liv

-

CONTENTS.

the King. Religious Mockery.-James deserted by his Army. And his Family.-De Foe's Account of the Alarm occasioned by the Flight of the Princess.-Some Skirmishing at Reading.-De Foe's Narrative of the Behaviour of the Irish there. The King leaves London in Disguise.-And Embarks for France.-Detected and brought to Feversham. -De Foe's Account of his Ill-usage there.-James Returns to London.-Leaves the Kingdom.-De Foe's Reflections. upon that Event.-James's Modern Admirers.-Causes of his Mis-government. His merciless Character.-Anecdote of his Perfidy.

144

CHAPTER X.

The Prince of Orange arrives in London.-Meeting of the Convention-Parliament.-Debates upon the Settlement of the Nation.-Difficulties started by James's Friends.-A Precedent taken from the History of Sweden.-Reason prevails over Authority.-Independent Conduct of the Prince.-De Foe present at the Debates.-His Remarks upon Political Oaths. He never owned King James.-The King Refutes the Political Theories of his Friends.-The Throne given to the Prince and Princess of Orange.--Settlement of the Oaths. Sophistical Distinction set up by the Clergy.—De Foe's Remarks upon it.-His Reflections upon the Objects of the Revolution.-He annually commemorates the Event. -His Residence at Tooting . 164

CHAPTER XI.

Accession of William and Mary.-Formation of a Ministry.-
The Convention turned into a Parliament.-Bill Enforcing
the Oaths.-Remarks upon the Measure.-Taken by the
Clergy, with Mental Reservations.-Rise of the Non-jurors.
-Burnet's Pastoral Letter.-Burnt by order of Parliament.
-Another Pamphlet Condemned at the same Time -The
King's Enlightened Sentiments upon Religious Liberty.--

CONTENTS.

His Designs in Favour of the Dissenters.-Defeated by the Parliament.-Act of Toleration.-Commemorated by De Foe. -Reflections upon the Act. The High Clergy Dissatisfied with it.-Bill for a Comprehension.-Defeated in the Commons.-The King's Ecclesiastical Commission.-Rendered Abortive by the Convocation.-Remarks upon its Failure. -Bigotry of South.-De Foe's Remarks upon Preachers of his Stamp.-Illustration of South's Politics.-Bill of Rights. -De Foe's Remarks upon it.-King and Queen Dine with the Lord Mayor.-Attended by De Foe.-Oldmixon's Account of the Procession

lv

176

CHAPTER XII.

Revival of Party Animosities.-Discordant Materials of the Ministry.-Imprudence of the Whigs.-Dissolution of Parliament. Change in the Ministry.-Tory Parliament.— Bribery Revived.-King James Invades Ireland.-Battle of the Boyne.-De Foe Satirizes the Jacobites.-Treasonable Designs of the Jacobites laid open in a Pamphlet.-Bishop Turner detected in a Plot.-Non-juring Clergy Deprived.Tillotson's Wise Conduct.-Temporizing Behaviour of the Swearing Clergy.-Case of Dr. Sherlock.-Account of Bishop Overall's Convocation Book.-De Foe's Remarks upon Sherlock's Casuistry.-Principles and Character of the Non-jurors.-Enumeration of their Principal Writers.Character of Sancroft.-Infatuation of Churchmen.-Venality of Public Men.-Disaffection to the Government. Character of Bishop Crewe.-Preparations for an Invasion.Battle of La Hogue

-

. 190

CHAPTER XIII.

De Foe's Mercantile Engagements.-Concerned in the Spanish and Portuguese Trade.-Makes a Voyage to Spain.-Loses a Vessel upon the Spanish Coast.-His Remarks upon the Inhospitality of his Countrymen.--He Trades to Holland.—

Visits France. And Germany.-Continues his Hose-agency. -Unsuited for Trade.-His Failure. Severity of the Bankrupt Laws.-De Foe's Remarks upon the Subject.-Causes of his Misfortunes. His Remarks upon Over-trading.Duped by the Fraudulent.-Privileged Places for Debtors. -Suppressed at his Suggestion.-He Exposes the Artifice of Projectors. Suffers from one of them.-His Remarks upon Commissions of Bankrupts.-Shifts to Retrieve Himself. His Fortitude in Suffering.-Honesty of Character.-Rewarded by the Confidence of his Creditors.-Anecdote of General Wood.-Testimony to De Foe's Integrity.-Account of his Residence in Bristol

. 207

CHAPTER XIV.

De Foe's Reflections in his Adversity.-Occupations during his Retirement.-Voyage to the World of Cartesius.-De Foe is offered a Settlement at Cadiz.—Which he Declines.His Account of himself at this Time. He Projects Ways and Means for the Government.-Is appointed Accountant to the Commissioners of Glass Duty.-Notice of Dalby Thomas.-De Foe's Connection with the Pantile-works at Tilbury. Sustains great Loss by their Failure.-Remarkable Occurrence during his Residence at Tilbury.-Retrievement of his Affairs.-Conjecture upon the Alteration of his Name

223

CHAPTER XV.

Disaffection to King William.-Treachery of his Ministers.-
Contentions with the Prerogative.-Correspondence with
James. His Discourse with the French King.—Louis's
Opinion of the English.-Change in the Ministry.-Death
of Queen Mary.-Her Character.-Death and Character of
Archbishop Tillotson.-His Place filled by Tennison.-De
Foe known to Queen Mary.-His Account of her Taste for
Gardening. And other Habits.-The Jacobites Elated at

CONTENTS.

her Death.-Circumstances favourable to William.-Corruption of Public Men

Ivii

232

CHAPTER XVI.

Massacre at Glenco.-Circumstances that gave rise to it.Misrepresented by Leslie and the Non-jurors.-Pamphlets respecting it.-A Commission of Inquiry appointed.-De Foe's Account of the Affair.-His Reflections upon it in the "Review."-Remarks upon the Perversion of History, by Modern Writers

245

CHAPTER XVII.

De Foe publishes his "Essay upon Projects."-Dedicates it to Dalby Thomas.-His Scheme for a National Bank.-For Improving the Roads.-For a Commission of Bankruptcy.For a Court-Merchant.-For Friendly Societies.-He originates Savings'-Banks.-Asylum for Idiots-Academy for the English Language.---Swift's Project of the same kind.— De Foe's Remarks upon the profane Custom of Swearing.Academies for Military Studies.-Office for registering Seamen.-Institution for the Education of Females.-His Remarks upon the Female Character.-Neglect of Education under the Stuarts.-Character of De Foe's Work.—Of Use to Franklin.-De Foe's other Projects.-Title of the Second Edition

256

CHAPTER XVIII.

Rise of the Controversy concerning Occasional Conformity Sir Humphrey Edwin carries the City Regalia to Pinners'Hall Meeting-house.-Disapproved by the Dissenters.-Dr. Nichols's Remarks upon it.-Gives rise to several Publications.-Libels upon the Lord Mayor.-Satirized in Swift's Tale of a Tub.-De Foe writes upon the Subject.-Account of his Pamphlet.-Reflections upon the Controversy

. 269

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CHAPTER XIX.

Peace of Ryswick.-Sentiments of Different Parties upon a Standing Army.-Resolution of Parliament.-Chagrin of the King. The Subject agitated in print.-Trenchard's Pamphlet. He is answered by De Foe.-Statement of his Argument. Remarks upon the Subject.-He publishes another Pamphlet . 277

CHAPTER XX.

Dissolute Morals of the Nation.-Discountenanced by the Court. And the Parliament.-Royal Proclamation upon the Subject.-Tennison's Instructions to the Clergy.-De Foe publishes his "Poor Man's Plea."-Account of that Work. His Rebuke to the Magistrates-And the Clergy.Anecdote of Captain Vratz.-Irreligion of the Clergy represented by another Writer.-De Foe's Zeal for Reformation. -Traduced by his Enemies.-His work commended in the Pulpit.-Bad Effects of the Stage.-Collier's Attack upon it.-King William's Order upon the Subject.-Rise of the Societies for Reformation of Manners.-De Foe's Account of their Success. His Zeal for the Observance of the Sabbath. Account of the Book of Sports."-Bigotry of Archbishop Sharp.- Publications in Behalf of the Reformation Societies

"

286

CHAPTER XXI.

Politics of England after the Peace of Ryswick.-Short History of the Last Parliament.-Merits of King William.-Character of his Fourth Parliament.-Declining Influence of the King. His Mortifications from the Parliament.-Intrigues to Supplant the Whigs.-The King and his Ministers attacked in Parliament.-Resumption of the Irish Grants.De Foe's Remarks upon that Measure.-Publications upon the Subject.-Account of Mr. Stephens's Sermon before the