Thus spake Elizabeth Haddon at nightfall to Hannah the housemaid,

As in the farmhouse kitchen, that served for kitchen and parlor,

By the window she sat with her work, and looked on a landscape

White as the great white sheet that Peter saw in his

vision,

By the four corners let down and descending out of the - HENRY W. LONGFELLOW, Elizabeth.

heavens.

IV.

One summer morning, when the sun was hot,
Weary with labor in his garden-plot,

On a rude bench beneath his cottage eaves,
Ser Federigo sat among the leaves

Of a huge vine, that, with its arms outspread,
Hung its delicious clusters overhead.

-HENRY W. LONGFELLOW, The Falcon of Ser Federigo.

V.

Robert of Sicily, brother of Pope Urbane
And Valmond, Emperor of Allemaine,
Apparelled in magnificent attire,

With retinue of many a knight and squire,
On St. John's eve, at vespers, proudly sat
And heard the priests chant the Magnificat.
-HENRY W. LONGFELLOW, King Robert of Sicily.

VI.

The wind is roistering out of doors,

My windows shake and my chimney roars;
My Elmwood chimneys seem crooning to me,
As of old, in their moody, minor key,

And out of the past the hoarse wind blows,
As I sit in my arm-chair, and toast my toes.
-JAMES RUSSELL LOWELL, To Charles Eliot Norton.

VII.

The hard white bundles in the shallow splint-basket were disappearing, one by one, and taking their places

on the decrepit clothes-horse, well ironed and precisely folded. The July sunshine came in at one side of Mrs. Powder's kitchen, and the cool northwest breeze blew the heat out again from the other side. Mrs. Powder grew uneasy and impatient as she neared the end of her task, and the flat-iron moved more and more vigorously. She kept glancing out through the doorway and along the country road as if she were watching for somebody. - SARAH ORNE JEWETT, Tales of New England.

VIII.

The long, low, red-painted cottage was raised above the level of the street, on an embankment separated into two terraces. The whole yard and the double banks were covered with a tall, waving crop of red-top and herd's-grass and red and white clover. It was the height of haying-time. . A rusty open

buggy and a lop-eared white horse stood in the drive opposite the side door of the house. An elderly woman with a green cotton umbrella over her head sat placidly waiting in the buggy. . The side door stood open, and a young woman kept coming out, bringing pails and round wooden boxes, which she stowed away in the back of the buggy and under the seat. She was a little round-shouldered, her face with its thick, dullcolored complexion was like her mother's, just as pleasant and smiling, only with a suggestion of shrewd sense about it which the older woman's did not have.

-MARY E. WILKINS,

A Humble Romance, and Other Stories.

IX.

At Drontheim, Olaf the King

Heard the bells of Yule-tide ring,

As he sat in his banquet-hall,

Drinking the nut-brown ale,
With his bearded Berserks hale
And tall.

-HENRY W. LONGFELLOW, The Saga of King Olaf.

X.

Once on a time, some centuries ago,

In the hot sunshine two Franciscan friars

Wended their weary way, with footsteps slow,

Back to their convent, whose white walls and spires Gleamed on the hillside like a patch of snow;

Covered with dust they were, and torn by briers,
And bore like sumpter-mules upon their backs
The badge of poverty, their beggar's sacks.

-HENRY W. LONGFELLOW, The Monk of Casal-Maggiore.

IO. The Law of Variety in the Situation. We all know how tiresome monotony is in our ordinary experience. A sound repeated again and again wearies us. Sameness of color tires our eyes, and our minds are jaded or made dull by monotony of thought, or by tasks that require the use day after day of the same set of muscles or nerve centers. In order to keep our health, either of mind or body, we must have variety of interests and activities; in other words, we must obey the law of variety. We shall find in our study of the situation in this chapter that the principle of variety belongs to art as well as to life. The examples of the situation quoted in section 9 vary in expression, in the order of the situation elements, and in sentence structure.

We

II. Variety in Methods of Expression. shall study the examples of the situation given in section 9, first for variety of expression in the situation elements, beginning with the following study of the time element:

Example I. "It was noonday by the dial" gives the time of day. Here a whole sentence is used to express time.

Example II. "At evening" also gives the time of day, but expresses time in a phrase.

Example III. The expressions, "Ah, how short are