Public buildings, appropriations by Congress for, in Minnesota territory, 43; state loans for buildings of, 191, 245 (C.9:14a) Public credit, see Credit
Public funds, not to be used for religious pur- poses, 118, 184, 210(C.1:16), 234(C.8:3); investment of certain, 181-83, 218-19 (C.4:32b), 233-36 (C.8:2,5,6); provisions as to safe-keeping of, 190-91, 241 (C.9:8,9), 244 (C.9:12); provided for trunk highway system, 263-64 (C.16:2,3,4) Public lands, national, states not to tax
interfere with sale of, 10, 34, 64-65, 163, 212(C.2:3); state, reforestation of, 183-84. See also Land grant, Schools, University, Swamp lands
Public safety, of primary importance, 158-59 Public trial, 159-60
Public waters, ore under, 196, 248
Pugh, Senator, from Ohio, 139
Punishment for crimes, to be moderate, provi- sion of Northwest Ordinance, 10; cruel and unusual forbidden, 208 (C.1:5)
Quebec Act, mentioned, 10 Quorum, of legislature, 213(C.4:3) Railroad from Chicago to Rock Island, 43 Railroad bond amendment, 133, 135-36, 168, 185-87, 237 (C.9:[2]), 241-43 (C.9:10) Railroads, need of in 1855-57, 46; hope of land grant for, 46; rival plans for system of, 46, 47; delegations in Washington to obtain land grant for, 52; railroads and statehood, 53; Rice's plan for railroad land grant, 54-55; passage of railroad land grant, 59-60; special session of legislative assembly to dispose of lands, 65-66; local and municipal aid for, 191, 245-46 (C.9:14b,15); liability of stockholders of, 196. See also Railroad bond amendment Railroads, taxation of, see Gross earnings tax Ramsey, Alexander, appointed first governor
of Minnesota territory, 31; his arrival in Minnesota, 31; politics of, 35-36, 38, 40; mentioned, 33
Recall, proposed amendment as to, 181, 232 Redress of wrongs, 209 (C.1:8) Red River of the North, 162
Red river valley, British claim to, 5-6; be- comes American territory, 8-9; character of, 44
Referendum, Republican belief in, 89; right of proposed, 119; provisions of constitution requiring, 218(C.4:32a), 218-19 (C.4:32b), 237 (C.9:[2]). See also Initiative and referendum
Reforestation, of state lands,
149, 183-84, 236 (C.8:7); of state and other lands proposed, 194-95
Removal of officers, see Impeachment and re- moval of officers
Religion, see Freedom of religious worship Religious tests forbidden, 118, 210-11 (C.1:17) Representation, basis of in legislature, 165-66 Representatives, state, see Legislature Republican form of state government, required by Northwest Ordinance, 11; relation to intelligence and schools, 232 (C.8:1) Republican party, in the territory, 37-41; growth of in southern Minnesota, 45-46; in 1856 legislature, 50; in 1857 legislature, 68; handicapped in election of constitu- tional convention, 70-71; activity of before election of delegates, 71-73; success of in election, 75-77; negotiations with Demo- crats, 78-79; all-night vigil of Republican delegates, 79; proceedings of Republican delegates on first day, 79-82; position taken on seating of delegates, 83-85, 91; proceedings on second day and thereafter, 85-86; satisfied with the constitution, 115; in election of October 13, 1857, 133-34. See also Republican wing of convention Republican wing of constitutional convention, proceedings on first day, 79-82; proceed- ings on second day, 85-86; analysis of membership, 87-88; procedure of, 88-89; inexperience and radicalism of members of, 89-90; debates of, 91, 92; approves plan of compromise, 94-95; negotiates with Democratic wing, 95-97; receives and adopts compromise constitution, 101, 104; closes its work, 106-10; payment to members of refused, 107-8; debates cited, 111; con- tributions to original constitution reviewed, 115-32; attitude toward tri-city agreement, 125
Residence requirements for voters, 123-24 Revenue bills, where to originate, 214 (C.4:10) Revision of constitution, see Constitutional conventions
Rights and privileges of the people, 208(C.1:2),
Rights of way, 127, 249 (C.10:4)
Road and bridge amendment (1906), litigation as to adoption of, 153-54
Road and bridge fund, see Highways Robbins, N. B., Jr., 104, 113 Robert, Louis, 22
Rolette, Joseph, favored east-and-west line in 1856, 46, 49, 54; opposes east- and west- group on capital removal, 58-59
Rules, of legislature, 213(C.4:4)
Rum river, 19
Russell, R. P., 77
St. Anthony, 38, 41, 45, 46, 55, 70, 73, 77, 125
St. Anthony Express, newspaper, 77
St. Croix river, 17, 19, 20, 44, 161-62
St. Croix valley, attempts to separate from Wisconsin, 17-20, 21
St. Louis river, 17, 19, 20, 161-62
St. Paul, city of, 17, 19, 22; in 1849, 31; 38, 41, 45, 49, 53, 55, 70, 73, 74, 75, 78, 79, 125, 131, 251; influential position of in territorial period, 45; plans of St. Paul leaders as to statehood and railroads, 46; plans of east-and-west group to destroy its hegemony, 47, 53
St. Paul Advertiser, newspaper, 73 St. Paul Times, newspaper, 84
St. Peter, city of, 41, 53, 58, 59, 70, 133; hope of being capital, 47, 49; attempt to remove capital to, 58-59
St. Peter Company, relation of, to east-and- west line plans, 49
Salaries, of original state officers, 121-22; of present executive officers, 225 (C.5:5,6) Sauk Rapids, 22
Schedule, struggle over provisions of, in con- ference committee, 101-3, 131; in conven- tions, 104-6; provisions of, as to adoption of constitution, 133-34; purpose and effect of, 203; text of, 265-69
School districts, empowered to borrow state funds, 182-83, 234-36 (C.8:5,6) School funds, see Schools
School lands, see Schools
Schools, pioneers exhorted by Northwest Ordi-
nance to maintain, 10; lands reserved for, by organic act, 35; hope of land grant for, 56; land grant for, provided in enabling act, 64; original provisions of constitution as to, 124-25; proposal to prohibit use of state school funds by religious sects,
124; state versus township control of funds, 124-25; amendments to constitution as to, 181-84; amendment as to investment of school funds, 181-82; other amendments upon this subject, 182-83; investment of funds in farm mortgages, 183; reforesta- tion of school lands, 183-84; provisions of constitution as to, 232-36 (C.8:1-7); impor- tance of, 232(C.8:1); provisions as to school lands and funds, 233-36 (C.8:2,3, 5,6); mentioned, 118, 121, 179, 219, 231-32 (C.7:8)
Seal of state, 252 (C.15:4)
Searches and seizures, unreasonable, prohibited,
Sessions, daily, of Republican wing of conven- tion, 88, 89
Sessions, of territorial legislative assembly, 34; of legislature, 119-20, 165
Setzer, Henry N., 94, 95, 97, 98, 105-6 "Seven senator" proposal, 166, 213
Seward, Senator, from New York, 61, 139 Sherburne, Moses, 80, 113, 115; proposes com-
promise, 92-94, 95, 96, 97; appointed to compromise committee, 97; reports a com- promise constitution, 101, 103 Sherman, John, 136, n., 139
Shields, James, General, 52; elected United States senator, 135; applies for his seat, 137
Ship-building and ship-owning companies, taxa- tion of, 189
Sibley, Henry H., elected delegate from un- organized territory in 1848, 22-24; incon- sistencies in his position, 25; seated as delegate by House of Representatives, 25-26; labors successfully to have territory of Minnesota established, 28-30; politics of, 35, 36; mentioned, 13, 22, 31, 32, 74, 88, 95, 96, 107, 109, 111, 112, 124, 125, 136, 140, 174
Signature of laws, 120, 214 (C.4:11), 216 (C.4:21,22)
Signers of the constitution, 109, 276-77
Slavery, forbidden by Northwest Ordinance, 10; excluded from all parts of Minnesota, 11; slavery issue and birth of Republican party, 37-40; prohibited by constitution, 208 (C.1:2)
Sleeping car companies, taxation of, 188-89, 239 Smith v. Webb, 188
Soldiers' bonus case, 177
Sources of constitution, whether Republican or Democratic, 103-4, 115-31; other constitu- tions from which drawn, 131, n.
South, opposed to creation of more northern states, 29
South Dakota, 32, 162
Southern Minnesota, see Minnesota west Sovereignty, nature of, 2
Spain, claims of in Minnesota country, 5; acquires Louisiana territory from France, 6; re-cedes it to France, 8
Special assessments, power to levy, 187-88, 190, 238, 240(C.9:1)
Special legislation, for creation of private cor- porations forbidden, 126; prohibition ex- tended to other subjects in 1881, 169; and again extended in 1892, 170; these pro- hibitions did not really prohibit, 169, 170; as to county lines and county seats, 198; provisions of constitution as to, 219-20 (C.4:33,34)
Speech, see Freedom of speech
Spunk creek, 22
Squatter sovereignty, 49, 57
Stacy, E. C., 94
Standing army, prohibited in time of peace,
Stannard, L. K., appointed to compromise committee, 95
State ex rel. Childs v. Board of Co. Comm'rs of Crow Wing County, 198
State ex rel. Childs v. Pioneer Press Co., 198 State ex rel. Clapp v. Peterson, 200
State ex rel. Co. Treas. of Mille Lacs Co. v. Dike, 164
State ex rel. Hahn v. Young, 168, 187
State ex rel. Johnson v. Becht, 160 State ex rel. Hart v. City of Duluth, 199 State ex rel. Kinsella v. Eberhart, 164, 200 State ex rel. Luley v. Simons, 164
State ex rel. Madigan v. Wagener, 160, 198 State ex rel. Meighen v. Weatherill, 166 State ex rel. Olson v. Scott, 113
State ex rel. Railroad and Warehouse Comm'rs v. Chicago, Milwaukee, and St. Paul Ry. Co., 164
State ex rel. Robertson v. New England Furni- ture and Carpet Co., 160
State ex rel. Simpson v. Mankato, 163, 171 State ex rel. Slipp v. McFadden, 198
State ex rel. Thompson v. Whitcomb, 164, 200 State ex rel. Tuttle v. Braden, 164 State ex rel. Young v. Brill, 164 State v. Benson, 156
State v. Bishop Seabury Mission, 113 State v. Brooks, 150, n.
State v. Callahan, 160
State v. George, 162
State v. Gilbert, 159
State v. Great Northern Ry. Co., 164 State v. Harris, 156 State v. Holm, 158 State v. Jensen, 157 State v. Marciniak, 160 State v. McBride, 148, n. State v. Moilen, 158
State v. Pioneer Press Co., 158 State v. Swift, 150, n.
State v. Townley, 159
Stearns v. Minnesota, 146, n., 163 Stinson v. Smith, 187
State government set up, 140-41
Statehood, promise of, in Northwest Ordinance, 9-11; nature of movement for in Minne- sota, 42-43; attitude of Congress as to, 43; favorable sentiment among people, 43-44; Gorman advises delay in 1856, 47, 49; convention proposed, 49; little agitation for, in 1856, 50-51; Rice's plans for, 52-55; statehood and railroad question, 53; argu- ments for statehood expressed by Gorman, 56-57; passage of enabling act, 59-63; sub- stance of enabling act, 63-65, 88; statehood finally accomplished, 136-41; when did Minnesota become a state?, 141-43
State seal, 252 (C.15:4) States, nature and extent of powers of, 1-2; and modern demands for social legisla- tion, 2
Status, of Minnesota, 1848-49, 23-28; 1857-58, 141-43
Stephens, Alexander H., 137, 139 Stevens, John H., 91, 108
Stillwater, city of, 19, 21, 22, 45, 55, 70, 73,
125, 131, 251 Stillwater Convention, call for, 22; proceedings of, 22-24; elects Sibley delegate, 22; me- morials, 23; its views as to status of Minnesota, 23-24
Stockholders in corporations, liability of, 125- 27, 196-97, 248-49 (C.10:3) Story, Joseph, 158
Suffrage, alien, objections to, in Congress upon passage of enabling act, 60-62; original provisions of constitution as to, 105, 123- 24, 229-30 (C.7:1); objections to, in Con- gress upon passage of act of admission, 140; amendment putting an end to, 180, 230-31 (C.7:1)
Suffrage, negro, debated, 72, 98-99, 100, 101; finally adopted in state, 178-79, (C.7:1)
Suffrage, woman, 179-80, 231-32 (C.7:8) Suffrage requirements, under the organic act, 32; in the territories generally, 32, n.; for the election of delegates to the con- stitutional convention, 73; Republican proposal as to negro suffrage, 99-100; re- ligious and property tests prohibited, 118; original provisions of constitution as to, 123-24; brief history of in Minnesota, 177- 78; approval of negro suffrage, 178-79; partial enfranchisement of women, 179; the federal woman suffrage amendment, * 179-80; aliens denied suffrage, 180; prop- erty and religious tests forbidden, 210-11 (C.1:17); exclusion from right of, 215 (C.4:15); provisions of constitution as to, 229-32 (C.7:1-9); special disqualifications, 231 (C.7:2); residence, rules as to, 229-31 (C.7: 1,3,4). See also Suffrage, alien; Suffrage, negro; Suffrage, woman Superintendent of public instruction, Republi- can proposals as to, 121 Superior, proposed state of, 19 Supreme court, clerk of, 122, 226(C.6:2); commissioners of, 176; power to declare statutes unconstitutional, 176-77; organiza- tion and jurisdiction of, 226 (C.6:2); election and terms of justices, 177, 227 (C.6:3); qualifications and salaries, (C.6:6); vacancies in, 229 (C.6:10); in- compatible offices, 229 (C.6:11) Swamp land fund, 183, 233 (C.8:2) Swedish settlement in Chisago county, politics
Taxation, original provisions of constitution as to, 125, 163; gross earnings tax amend- ment, 167; basis and methods of, 187-90, 237-40 (C.9:1-[4]); by special assessments, 187-88, 238, 240 (C.9:1); of banks, 188, 237 (C.9:[4]), 238; of large corporations,
188-89; of products of mines, 188; of in- heritances, 188-89, 238-39 (C.9:1); "wide open tax amendment," 189-90, 240(C.9:1); of dogs, proposed, 195; of motor vehicles for trunk highway fund, 202, 263-64 (C.16:2,3,4); for support of schools, 234 (C.8:3); exemptions from, 237 (C.9:[3]), 240 (C.9:1); of money, credits, and banks, 237(C.9:[3,4]); to pay railroad bonds, 237 (C.9:[2]); for road and bridge fund, 246- 48 (C.9:16); for trunk highway system, 263-64 (C.16:2,3,4). See also Gross earn- ings tax
Taxation of federal lands, by states, forbidden by Northwest Ordinance, 10; of non-resi- dents not to be at higher rate, 10; similar provisions in organic act, 34; similar pro- visions in enabling act, 64-65; in constitu- tion, 163, 212(C.2:3)
Taylor, James Wickes, views on constitutional questions noted, 72, n.
Taylor, Joshua L., 22 Taylor, William H., 97, 105 Taylor, Zachary, 29, 31 Taylor v. Taylor, 112
Telegraph companies, taxation of, 188-89, 239 Telephone companies, taxation of, 188-89, 239 Tenvoorde, John W., 97
Territorial act providing for expenses of con- stitutional convention, passage of, 65-67; validity of, 67-68, 84-85; text of, 299 "Territorial Party," 35, 36
Territories of U. S., right of representation in Congress, 26, 27
Territory of Minnesota, see Minnesota, his- tory of
Thompson, C. W., 58, n. Thompson, Richard W., 26 Thwaites, Reuben Gold, 20 Tonnage tax, 188-89, 238 Townships, original provisions of constitution as to, 127; empowered to borrow state funds, 182, 235-36 (C.8:6); limit on power of, to aid railroads, 191, 245-46 (C.9:14b, 15); article of constitution relating to, 197-98, 249-50(C.11:3-6)
Transition to statehood, 133-43 Transitory provisions, 265-69 (Schedule) Treason, pardons for possible, 175; definition of and conviction for, 209 (C.1:9) Treasurer, publication of reports by, 195, 244 (C.9:11); duties of, 218 (C.4:32b); men. tioned, 223 (C.5:1), 224 (C.5:4), 225 (C.5:5), 234(C.8:5), 250 (C.13:1) Treaty of 1803, for purchase of Louisiana ter- ritory from France, 8 and n. Treaty of San Ildefonso, 1800, 8
Warrants, to be specific, 209 (C.1:10) Warren, John Esaias, his letters on statehood, 50-51
Water mains, assessments for, 188, 238 (C.9:1) Waterways, to be common highways, 10
Watonwan river, 14
Watrous, Major, 52
Wayne, Anthony, General, 12
Welles, H. T., 52
Western Railroad Co. v. De Graff, 164
When did Minnesota become a state?, 141-43 Whigs, in the territory, 35-36
White Earth river, 32, 44
"Wide open tax amendment," 153-54, 189-90 Wilkinson, Morton S., 22, 35 Willis v. Mabon, 196 Wilson, J. P., 84
Wilson, Thomas, 52, 104,
112; appointed to compromise committee, 95; trouble with Gorman, 98-99
Winona, city of, 16, n., 19, 47, 49, 52, 53, 55, 58, 59, 70, 133
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