Revenue and Expenditure.

The following table shows the actual revenue and expenditure for the years ending March 31. They are revised so as to exclude, in accordance with the system now adopted, the army and navy extra receipts, and the contributions by India for military charges, formerly brought to account as revenue: Expend

Expend-
Year.
Revenue.
iture.
Year.
Revenue.

iture. 1884. £86,100,184 £85,954,564 1892.

£90,994,786 £89,927,773 1885. 87,998,110 89,037,883 1893.

90,395, 377 90,375,365 1886. 89,581,301 92,223,844 1894

91,133,410 91, 302,846 1887. 90,772,758 89,996,752 1895.

94,683,762 93,918,421 1888. 89,802,254 87,423,645 1896.

101,973,829 97,764,357 1889. 88,472,812 87.683,830 1897

103,949,885 101,476,669 1890. 89,304,316 86,083,314

1898

106,614,004 102,935,994 1891

89,489,112 87,732,855

SOURCES OF REVENUE, YEARS ENDING MARCH 31.

(Net Receipts.)

CUSTOMS.
Currants, Spirits,

Tobacco

Other

Mis-
Raisins, F'gn &

and

Imp't'd cellan's Coffee. D'd Fruits. Colonial. Tea. Snuff. Wine. Articles. Rec'ts. Totai. 1895.... £170,025 £396,602 £4,197,260 £3,587,632 £10,415,139 £1,143,698 €197,400 £31,193 £20,138,948 1896. 167,673 395,186 4,216,921 3,746,194 10,748.522 1,254,994 203,297 29,626 20,762,413 1897 172,333 401,244 4,318,192 3,799,372 11,108,048 1,296,181 224,272 36,489 21,206,131 1898.. 170,049 389,573 4,299,961 3,868,207 11,433,909 1,325,372 267,494 37,685 21,792,250

EXCISE.
Chic- Coffee Mix.

Other Beer. Spirits. ory. ture Labels. R'ways. Sciences. Receipts. Total. 1895

£10,102,050 £15,269,296 £1.523 £2,101 £260,694 £234,086 £3,876 £25,875,626 1896.

10,718,719 15,603,680 651 1.808 259,342 238,540 4,015 20,826,755 1897 10,901,094 16,103, 412 1,502 1,792 272,183 240.866

4,247

27,435,096 1898. 11,388,126 16,396,726 1.366 1,521 287,924 243,216

28,323,142

4,263

The following statement shows the oscillations of the national debt of the kingdom from 1748:

Annual Principal.

Charge. At the end of the Spanish War, 1748.

£75,812,132

£3,165,76.5 Decrease during eight years' peace.

1,237,107

412,199 At the commencement of the Seven Years' War, 1756.

74,575,025

2,753,566 Increase during the war..

58,141,024

2,279,167 At the Peace of Paris, 1763..

132,716,049

5,032.733 Decrease during twelve years' peace.

5,873,238

3:29,214 At the commencement of the American War, 177)..

126,812,811

4,703,519 Increase during the war..

116,220,334

4,837,737 At the end of the American War, 1784.

243,063,145

9,514,256 Decrease during the peace.

3,399,724

109,077 At the commencement of the French War, 1792..

239,663,421

9,432,179 Increase during the war...

297,989,587

10,836,372 At the Peace of Amiens, 18022.

:537,653,008

20,268,551 Increase during war with Napoleon..

323,386,041

12,377,067 At the Peace of Paris, 1815..

861,039,049

32,645,618 Decrease during forty years.

91,956,500

4,930,415 At commencement of Crimean War, 1854

769,082,549

27,715,203 Increase during the war..

39,026,173

834,836 Debt in 1857.

*08,108,722

28,550,039 Decrease since the Crimean War.

151,109,781

3,550,039 Debt on March 31, 1893..

656,998,941

25,000,000 Debt on March 31, 1898,

648,474,143

25,000,000 Debt on March 31, 1897.

640,773,679

25.000.000 Debt on March 31, 1898.

034,435,704

25,000,000

Agriculture.

The statement following shows the acreage in cereals and green crops in Great Britain and Ireland respectively :

GREAT BRITAIN.
Wheat. Barley. Oats. Beans. Peas. Potatoes. Turnips.
Year.
Acres.
Acres.

Acres. Acres. Acres. Acres. Acres. 3,630,300 2,287,987 2,596,384 559,044 310,547 520, 430 2,133,336 1,927,962 2,095,771 3,253, 401 244,180 243,043 504,454 1,956,573 1,417,483 2,166,279 3,296,063 242,665 209,0924 541.217 1,915,902 1,693,957 2,104,764 3,095, 488 251,076 196,561 563,741 1,883,118 1.887,805 2,035,249 3,034,999

228,912

190,656 504,914 1,833,145

1,756

LIVE STOCK IN 1897.

United England.

Wales, Scotland. Ireland. Kingdom.* Horses.

1,188,763

153,282
204,379

534,133 2,069,852 Cattle.

4,567,834

709,120 1,223,543 4,463,935 11,004,034 Sheep...

15,721,213 3,195,359 7,423,868 4,157,581 30,567,061 Pigs.

1,990,534
216,447

135,3:21 1,327, 226 3,682,819 The following facts are taken from Mulhall :

Since 1846 there has been a decline in acreage of nearly two millions, but this has been compensated by the increased pastoral industry. Below are shown the figures : Year. Grain. Green Crops. Pasture.

Total. 1846.

11,600,000
10,330,000
22,940,000

44,870,000 1895.

8,870,000
11,180,000
27,830,000

47,880,000 The average production of crops and meat for the three years 1893-4-5 was: Wheat, 1,249,000 tons; barley. 1.820,000 tons; oats, etc., 4,460,000 tons; potatoes, 6,100,000 tons; turnips, 30,300,000 tons; hay, 12,300,000 tons: meat, 1,100,000 tons.

Notwithstanding that the price of grain has fallen 40 per cent. since 1846, the gross value of farm products then was £218,000,000, as against £230,000,000, the average value for 1893-4-5. The following figures will show the relation between labor and production and the influence of machinery thereon: Year.

Hands.

Product, £'s. £'s Per Hand. 1816

3,519,000
218,000,000

02 1895.

2,527,000
230,000,000

91 From these figures it may be deduced that two men now produce in quantity what five did then. The fluctuations of agricultural capital are shown below in millions pounds sterling :

PIG IRON-PRODUCTION, EXPORTS, ETC.

1897.
1896.
1895.
1894.

1893.
Tons.
Tons.
Tons.
Tons.

Tons. Production of pig iron...

8,789, 155 8.659,681 7.89.5,675 7,364,745 6.829,341 Total exports of iron and steel.

3,700,000 3,552,286 2,838,149 2,649,998 2,856,574 Estimated home consumprion..

8,003,594 6,268,5:32 4,305.01.29 4,539,299 3,976,632 Stock of pig iron, December 31

885,000 1,200,000 1,500,000 1,043,178 868,730 Average price of Scotch warrants.

46s. 100. 4s, 5d.

42s. 8d. 42s. 4d. PRODUCTION OF BESSEMER INGOTS.

PRODUCTION OF OPEN-HEARTH STEEL INGOTS.
Year.
Gross Tons.

Year.

Gross Tons. 1885. 1,304,127 1885

583,918 IN 2,014,843 1890.

1,564,200 1,535,384 1894.

1,575,318 1995 1,535,225 1895.

1,724,737 1990, 1,815,842 1896.

2,317,555 1,884,155 1897.

2,601,806 IMPORTS, EXPORTS, CONSUMPTION, AND STOCK OF COTTON. The following shows the quantities of each description of cotton for 1897, in thousands of pounds, and the corresponding totals of previous years : 1897.

Import.

Export. Consumption. Stock Dec, 31. American

1,420.530

138,989
1,331,219

356,285 Brazilian.

17,300
1,004
15,286

3,017 Egyptian.

296,817
70.690
2:34,136

53,876 Peru, West Indian, ete,

8,951
3,163

7,247

4,816 East Indian, etc..

41,479
23,078
24,212

2,924 Total, 1897.

1,787,077
238,924
1,612,025

420,918 Total, 1896.

1,806,087

191.000
1,644,661

587,0:27 Total, 1895.

1,815,074

209,211
1,631,953

616,690 Total, 1894

1,834,5465

244,396
1,613,373

6+2,781 Total, 1893.

1,198,062

235,580
1,482,664

666,005

AVERAGE PRICE OF COTTON. Ellison & Co., of Liverpool, give the following estimate of the average price of cotton at that port for a series of years:

1897.
1896.

1895. 1891. 1893. 1892. 1891. 1890. 1889. 1888.
d.
d.
d.
d.
d.
d.
d.
d.
d.

d. Import. 47-16 434 43-16

53-16 4 13-16 5 5-16 5 13-16 5 11-16 5 17-32 Evrt. 47-16 4 11-16 43-16 4 5-16 51-16 411-16 4 15 16 55-16 548 47% Cinsumpt'n.. 45-16 444 458 53-16 4 13-16 55-16 5 15-16

5 19-32

534

WOOL. Helmuth, Swartze & Co., London, give the following statements of the supply, export, and consumption of wool in the United Kingdom: Domestic Imports of Wool,

Left for Clip. Alpaca, and

Total

Home ConEstimated Mohair.

Total.

Exports. sumption.
Year.

Lbs.
Lbs.
Lbs.
Lbs.

Lbs. 151.000.000 696,000,000 847,000,000 362,000,000 485,00*1.000 149,000,000 723,000,000 865,000,000 358,000,000 507.000.000 135,000,000 801,000,000 9365.000.000 425,000,000 510.000.000 136.000.000 136,000,000 872,000,000 352,000,000 521,000,000 139,000,000 767,000,000 906,000,000 411,000,000 495,000,000

FLAX, HEMP, AND JUTE.
The imports of these articles into the United Kingdom were as follows:
-Quantity

Value
Flax -- Dressed, undressed, and Tons. Tons. Tons.

£
€

€ Tow or Codilla of

1897.
1896.
1895.
1897.
1896.

1895. From Russia.

73,379 67,227 77,874 1,998,482 1,821,523 2 154,275 Germany

947
1,413 1.687

23,937
44,131

47.404 Holland.

2.751
5,301 131,918 140.346

188,695 Belgium.

20,715 22,270 16,484 1,024,206 1,078,219 849,856 Other countries..

1,101
1,505 1,276

24,641
32,754

341,610 Total...

98.802 95,199 102,622 3,203,184 3,117,316 3,270,840 Hemp-Dressed, undressed, and

Tow or Codilla of From Russia..

7,416 11.071 12.540 177,507 273,159 316,325 Germany 8,485 9,322 10,3.54

201,845 227.7 243,744
Italy
15,975 11.05 10,914

419,154
329,99

355,580
British East Indies.
6,77 5,569 4,999

94,614
89,891

78.031
Philippine Islands..
44.578 39.319 47,957 759,111

731,63 891,266 Other countries.. 6,575 15,411 11,187

111,228

197,721 Total......

89,906 91,717

97,951

1,763,459 1.951,486 2,087,367 Jute.........

336,919 310,649 392,025 4,142,610 4,167,992 4,358,036 Total of flax, hemp, and jute. 526,6:27 5:27,565 592,598 9,109,253 9,236,794 9,716,513 Fisheries. The quantity and value of fish, excluding shell fish, landed on the coast of the United Kingdom for the year 1897 were as follows: England and Wales, 397,260 tons, value £5,568,494 ; Scotland, 250,087 tons, value £1,627,622; Ireland, 40,918 tons, value £283,944; total United Kingdom, 688,263 tons, value £7,480,060; including shell fish, £7,907,569.

1890. 1891 1892 1893. 1894 1895. 1896. 1897

Imports and Exports. The merchandise imports and exports of Great Britain have been as follows for a series of years :

-Exports

Total
Foreign
British

Total Imports and
Year.

Imports. and Colonial. Produce. Exports. Exports.
£120,891,997 £64,721,533 £263,530,585 £328,252,118 £748,944,115

435,441,264 61,878,568 247,235,150 309,113,718 744,554,982
423,793,882 64,423,767 227, 138,270 291,640,166 715,434,048
404,688,178 58,878,552 218,259,718 277,138,270 681,828,448
408,344,810

57,780,230 216,005,637 273,785,867 682,130,677 416,689,658 59,704,161 226, 128,246 285,832,407 702,522,005 441,808,904 56,233,663 240,145,551 296,379,214 738,188,118 451,238,683 59,833,677 234,350,003 294,183,680 745, 422,363

CLASSES OF ARTICLES FOR TWELVE MONTHS ENDED DECEMBER 31.

Imports from foreign countries and British possessions (in thousands of pounds):

1897.

1890. Animals, living (for food).

£11,380 £10,438 (A.) Articles of food and drink, duty free.

151,550 147.000 (B.) Articles of food and drink, dutiable.

20,791 25,568 Tobacco, dutiable....

4,072

4,352 Metals...

21.265

20,492 Chemicals, dyestuffs, and tanning substances.

6,006

6,776 Oils..

7,641

8,459 Raw materials for textile manufactures.

70,263 74,757 Raw materials for sundry industries and manufactures.

52,085

47,241 Manufactured articles.

85,038 81,379 (A.) Miscellaneous articles.

14,139

14,330 (B.) Parcel post....

1.004

1.012 Total value...

£451,238 £441.808

1895. £8.966 140,242 25,058

3,353 18,656 6,358 8,111 70,769 44,024 75,601 14,367

978

£416,689

$793 11,062 18.298

101,377

Exports of British and Irish produce and manufactures (in thousands of pounds): Animals, living..

£1,133

£941 Articles of food and drink.

12,138 11,684 Raw materials...

20,140

17,687 Articles manufactured and partly manufactured, viz. : (A.) Yarns and textile fabrics..

996,618 105,329 (B.) Metals and articles manufactured therefrom (except machinery)...

31,487 33,549 (C.) Machinery and mill work.

16,282 17,014 (D.) Apparel and articles of personal use.

9,878

10,474 (E.) Chemicals, and chemical and medicinal preparations..

8,674

8,242 (F.) All other articles, either manufactured or partly manufactured...

32,939 33,552 (G.) Parcel post...

2,057

1,669 Total value...

£234,350 £240,145

28,856 15,150 9,307 8,288

31,387 1,337

£325,290

PRINCIPAL ARTICLES OF BRITISH IMPORT (IN 1,000's or £'s).

1894. £48,220 32,944 24,791

Grain and flour.
Cotton, raw.
Wool, sheep and lamb's.
Dead meat.
Sugar, raw and refined.
Butter and margarine.
Wood and timber.
Silk manufactures.
Flax, hemp, and jute.
Tea...
Woolen manufactures.
Animals...
Oils..
Chemicals, dyestuffs, etc.
Seeds.
Fruits and hops.
Currants and raisins.
Leather.
Wine..
Cheese

1893. £51,180

1895. £49,723 30,429 20.020 23,763 17,684 16,802 15,743 15,237

1890).
.£52,793

1897. £53,500