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LAND OR SQUARE MEASURE.

Square measure is used in measuring land, and any other thing, where length and breadth are considered. The denominations are miles, acres, roods, perches, yards, feet and inches.

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35. 3 feet in length make a yard in long measure ; but it requires 3 feet in length and 3 feet in breadth to make a yard in square measure; 3 feet in length and one foot wide make square feet; 3 feet in length and 2 feet wide make 2 times 3, that is, 6 square feet; 3 feet in length and 3 feet wide make 3 times 3, that is, 9 square feet. This will clearly appear from the annexed figure.

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12 inches in length and 12 inches make 1 square foot. in breadth

9 square feet 3 X 3; that is, 3 feet in length and 3 feet in breadth 30+ square yards = 54 × 51, or 272† square feet 16 X 16,

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1 square yard.

S1 square rod,
perch or pole.
1 rood.

1 acre.
1 square mile.

Note. Gunter's chain, used in measuring land, is 4 rods in length. It consists of 100 links, each link being 7 inches in length; 25 links make 1 rod, long measure, and 625 square links make 1 square rod.

37. In 17 acres 3 roods 12 38. In 776457 square feet, rods, how many square feet? how many acres?

Note. In reducing rods to Note. Here we have 776457 feet, the. multiplier will be square feet to be divided by 2724. To multiply by, is to 2724. Reduce the divisor to take a fourth part of the mul-fourths, that is, to the lowest tiplicand. The principle is denomination contained in it; the same as shown T 34, then reduce the dividend to ex. 31.

39. Reduce 64 square miles

to square feet?

fourths, that is, to the same denomination, as shown T 34, ex. 32.

40. In 1,784,217,600 square feet, how many square miles? 41. There is a town 6 miles 42. Reduce 23040 acres to square; how many square square miles. miles in that town? how

many acres?

SOLID OR CUBIC MEASURE.

Solid or cubic measure is used in measuring things that have length, breadth, and thickness; such as timber, wood, stone, bales of goods, &c. The denominations are cords, tons, yards, feet, and inches.

36. It has been shown, that a square yard contains 3 X 39 square feet. A cubic yard is 3 feet long, 3 feet wide, and 3 feet thick. Were it 3 feet long, 3 feet wide, and one foot thick, it would contain 9 cubic feet; if 2 feet thick, it would contain 2 X 918 cubic feet; and, as it is 3 feet thick, it does contain 3 X 927 cubic feet. This

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will clearly appear from the annexed figure.

It is plain, also that a cubic foot, that is, a solid, 12 inches in length, 12 inches in breadth, and 12 inches in thickness, will contain 12 X 12 X 12 = 1728 solid or cubic inches.

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Note. What is called a cord foot, in measuring wood, is 16 solid feet; that is, 4 feet in length, 4 feet in width, and 1 foot in height, and 8 such feet, that is, 8 cord feet make 1 cord.

43. Reduce 9 tons of round timber to cubic inches.

45. In 37 cord feet of wood, how many solid feet?

47. Reduce 64 cord feet of wood to cords.

44. In 622080 cubic inches, how many tons of round timber?

46. In 592 solid feet of wood, how many cord feet? 48. In 8 cords of wood, how many cord feet?

50. 2048 solid feet of wood, how how many cord feet? how many cords?

49. In 16 cords of wood, how many cord feet? many solid feet?

WINE MEASURE.

Wine measure is used in measuring all spirituous liquors, ale and beer excepted; also vinegar and oil. The denominations are tuns, pipes, hogsheads, barrels, gallons, quarts, pints, and gills.

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Note. A gallon, wine measure, contains 231 cubic inches.

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ALE OR BEER MEASURE.

Ale or beer measure is used in measuring ale, beer, and milk. The denominations are hogsheads, barrels, gallons, quarts, and pints.

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Note. A gallon, beer measure, contains 282 cubic inches.

57. Reduce 47 bar. 18 gal.|

of ale to pints.

59. In 29 hhds. of beer, now many pints?

58. In 13680 pints of ale,

how many barrels ?

60. Reduce 12528 pints to hogsheads.

DRY MEASURE.

Dry measure is used in measuring all dry goods, such as grain, fruit, roots, salt, coal, &c. The denominations are chaldrons, bushels, pecks, quarts, and pints.

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Note. A gallon, dry measure, contains 2684 cubic inches. A Winchester bushel is 18 inches in diameter, 8 inches deep, and contains 2150 cubic inches.

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The denominations of time are years. months, weeks, days, hours, minutes, and seconds.

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¶ 37. The year is also divided into 12 calendar months, which, in the order of their succession, are numbered as follows, viz.

January, 1st month, has 31 days.

February,

2d,

28

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The number of days in each month may be easily fixed in the mind by committing to memory the following lines:

Thirty days hath September,
April, June, and November,
February twenty-eight alone;
All the rest have thirty-one.

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