The sections are all numbered 1 to 36, commencing at the north-east corner.

The sections are divided into quarters, which are named by the cardinal points. The quarters are divided in the same way. The description of a forty acre lot would read: The south half of the west half of the south-west quarter of section 1 in township 21, north of range 7 west, or as the case might be; and sometimes will fall short and sometimes overrun the number of acres it is supposed to contain.

The nautical mile is 795 4-5 feet longer than the common mile.

SURVEYORS' MEASURE. 7 92-100 inches....

make 1 link. 25 links......

1 rod. 4 rods....

1 chain. 80 chains..

1 mile. NOTE.—A chain is 100 links, equal to 4 rods or 66 feet.

Shoemakers formerly used a subdivision of the inch called a barleycorn ; three of which made an inch.

Horses are measured directly over the fore feet, and the standard of measure is four inches-called a hand.

In Biblical and other old measurements, the term span is sometimes used, which is a lergth of nine inches.

The sacred cubit of the Jews was 24.024 inches in length.
The common cubit of the Jews was 21.704 inches in length.
A pace is equal to a yard or 36 inches.
A fathom is equal to 6 feet.

A league is three miles, but its length is variable, for it is strictly speaking a nautical term, and should be three geographical miles, equal to 3.45 statute miles, but when used on land, three statute miles are said to be a league.

In cloth measure an aune is equal to 11 yards, or 45 inches.
An Amsterdam ell is equal to 26.796 inches.
A Trieste ell is equal to 25.284 inches.
A Brabant ell is equal to 27.116 inches.

HOW TO KEEP ACCOUNTS. Every farmer and mechanic, whether he does much or little business, should keep a record of his transactions in a clear and systematic manner. For the benefit of those who have not had the opportunity of acquiring a primary knowledge of the principles of book-keeping, we here present a simple form of keeping accounts which is easily comprehended, and well adapted to record the business transactions of farmers, mechanics and laborers.

INTEREST TABLE. A SIMPLE RULZ Fox ACCURATELY COMPUTING INTEREST AT ANT GIVEY PER CENT. FOR ANY

LENGTH OF TIME. Multiply the principal (amount of money at interest) by the time reduced to duys; then divide this product by the quotient obtained by dividing 360 (the number of days in the Interest year) by the per cent of interest, and the quotient thus obtained will be the required interest. ILLUSTRATION,

Solution. Require the interest of $462.50 for one month and eighteen days at 6 per cent. An

$462.50 interest month is 30 days; one month and eighteen days equal 48 days. $462.50 multi

.48 plier by .48 gives $222 0000; 360 divided by 6 (the per cent. of interest) gives 60, and $2.22.0000 divided by 60 will give you the exact interest, which is $3.70. the rate of

370000 luterest in the above example were 12 per cent., we would divide the $222.0000 by 30 6360 185000 (because 360 divided by 12 gives 30); if 4 per cent., we wouid divide by 90; if 8 per cent., by 45: and in like manner for any other per cent.

60 / $222.0000( 3.70

180

NAMES OF THE STATES OF THE UNION, AND THEIR SIGNIFICATIONS,

Virginia.—The oldest of the States, was so called in honor of Queen Elizabeth, the “Virgin Queen," in whose reign Sir Walter Raleigh made his first attempt to colonize that region.

Florida.-Ponce de Leon landed on the coast of Florida on Easter Sunday, and called the country in commemoration of the day, which was the Pasqua Florida of the Spaniards, or “ Feast of Flowers.”

Louisiana was called after Louis the Fourteenth, who at one time owned that section of the country.

Alabama was so named by the Indians, and signifies “ Here we Rest.”
Mississippi is likewise an Indian name, meaning “ Long River.”

Arkansas, from Kansas, the Indian word for “smoky water.” Its prefix was really arc, the French word for “ bow.”

The Carolinas were originally one tract, and were called "Carolana,” after Charles the Ninth of France.

Georgia owes its name to George the Second of England, who first established a colony there in 1732.

Tennessee is the Indian name for the “River of the Bend," i.e., the Mississippi which forms its western boundary.

Kentucky is the Indian name for "at the head of the river.”

Ohio means “ beautiful;” Iowa, “ drowsy ones;” Minnesota, “ cloudy water,” and Wisconsin, “wild-rushing channel.”

Illinois is derived from the Indian word illini, men, and the French suffix ois, together signifying “ tribe of men.”

Michigan was called by the name given the lake, fish-weir, which was so styled from its fancied resemblance to a fish trap.

Missouri is from the Indian word “muddy,” which more properly applies to the river that flows through it.

Oregon owes its Indian name also to its principal river.
Cortes named California.
Massachusetts is the Indian for " The country around the great hills."

Connecticut, from the Indian Quon-ch-ta-Cut, signifying “ Long River."

Maryland, after Henrietta Maria, Queen of Charles the First, of England.

New York was named by the Duke of York.

Pennsylvania means “ Penn's woods,” and was so called after William Penn, its orignal owner.

Delaware after Lord De La Ware.

New Jersey, so called in honor of Sir George Carteret, who was Governor of the Island of Jersey, in the British Channel.

Maine was called after the province of Maine in France, in compliment of Queen Henrietta of England, who owned that province.

Vermont, from the French word Vert Mont, signifying Green Mountain.

New Hampshire, from Hampshire county in England. It was formerly called Laconia.

The little State of Rhode Island owes its name to the Island of Rhodes in the Mediterranean, which domain it is said to greatly resemble.

Texas is the American word for the Mexican name by which all that section of the country was called before it was ceded to the United States.

POPULATION OF THE

UNITED STATES.

POPULATION OF FIFTY

PRINCIPAL CITIES.

States.

States. Alabama 50,722 996,992 1,671 Pennsylvania... 46,000 3,521,791

5,113 Arkansas.. 52,198 484,471

25 Rhode Island.... 1,306 217,353 258,239 136 California. 188.981 560,247

1,013 South Carolina... 29,385 705, 606 925,145 1.201 Connecticut. 4.674 537,154 820 Tennessee. 45,600 1,258,520

1,520 Delaware.. 2,120 125.015

227 Texas..
237.504 818.579

865 Florida. 59,268 187,748 466 Vermont 10,212 330,551

675 Georgia.. 58.000 1.184,1091 2.108 Virginia 40,904 1,225,163

1,490 Illinois 55,410 2,539,891 5,904 West Virginia.. 23,000 442,014

485 Indlana. 33,809 1,680.637 3.529 Wisconsin

53,924 1,054.670 1,236,729 1,725 IOk3..

55,045 1,191.792 1,350,544 3.160 Kansas.. 81,318 364,399 528,349 1,760 Total States...... 1,950,171 38,113,253

59.587 Kentucky 37,600 1,321,011

1,123 Louisiana

41.346 726,915 857,039 539 Territories. Maine... 31,776 626,915

871 Arizona ..

113.916 9.658 Maryland 11,184 780,894

820 Colorado..

104,500
39,864

392 Massachusetts. 7,800 1,457.351 1.651,912 1,606 Dakota

147,490 14,181 Michigan. 56,451 1.184,059 1,334,031 2,235 Dist. of Columbia.

60 131,700 Minnesota. 83.531 439,706 598,429 1,612 Idaho..

90,932 14,999 Mississippi. 47,156 827,922

990
Montana..

143,776 20,595
Missouri...
65.350 1,721.295
2,580 New Mexico

121,201 91.874
Nebraska..
75.995 123.993 246,280

828
Utah
80,056 86,786

375 Nevada. 112,090 42. 191 52,540

593
Washington.

69,944 23,955
New
Hampshire. 9,280 318.300

790 Wyoming
93,107 9,118

498 New Jersey

8.320 906,096 1,026,502 1.265 Sew York. 47,000 4,382, 759 4,705,208 4,470 Total Territories. 965,032 442,730

1,265 North Carolina.. 50,704 1,071,361

1,190 Obio. 39.964 2,665, 260

3,740 Oregon 95,2441 90,9231 109 Aggregate of U. S.. 2,915,20338,555,983

60.852 * Last Census of Michigan taken in 1874.

* Included in the Railroad Mileage of Maryland.

PRINCIPAL COUNTRIES OF THE WORLD;

POPULATION AND AREA.