lined for currants are the entry here of calyx, markings, and bloom, for description. The calyx is more prominent on gooseberries than on currants, and occasionally offers points of distinction of some value. The surface of the gooseberry, too, is usually marked with more or less distinct meridian lines; and these ought always to be carefully noted, and, where expedient, entered in the description. The bloom on the gooseberry is often important and characteristic. Furthermore, certain varieties, especially natives derived from Ribes cynosbati, are apt to be thorny on the surface. Since this takes the place of bloom in such instances, it will be convenient, though illogical, to enter the description of the surface generally under the head of bloom. IX DESCRIBING GRAPES THE grape, being considerably different from other fruits, requires a special descriptive form. Various styles of blanks used by different pomologists are reproduced herewith in Figs. 30, 32, and 33. The bunch should be described first with respect to length. This entry may be made in comparative terms merely, as long, medium long, or short, or it may be given in absolute inches or centimeters. Perhaps it is as good a plan as any to use both methods side by side, giving the general relative size of the bunches, and then adding the exact measurement of some typical bunch. The breadth of the bunch may be treated in the same way. The form of the bunch requires more careful study. This may be round, elliptical, ovate, long, regular, or irregular, or it may occasionally take some other form. The shoulder of a bunch is that portion which branches out from the main axis of the bunch near the base (in this case, near the upper part of the bunch, as it hangs on the vine). The stem on which the individual berries grow is not always branched in this way, in which case the branch is not shouldered. In rare instances there are two branches or shoulders, and then the shoulder is said to be double. In the ordinary case of the single shoulder it is usually competent to describe it as small, medium, or large. The berry, or individual fruit, of the grape is next described, first as to size and next as to form. The form is nearly always round, but is occasionally either oblate or elongated. The color of grapes is largely depended on for classification, and the different varieties are usually summarily distinguished as black, red, and white. A little closer examination, however, will show that varieties differ among themselves by much finer gradations of color. The reds are not all alike, and not even the blacks are of the same shade. Colors are notoriously difficult of description, but whenever these distinctions can be put into words it is well worth while to do so. The skin of the berry may be thin or thick, tough or brittle, and in certain cases it has a more or less sour or bitter taste, which |