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oath shall be subscribed by the person making the same, and shall be recorded in a book to be kept by the collector for that purpose. (R. S. 4180.)

The collector shall cause the vessel so built to be surveyed or measured, and the person by whom such measurement is made shall grant a certificate thereof, as in the case of a vessel to be registered, which certificate shall be countersigned by the builder, and by an owner or the master or person having the command or charge thereof, or by some other person being an agent for the owner thereof, in testimony of the truth of the particulars therein contained. (R. S. 4181.)

Form of Certificate of Record.

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A certificate of the record, attested under the hand and seal of the collector, shall be granted to the master of every such vessel, as nearly as may be, of the form following: "In pursuance of chapter one, Title XLVIII [R. S. 4131-4305], "REGULATION OF COMMERCE AND NAVIGATION," of the Revised Statutes of the United States, I, (inserting here the name of the collector of the district), of (inserting here the name of the district), in the United States, do certify that (inserting here the name of the builder), of (inserting here the place of his residence, county, and State), having sworn (or affirmed) that the (describing the ship or vessel, as in the certificate of record) named (inserting here her name), whereof (inserting here the name of the master) is, at present, master, was built at (inserting here the name of the place, county, and State where built), by him or under his direction, in the year (inserting here the number of the year); and (inserting here the name of the surveyor, or other person, by whom the measurement shall have been made) having certified that the said ship or vessel has (inserting here her number of decks), is in length (inserting here the number of feet), in breadth (inserting here the number of feet), in depth (inserting here the number of feet), and measures (inserting here the number of tons): And the said builder and (naming and describing the owner, or master, or agent for the owner or owners, as the case may be, by whom the said certificate shall have been countersigned) having agreed to the said description and admeasurement, the said vessel has been recorded, in the district of (inserting here the name of the district where recorded), in the United States. Witness my hand and seal this (inserting here the day of the month) day of (inserting here the name of the month), in the year (inserting here the number of the year)." Which certificate shall be recorded in the office of the collector, and a duplicate thereof transmitted to the Commissioner of Navigation to be recorded in his office. (R. S. 4182; July 5, 1884.)

Whenever the master or the name of a vessel so recorded is changed, the owner, part owner, or consignee of such vessel shall cause a memorandum thereof to be indorsed on the certificate of the record, by the collector of the district where such vessel may be, or at which she shall first arrive if such change took place in a foreign country; and a copy thereof shall be entered in the book of records, a transcript whereof shall be transmitted by the collector to the collector of the district where such certificate was granted, if not the

same person, who shall enter the same in his book of records, and forward a duplicate of such entry to the Commissioner of Navigation; and in such case, until the owner, part owner, or consignee shall cause the memorandum to be made by the collector, in the manner above prescribed, such vessel shall not be deemed a vessel recorded, in pursuance of this Title [R. S. 4131-4305]. (R. S. 4183; July 5, 1884.)

The master or other person having the command or charge of any vessel, recorded in pursuance of this Title [R. S. 4131-4305], shall, on entry of such vessel, produce the certificate of such record to the collector of the district where she is so entered; and in default thereof the vessel shall not be entitled to the privileges of a recorded vessel. (R. S. 4184.)

Offenses Against the Registry Law.

Every collector or officer who knowingly makes, or is concerned in making, any false register or record, or who knowingly grants or is concerned in granting, any false certificate of registry or record of or for any vessel, or any other false document whatever touching the same, contrary to the true intent and meaning of this Title [R. S. 4131-4305], or who designedly takes any other or greater fees than are by this Title allowed, or who receives any voluntary reward or gratuity for any of the services performed, pursuant thereto; and every surveyor or other person appointed to measure any vessel, who willfully delivers to any collector or naval officer (comptroller of customs) a false description of such vessel, to be registered or recorded, shall be punishable by a fine of one thousand dollars, and be rendered incapable of serving in any office of trust or profit under the United States. (R. S. 4187.)

If any person authorized and required by this Title [R. S. 41314305] to perform, as an officer, any act or thing willfully neglects to do or perform the same, according to the true intent and meaning of this Title, he shall, if not subject to the penalty and disqualification prescribed in the preceding section, be punishable by a fine of five hundred dollars for the first offense, and by a like fine for the second offense, and shall thenceforth be rendered incapable of holding any office of trust or profit under the United States. (R. S. 4188.)

Whenever any certificate of registry, enrollment, or license, or other record or document granted in lieu thereof, to any vessel, is knowingly and fraudulently obtained or used for any vessel not entitled to the benefit thereof, such vessel, with her tackle, apparel, and furniture, shall be liable to forfeiture. (R. S. 4189.)

No sea-letter or other document certifying or proving any vessel to be the property of a citizen of the United States shall be issued, except to vessels duly registered, or enrolled and licensed as vessels of the United States, or to vessels which shall be wholly owned by citizens of the United States, and furnished with or entitled to sealetters or other custom-house documents. (R. S. 4190.)

Every person who knowingly makes, utters, or publishes any false sea-letter, Mediterranean passport, or certificate of registry, or who knowingly avails himself of any such Mediterranean passport, sealetter, or certificate of registry, shall be liable to a penalty of not more than five thousand dollars, and, if an officer of the United States, shall thenceforth be incapable of holding any office of trust or profit under the authority of the United States. (R. S. 4191.)

Offenses Against Enrollment and License Laws.

Every collector, who knowingly makes any record of enrollment or license of any vessel, and every other officer, or person, appointed by or under them, who makes any record, or grants any certificate or other document whatever, contrary to the true intent and meaning of this Title [R. S. 4311-4390], or takes any other or greater fees than are by this Title allowed, or receives for any service performed pursuant to this Title, any reward or gratuity, and every surveyor, or other person appointed to measure vessels, who willfully delivers to any collector or naval officer a false description of any vessel, to be enrolled or licensed, in pursuance of this Title, shall be liable to a penalty of five hundred dollars, and be rendered incapable of serving in any office of trust or profit under the United States. (R. S. 4373.)

Every person, authorized and required by this Title [R. S. 43114390] to perform any act or thing as an officer, who willfully neglects or refuses to do and perform the same, according to the true intent and meaning of this Title, shall, if not subject to the penalty and disqualifications prescribed in the preceding section, be liable to a penalty of five hundred dollars for the first offense, and of a like sum for the second offense, and shall, after conviction for the second offense, be rendered incapable of holding any office of trust or profit under the United States. (R. S. 4374.)

Every person who forges, counterfeits, erases, alters, or falsifies any enrollment, license, certificate, permit, or other document, mentioned or required in this Title [R. S. 4311-4390], to be granted by any officer of the revenue, such person, so offending, shall be liable to a penalty of five hundred dollars. (R. S. 4375.)

Every person who assaults, resists, obstructs, or hinders any officer in the execution of any act or law relating to the enrollment, registry, or licensing of vessels, or of this Title [R. S. 4311-4390], or of any of the powers or authorities vested in him by any such act or law, shall, for every such offense, for which no other penalty is particularly provided, be liable to a penalty of five hundred dollars. (R. S. 4376.)

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All the officers of vessels of the United States who shall have charge of a watch, including pilots, shall in all cases be citizens of the United States. [Metlakahtla Indians excepted by act, March 4,

1907.] (R. S. 4131.)

The word "officers" shall include the chief engineer and each assistant engineer in charge of a watch on vessels propelled wholly or in part by steam; and after the first day of January, eighteen hundred and ninety-seven, no person shall be qualified to hold a license as a commander or watch officer of a merchant vessel of the United States who is not a native-born citizen, or whose naturalization as a citizen shall not have been fully completed. (May 28, 1896, sec. 1.)

In cases where on a foreign voyage, or on a voyage from an Atlantic to a Pacific port of the United States, any such vessel is for any reason deprived of the services of an officer below the grade of master, his place, or a vacancy caused by the promotion of another officer to such place, may be supplied by a person not a citizen of the United States until the first return of such vessel to its home port; and such vessel shall not be liable to any penalty or penal tax for such employment of an alien officer. (June 26, 1884, sec. 1; May 28, 1896, sec. 3. See p. 147.)

The President of the United States is hereby authorized, whenever in his discretion the needs of foreign commerce may require, to suspend by order, so far and for such length of time as he may deem desirable, the provisions of law prescribing that all the watch officers of vessels of the United States registered for foreign trade shall be citizens of the United States. (Aug. 18, 1914, sec. 2.)

Duration of Licenses.

All licenses issued to such officers shall be for a term of five years, but the holder of a license may have the same renewed for another five years in the manner prescribed in the rules and regulations of the Board of Supervising Inspectors: Provided, however, That any officer holding a license, and who is engaged in a service which necessitates his continuous absence from the United States, may make application in writing for renewal and transmit the same to the board of local inspectors, with his certificate of citizenship, if naturalized, and a statement of the applicant, verified before a consul or other officer of the United States authorized to administer an oath, setting forth the reasons for not appearing in person; and upon receiving the same the board of local inspectors that originally issued such license shall renew the same and shall notify the applicant of such renewal: Provided further, That no license as master, mate, or pilot of any class of vessel shall be renewed without fur

nishing a satisfactory certificate of examination as to color blindness. And in all cases where the issue is the suspension or revocation of such licenses, whether before the local boards of inspectors (of steam vessels), as provided for in section forty-four hundred and fifty of the Revised Statutes, or before the supervising inspector, as provided for in section forty-four hundred and fifty-two of the Revised Statutes, the accused shall be allowed to appear by counsel and to testify in his own behalf. (May 28, 1896, sec. 2; Oct. 22, 1914.)

Service During War.

No master, mate, pilot, or engineer of steam vessels licensed under title fifty-two [R. S., 4399-4500] of the Revised Statutes shall be liable to draft in time of war, except for the performance of duties such as required by his license; and, while performing such duties in the service of the United States, every such master, mate, pilot, or engineer shall be entitled to the highest rate of wages paid in the merchant marine. of the United States for similar services; and, if killed or wounded while performing such duties under the United States, they, or their heirs, or their legal representatives shall be entitled to all privileges accorded to soldiers and sailors serving in the Army and Navy, under the pension laws of the United States. (May 28, 1896, sec. 2.)

Officer's License.

The boards of local inspectors shall license and classify the masters, chief mates, and second and third mates, if in charge of a watch, engineers, and pilots of all steam vessels, and the masters of sail vessels of over seven hundred gross tons, and all other vessels of over one hundred gross tons carrying passengers for hire. It shall be unlawful to employ any person, or for any person to serve, as a master, chief mate, engineer, or pilot of any steamer or as master of any sail vessel of over seven hundred gross tons, or of any other vessel of over one hundred gross tons carrying passengers for hire, who is not licensed by the inspectors; and anyone violating this section shall be liable to a penalty of one hundred dollars for each offense. [See act June 9, 1910, p. 261.] (R. S. 4438; Dec. 21, 1898; Jan. 25, 1907; May 28, 1908, Sec. 2.)

Every master, mate, engineer, and pilot who shall receive a license shall, when employed upon any vessel, within forty-eight hours after going on duty, place his certificate of license, which shall be framed under glass, in some conspicuous place in such vessel, where it can be seen by passengers and others at all times: Provided, That in case of emergency such officer may be transferred to another vessel of the same owners for a period not exceeding forty-eight hours without the transfer of his license to such other vessel; and for every neglect to comply with this provision by any such master, mate, engineer, or pilot, he shall be subject to a fine of one hundred dollars, or to the revocation of his license. [See act June 9, 1910, p. 261.] (R. S. 4446; Feb. 19, 1907.)

Master's License.

Whenever any person applies to be licensed as master of any steam vessel, or of a sail vessel of over seven hundred tons, the inspectors shall make diligent inquiry as to his character, and shall carefully examine the applicant as well as the proofs which he presents in

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