; cos-
mopolitanism, 267; religious per-
secution, 267-275; English set-
tlements in New Jersey broken
up, 278; relations with New
Sweden, 278, 281; during the
first English-Dutch war, 301-
310; internal weakness, 319;
validity of Dutch claim, 322;
essential to English control in
America, 324, 338, 8. I; por-
tents of disaster, 7. 325; granted
to the Duke of York, 329;
secret expedition against, 33°;
peaceful submission to the English,
8. 4.
See also Hudson River,
New Amsterdam, New York.
New Paltz, N. Y., Walloons settle,
8. 397.
New Providence, Bahama Islands,
harbours pirates, 5. 422; re-
deemed, 426.

New Rochelle, N. Y., Huguenot
settlement, 8. 403.

New Sweden, origin, 7. 275-277;

warned by English and Dutch,
277; progress, 278-280; over-
throw, 281.

New Town (Cambridge), Mass.,
settled, 6. 127; college founded,
134; name changed, 134; dis-
content with theocratic and aristo-
cratic tendencies, 150, 151; mi-
gration to Connecticut, 153.
New World, first use of term, 2.
336-338; original application of
term, 344-357; called America,
366-368. See also America.
New York, granted to the Duke of
York, 7. 330; captured from the