1670. of that town, which was at first called New Haven Village.1 Massacoe was made a distinct town, by the name of Symsbury.2 Deerfield, in Massachusetts, had begun to be settled.3 Death of ministers. John Davenport, minister at Boston, and John Warham, minister of Windsor, died this year.5 1671. GOVERNOR SAYLE falling a victim to "the damps of the climate," the command of Sir John Yeamans, who had hitherto discreetly ruled the plantation around Cape Fear, was now extended over that which lay southwestward of Cape Carteret. The shores, the streams, and the country, having now been accurately surveyed, the planters, from Clarendon on the north, Old Charles- as well as Port Royal on the south, resorted to the banks of Ashley river, as furnishing the most eligible situation for settle town. 1 Trumbull, Century Sermon, 22. Dr. Trumbull [Hist. Conn. i. 318.] says, it was incorporated that year by the name of Wallingford; that it was purchased by governor Eaton, Mr. Davenport, and other planters of New Haven, in 1638; that its settlement was projected in 1669; and that a committee was appointed by the town of New Haven, with powers to manage the whole affair of the settlement. 2 Trumbull, i. 317. The settlement of the town was made about this time. The lands lay on Tunxis river. In 1644, the general court of Connecticut gave leave to governors Hopkins and Haynes to dispose of them to such of the inhabitants of Windsor, as they should judge expedient; and in 1647 resolved, that those lands should be purchased by the country. A purchase was made of the Indians, and settlements began under the town of Windsor, of which, at first, this plantation was considered an appendix. Ib. 3 Williams, Vermont ;-" the English by 1670, had extended as far up the river as Deerfield." 4 Mather, Magnal. b. 3. 51-57. Trumbull, i. 465. Mr. Davenport died of an apoplexy, in the 73d year of his age. He was the first minister of New Haven, whenee he removed to Boston in 1677. He possessed an energetic mind, and is characterized as a hard student, an universal scholar, a laborious, prudent, exemplary minister, and a man of eminent piety. Hubbard [c. 70.] says, that Mr. Davenport was "a person beyond exception and compare for all ministerial abilities: and upon that account highly esteemed and accepted in both Englands." He was profound in counsel, and intrepid in action. When the pursuers of king Charles' judges were coming to New Haven, he preached publicly from this text (Isa. xvi. 3, 4.): Take counsel, execute judgment, make thy shadow as the night in the midst of the noon day, hide the outcasts, bewray not him that wandereth. Let mine outcasts dwell with thee, Moab, be thou a covert to them from the face of the spoiler. "It was Davenport's intrepidity, that saved the judges." Stiles, Hist. Judges of Charles I. 32, 69. See A. D. 1660. There is a portrait of Mr. Davenport at Yale College. An excellent letter of Mr. Davenport and governor Eaton, the fathers of New Haven colony, giving the reasons of their removal, is inserted in Savage's edition of Winthrop, i. Appendix. It is dated "The 12th day of the 1st month, 1638" [N. S. March, 1639]; and was copied by Mr. Savage from the original in the hand writing of Mr. Davenport. 5 Mather, Magnal. b. 3. 121. Trumbull, i. 467. Mr. Warham was distinguished for his piety; but was subject to melancholy. He is supposed to have been the first minister in New England, who used notes in preaching; " yet he was applauded by his hearers, as one of the most animated and energetic preachers of his day." He was one of the principal pillars of the churches of Connecticut. ment; and here was now laid the foundation of Old Charles Town.1 1671. The province was now divided into four counties, called Berkeley, Colleton, Craven, and Carteret counties; and the people, who had hitherto lived under a kind of military government, began to form a legislature for establishing civil regulations." The first body of emigrants that removed to Carolina, was a Accession small colony from Barbadoes, which arrived this year under the to Carolina. auspices of Sir John Yeamans, who had obtained a large grant of land from the proprietors. With these settlers were intro- Slaves. duced the first slaves that were in Carolina.3 The first act in Virginia for the naturalization of aliens was State of passed this year. All the freemen in that colony, supposed to Virginia. be nearly 8000, were bound to train every month. There were 5 forts in the colony; but not more than 30 serviceable great guns. The Indian neighbours were absolutely subjected. There was no cavalry. There had been no privateers since the late Dutch war. There had been no commodities of the growth of the country, till of late, excepting tobacco, which was considerable, and yielded his majesty a great revenue; but the colonists had lately begun to make silk. The colony contained about 40,000 persons, men, women, and children; of whom 6000 were Christian servants for a short time, and 2000 black slaves. It was supposed there came in yearly about 1500 servants, of which most were English, few Scotch, and fewer Irish; and not above two or three ships of negroes in seven years. Nearly 80 English ships came out of England and Ireland every year for tobacco, and a few New England ketches.* 1 Chalmers, b. 1. 530. The situation was chosen "for the convenience of pasture and tillage." This town was built " on the first high land ;" and it was for some years the capital of the southern settlements. [See A. D. 1680.] "Its site is now known [1802.] as part of a plantation, called Old Town, belonging to Mr. Elias Lynch Horry. Several grants of land in its vicinity "bound on Old Charlestown, or Old Town Creek." No traces of a town, however, are now to be seen there, excepting a small hollow, running directly across the point of land on which the town stood, said by tradition to be a wide ditch, made for the purpose of defence against the Indians. Little of it can now be seen; but it can be traced quite across the point of land where Old Charlestown stood. Drayton, S. Carolina, 200. In answer to some inquiries concerning the history and antiquities of Carolina, Dr. Ramsay wrote to me: "We have no early records of our first settlers. The records in our public offices about the year 1680, or even 1700, are scarcely legible. A durable ink, to stand our climate, is a desideratum." 2 Hewatt, i. 60. Ten members were elected as representatives for Colleton county, and ten for Berkeley. A committee, appointed to frame some public regulations, proposed these three; the first, to prevent persons from leaving the colony; the second, to prohibit all men from disposing of arms and ammunition to Indians; and the third, for the regular building of Charlestown. 3 Hewatt, i. 53. Ramsay, Hist. S. Carolina, i. 4. 4 Governor Berkeley, in Chalmers, b. 1. 315, 325-328, from Virginia papers, 75. B. This "account of the condition of Virginia in the sixty fourth year of its existence," is from the "Answers of the famous Sir William Berkeley to the 1671. The assembly of Maryland passed acts for "encouraging the importation of negroes and slaves;" for making void and punishActs of ing fraudulent practices, tending to defraud real purchasers and Maryland. creditors; for quieting possessions; for the advancement of foreign coins; and for the encouragement of the sowing and making of hemp and flax.1 May 26. Board of commis trade and plantations. A board of commissioners of Trade and Plantations was established at London. The first thing done was, to settle the form of a circular letter to the governors of all his majesty's plantations and territories in the West Indies and islands belonging to them, giving them notice to whom they should apply themselves on all occasions, and to render to this Board an account of their present state and government. What the Board most insisted on was, to know the condition of New England, whose spirit of liberty, with her power and influence, seem already to have excited the jealousy of the parent country.2 Inquiries of the lords of the committee of colonies."-The reason assigned for having "no horse" [cavalry] is," because they would be too chargeable to the poor people."— -"Of late we have begun to make silk; and so many mulberry trees are planted, that, if we had skilful men from Naples or Sicily to teach us the art of making it, in less than half an age we should make as much silk, in a year, as England did yearly expend threescore years since.-For shipping, we have admirable masts, and very good oaks; but, for iron ore, I dare not say there is sufficient to keep one iron-mill going for seven years. Salt petre we have none." After mentioning ships and ketches, the governor adds: "but of our own we never yet had more than two at a time, and those not more than 20 tons burden." To an act of parliament [See A. D. 1663.] Berkeley ascribes the impediments to the growth and prosperity of the colony. Mighty and destructive have been the obstructions to our trade and navigation by that severe act of parliament which excludes us from having any commerce with any nation in Europe but our own; so that we cannot add to our plantation any commodity that grows out of it; as olive-trees, cotton, or vines: Besides this, we cannot procure any skilful men for our own now hopeful commodity of silk: And it is not lawful for us to carry a pipe-stave, or a bushel of corn, to any place in Europe out of the king's dominions." The answer to the 23d inquiry, which is the concluding one, is characteristic of the man, as well as descriptive of the colony. "The same course is taken here, for instructing the people, as there is in England: Out of towns every man instructs his own children, according to his ability. We have 48 parishes, and our ministers are well paid, and by my consent should be better, if they would pray oftener, and preach less: But, as of all other commodities, so of this, the worst are sent us, and we have few that we can boast of, since the persecution in Cromwell's tyranny drove divers worthy men hither. Yet, I thank God, there are no free-schools, nor printing; and I hope we shall not have, these hundred years. For learning has brought disobedience, and heresy, and sects, into the world, and printing has divulged them and libels against the best government: God keep us from both!" 1 Chalmers, b. 1. 362. 2 Memoirs of Evelyn, i. 438. Evelyn himself was one of the Board. "What we most insisted on," he writes in his Journal, "was to know the condition of New England, which appearing to be very independent as to their regard to England or his majesty, rich and strong as they now were, there were great debates in what style to write to them, for the condition of that Colony was such that they were able to contest with all other Plantations about them, and there was a feare of their breaking from all dependence on this Nation." Philip, chief sachem of Pokanoket, pretending that some 1671. trifling injuries were done to him in his planting land, was ready to break out into an open war with the inhabitants of Plymouth; but, on a formal inquiry into the controversy, he acknowledged April 10. that his meditated hostilities were without provocation, and, to- Philip gether with his council, subscribed an instrument of submis- mission. sion.1 makes sub. Articles of agreement were made between the court of Plym- July 24. outh colony and Awasuncks, the squaw sachem of Saconnet, Awasuncks whose people had given umbrage to the colonists. In the same outh. colony, the Indians of Dartmouth and its vicinity, to the number of between 40 and 50, entered into an engagement of fidelity to the English.2 and Plym of Connecti The number of men from 16 to 60 years of age, in Con- Population necticut, was 2050.3 The town of Derby in that colony, was cut. settled.4 Portsmouth. The first church in Portsmouth, New Hampshire, was organ- Church in ized, and Mr. Joshua Moody was ordained its pastor.5 A grand congress of the French and of many of the Canadian Indians was holden at St. Mary's Fall; and the Indians professed French and submission to the king of France. 3 Hubbard, Ind. Wars, 51, 52. Hutchinson, i. 279. I. Mather, 73. Philip appears to have been on very good terms with the English the next year, and to have maintained a princely credit among them. I have before me the copy of a letter which he then sent, by an Indian, "To the honoured capt. Hopestill Foster att Dorchester," in which, after reminding him of a promise, that he had made him of £6 in goods, he adds: “My request is, that you would send 5 yards of white or light coloured serge to make me a Coat, and a good Holland Shirt ready made, and a pair of good Indian Breeches, all which I have present need of; therefore I pray Sir fail not to send them by my Indian, and with them the several prices of them, and silk and buttons and 7 yards of Gallown for trimming." The letter is dated "Mount Hope the 15th of May 1672;" and closed with "the subscription of king Philip. His majesty: p. P." For this letter, and some other rare historical morsels, I am indebted to my literary and worthy friend, Rev. Dr. Harris, of Dorchester, who obligingly sent me his "Memoranda relating to the Geography, History, and Antiquities of America." He obtained the letter from a copy on file in the town of Dorchester, attested by Noah Clap, town clerk. 2 Coll. Mass. Hist. Soc. v. 193, 194. The last named Indians signed a written agreement. 3 Chalmers, b. 1. 209. 4 Trumbull, i. 321, 322. The Indian name of the place was Paugasset. Attempts had been made to settle it, during 18 or 20 years. Governor Goodyear and several other gentlemen in New Haven purchased a considerable tract there about the year 1653, and "some few settlements" were made there soon after. In 1657 and 1659 a purchase was made of the lands of the chief sagamores, Wetanamow and Raskenute. The planters applied for town privileges in 1671; but their number was so small, that they were not allowed to be incorporated until 1675. 5 Alden, Religious Societies in Portsmouth, in Coll. Mass. Hist. Soc. x. 40. Mr. Moody is supposed to have begun his labours there in 1658. • Charlevoix, i. 488, 489. Univ. Hist. xl. 8, 9. Congress of Indians. 1671. Deaths. Duties laid by parlia colonies. John Allen, the first minister of the church in Dedham, Massachusetts, died in the 75th year of his age.1 Zechariah Symmes, minister of Charlestown, died, in his 72d year.2 Edward Hilton, one of the first settlers of New Hampshire, died at Exeter, at an advanced age.3 1672. THE Commerce of the American colonies had already been ment on the regulated and restrained by the parliament of England. The parliament, now considering the colonies as proper objects of taxation, enacted: That if any vessel, which by law may trade in the plantations, shall take on board any enumerated commodities, and a bond, with sufficient security, shall not have been given to unlade them in England, there shall be rendered to his majesty, for sugars, tobacco, ginger, cocoa nut, indigo, logwood, fustic, cotton, wool, the several duties mentioned in the law, to be paid in such places in the plantations, and to such officers as shall be appointed to collect them. For the better collection of those taxes, it was enacted: That the whole business shall be managed, and the impost shall be levied, by officers, who shall be appointed by commissioners of the customs in England, under the authority of the lords of the treasury. The duties of tonnage First act for and poundage had been imposed, and extended to every docustoms & minion of the crown, at the Restoration; but this was the first act which imposed customs on the colonies alone, to be regularly collected by colonial revenue officers.4 colonial revenue officers. 1 Mr. Allen had been several years a faithful preacher of the gospel in England, and left his native country during the persecutions for nonconformity. Soon after his arrival in New England, he was settled pastor of the church in Dedham, 1639. He published a Defence of the nine positions respecting church discipline, in which he was assisted by Mr. Shepard of Cambridge; also a Defence of the Synod of 1662, under the title of Animadversions upon the Antisynodalia, 4to. 1664. He married the widow of governor Dudley. His epitaph is believed to be just: "Vir sincerus, amans pacis, patiensque laboris, Magnal. b. 3. c. 22. Eliot and Allen, Biog. and Jennison, MS. Biog. 2 Mather, Magnal. b. 3. c. 21. Stiles, MS. He was born at Canterbury in 1599; educated at the university of Cambridge; chosen a lecturer at St. Atholine's, London, in 1621; and settled in the ministry at Charlestown in 1635. Mather says, 66 we have not received very large informations concerning him," but subjoins," here was one worthy of the name of a minister; for he knew his Bible well, and he was a preacher of what he knew, and a sufferer for what he preached." See Eliot, Biog. Dict. 3 He was a man of enterprise and influence. He possessed the friendship of the elder governor Winthrop, and was his confidential correspondent. Mr. Hilton may be considered as the father of the settlement of New Hampshire. Farmer and Moore, Collections, i. 55. 4 Chalmers, b. 1. 317-320. The commissioners of the customs did accordingly appoint collectors for Virginia, who were well received "in that loyal |