highly polished. In the manufacture of steel many processes are used. Some of them are called "The Siemens," "The Basic," "The Chenot," and "The Bessemer." Each process

THE STEEL FRAME OF A BUILDING

is used to make a steel suitable for a special use. Some of the things made of steel are knives, scissors, files, edge tools. Some of

the larger objects made of steel are artillery, guns, rails, shafting, and boiler plates. Buildings and ships are now being made of steel. Some of the high buildings in the large cities have the entire framework made of steel.

Gold and Silver

Every one has seen both gold and silver. Much of our money is made of gold and silver. We have silver dimes, quarters, half dollars,

and dollars. Gold is not used for

Gold is not used for money as commonly as silver. Our more valuable pieces of money are made of gold. The gold and silver are obtained from mines in the West. Some gold is found in the streams of water which flow from springs in the mountains. When the water carries the rock down from the mountains, it carries fine grains of gold also. Most of our valuable jewelry is made of gold. The gold is sent to mints to be made into money. One of the United States

mints is in Philadelphia.

Lead

The metal taken from this

It is

Lead is an ore. ore is a blue-gray color. It is very soft and heavy. When first cut, lead has a bright luster, but after being exposed to the air, it loses its luster and becomes dull. We use lead for making shot, pipes, and gutters. We also cover the roofs of buildings with lead. Water cisterns are lined with lead. The lead in the United States is mined in the far Western states.

Copper

Copper was one of the earliest metals in common use. The name copper comes from the Latin Cuprum, because of the large quantity of copper at one time found in the

island of Cyprus. Copper is quite hard. It is also elastic. When struck, it gives forth a loud noise. When heated, it can be rolled into very thin sheets, or drawn out into fine wire. Pans, kettles, and boilers are made of copper. The bottoms of ships are sheathed with copper. We get most of our copper from the copper mines in the western part of the United States.