Journal, Spreading of Message on: See "Journal," pp. 515-522. Law Without President's Signature and Comment on Signing: In 1884, the President permitted an act to become a law without his approval and notified the Senate of his reason for such action.22 In 1921, the President advised the Congress of the approval of the Army appropriation bill, and made certain comments concerning the reduction of the enlisted personnel provided in said bill.23 Messages to Congress: See also "Communications and Messages to the Senate,” pp. 266– 276; "Journal," pp. 515–522. In 1949, in order to permit release to the newspapers of a presidential message, a Senator, in the course of a speech, yielded for the Presiding Officer to lay it before the Senate, when its reading was deferred until later in the day." In 1896 an unsigned message transmitted to the Senate by the President was returned to him for his signature."5 Pursuant to special order the Secretary has been authorized from time to time to receive messages when the Senate was in recess,26 and on June 12, 1942, the President transmitted a message to the Secretary when the Senate was in recess pursuant to a previous order."" The President laid before the Senate in person the treaty of peace with Germany signed at Versailles on June 28, 1919.28 The President has addressed the Senate in person on different occasions, including May 31, 1932, on the financial and economic conditions of the country," in 1918 on the subject of women suffrage, and in 1919 on the Treaty of Versailles.31 30 "June 23, 1884, 48-1, Record, p. 5469. June 30, 1921, 67–1, Journal, p. 178, Record, p. 3238. "Mar. 5, 1949, 81-1, Record, p. 1923. 25 Mar. 17, 1886, 49-1, Record, p. 2430. 20 Mar. 23, 1933, 73-1, Journal, p. 49; Mar. 27, 1933, 73-1, Journal, p. 50; Jan. 22, 1934, 73-2, Journal, pp. 49, 50; Jan. 9 and 13, 1936, 74–2, Journal, pp. 25, 27; Aug. 22, 1935, 74–1, Journal, p. 684. "June 15, 1942, 77-2, Record, pp. 5181-82. 28 July 8 and 10, 1919, 66-1, Journal, pp. 119, 122, Record, pp. 2271, 2336. 19 May 31, 1932, 72–1, Journal, pp. 525, 527, Record, p. 11591. 80 Sept. 30, 1918, 65–2, Journal, p. 356, Record, p. 10928. Nominations: See "Nominations," pp. 552-565. Reconsideration of Bills Sent to President: See "Reconsideration," pp. 696-716. Rule XIX, Not Applicable to President: See "Disorderly Language, Use of, in Debate, and Restrictions on," pp. 402-406. Signatures of Laws: 32 Notification of approvals by the President of the United States of House bills is transmitted to the House of Representatives, and Senate bills to the Senate; but the President on two occasions has notified both Houses of Congress of his approval of bills originating in the House." Signing of Enrolled Bills: See "President Has Ten Days To Sign," p. 470. Treaties: See "Treaties," pp. 819–831. Vetoed by: See "Vetoes," pp. 873-879. PRESIDENTIAL MESSAGES See "Communications and Messages to the Senate," pp. 266–276. Aug. 9, 1921, 67-1, Record, p. 4745. "July 3, 1946, 79-2, Record, p. 8235; July 25, 1946, 79-2, Record, p. 9996. PRESIDENT PRO TEMPORE See also "Presiding Officer," pp. 623-625. In the absence of the Vice President, the President pro tempore presides over the Senate, or in his absence, he appoints someone as Acting President pro tempore for not to extend beyond a legislative day. In the absence of the Vice President, the President pro tempore or the Acting President pro tempore acts in his stead by presiding over the Senate, making references of bills and resolutions and all communications to committees, and signing duly enrolled bills. The President pro tempore in a prolonged absence of the Vice President takes over his role as well as to administer oaths, make appointments to committees and commissions, receive communications from the President and Departments to be laid before the Senate for appropriate reference, and is responsible for the reference of proposed legislation to Senate committees. Article I, Section 3 of Constitution [Senate Shall Elect] The Senate shall chuse their other Officers, and also a President pro tempore, in the Absence of the Vice President, or when he shall exercise the Office of President of the United States. Rule I [Presiding Officers of the Senate] 1. In the absence of the Vice President, the Senate shall choose a President pro tempore. 2. In the absence of the Vice President, and pending the election of a President pro tempore, the Secretary of the Senate, or in his absence the Chief Clerk, shall perform the duties of the Chair. 3. The President pro tempore shall have the right to name in open Senate, or, if absent, in writing, a Senator to perform the duties of the Chair; but such substitution shall not extend beyond an adjournment, except by unanimous consent. 4. In event of a vacancy in the office of the Vice President, or whenever the powers and duties of the President shall devolve on the Vice President, the President pro tempore shall have the right to name, 618 in writing, a Senator to perform the duties of the Chair during his absence; and the Senator so named shall have the right to name in open session, or in writing, if absent, a Senator to perform the duties of the Chair, but such substitution shall not extend beyond adjournment, except by unanimous consent. On Mar. 12, 1890, the Senate agreed to the following: Resolved, That it is competent for the Senate to elect a President pro tempore, who shall hold the office during the pleasure of the Senate and until another is elected, and shall execute the duties thereof during all future absences of the Vice President until the Senate otherwise order. On Jan. 4, 1905, the Senate agreed to the following: Resolved, That whenever a Senator shall be designated by the President pro tempore to perform the duties of the Chair during his temporary absence he shall be empowered to sign, as acting President pro tempore, the enrolled bills and joint resolutions coming from the House o. Representatives for presentation to the President of the United States. Appointments Made by: See also "Appointive Power of the Vice President,” p. 880. The President pro tempore may be authorized, by the adoption of an order of the Senate to that effect, to make appointments after the final adjournment of a session, to commissions or committees as may be authorized by law, by an order adopted by the Senate, or pursuant to concurrent action taken by the two Houses.' Appointment of Acting President Pro Tempore: Under Rule I the President pro tempore has the right to name in open session, or, if absent, in writing, a Senator to perform the duties of the Chair, not to extend beyond an adjournment, except by unanimous consent. In 1886, the office of Vice President being vacant, the President pro tempore by unanimous consent, designated a Senator to serve as Presiding Officer during his absence of several days. In 1896 a Senator designated under the rule as acting President pro tempore was authorized, by unanimous consent, to serve in that capacity until adjournment on the following day.* 3 In 1918 the Senate gave the President pro tempore authority to designate a certain Senator to preside in his absence covering a period of 3-day adjournments." Aug. 2, 1946, 79–2, Journal, p. 552; July 26, 1947, 80-1, Record, p. 10409. . Jan. 12, 1886, 49-1, Record, p. 602. 4 June 4, 1896, 54-1, Record, p. 6104. July 13, 1918, 65-2, Record, p. 9096. In one instance the authority of a Senator named by the President pro tempore to perform the duties of the Chair for a legislative day was extended to include the period of the absence of the President pro tempore and in 1943 a Senator named as acting President pro tempore was authorized by the Senate to serve during the further absence of the Vice President." Committee To Escort to Chair for Oath: A committee is appointed to escort the President pro tempore elect to the desk to be sworn in." Decisions by the Chair: See "Appeals," pp. 98-101. Election of: Pursuant to a resolution adopted in 1890, the Senate now elects its President pro tempore while the Vice President is present to hold "the office during the pleasure of the Senate and until another is elected," and who "shall execute the duties and office during all future absences of the Vice President" until the Senate otherwise orders. A majority, and not a plurality, vote is required to elect a President pro tempore and other officers of the Senate." On a rollcall for an election of a President pro tempore, a Senator may vote for any Member he prefers.10 No method being prescribed by the Constitution or the Senate rules for choosing a President pro tempore, the Senate may choose him by ballot, by rollcall, or by resolution, but the Senate usually follows the course of electing him by resolution." In 1913 the President pro tempore was elected by ballot." Where a Senator is nominated for the office of President pro tempore, and a substitute proposed therefor, a vote on the substitute was held to be in order.13 Mar. 23, 1943, 78-1; Record, p. 2314; Mar. 27 and 29, 1920, 66-2, Journal, p. 190, Record, pp. 4906, 4943. This order was rescinded on Apr. 14 of the same year; Apr. 14, 1943, 78-1, Record, p. 3350. See Jan. 3, 1953, 83-1, Journal, p. 5; Jan. 5, 1955, 84-1, Journal, p. 5; Jan. 3, 1957, 85-1, Record, p. 9; Jan. 9, 1963, 88-1, Record, p. 9. * Dec. 15, 1931, 72–1, Journal, p. 83, Record, p. 544; see also Dec. 14, 1916, 64–2, Record, pp. 317-319. See May 11, 1911, 62-1, Journal, p. 62, Record, pp. 1183, 1188. 10 Dec. 8, 1931, 72–1, Record, p. 69. "Dec. 14, 1912, 62-3, Journal, p. 34, Record, p. 628; Dec. 16, 1912, 62–3, Record, p. 695. 12 Mar. 13, 1913, 63-Special Session, Record, pp. 8, 9. |