Religions, Reasons and Gods: Essays in Cross-cultural Philosophy of ReligionCambridge University Press, 2006 M11 25 Traditional theistic proofs are often understood as evidence intended to compel belief in a divinity. John Clayton explores the surprisingly varied applications of such proofs in the work of philosophers and theologians from several periods and traditions, thinkers as varied as Ramanuja, al-Ghazali, Anselm, and Jefferson. He shows how the gradual disembedding of theistic proofs from their diverse and local religious contexts is concurrent with the development of natural theologies and atheism as social and intellectual options in early modern Europe and America. Clayton offers a fresh reading of the early modern history of philosophy and theology, arguing that awareness of such history, and the local uses of theistic argument, offer important ways of managing religious and cultural difference in the public sphere. He argues for the importance of historically grounded philosophy of religion to the field of religious studies and public debate on religious pluralism and cultural diversity. |
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Contenido
1 | |
13 | |
16 | |
Common ground and defensible difference | 58 |
Religions reasons and gods | 80 |
THEISTIC ARGUMENTS IN PREMODERN CONTEXTS | 99 |
Ramanuja Hume and comparativephilosophy remarks on the Sribhasya and the Dialogues concerning Natural Religion | 101 |
Piety and the proofs | 133 |
THEISTIC ARGUMENTS IN EARLYMODERN CONTEXTS | 181 |
The debate about God in earlymodern French philosophy | 184 |
The Enlightenment project and the debate about God in earlymodern German philosophy | 222 |
The debate about God in earlymodern British philosophy | 245 |
Beyond the Enlightenment project? | 292 |
The 1997 Hulsean Sermon | 310 |
Bibliography | 318 |
Index | 354 |
Términos y frases comunes
al-Ghazali Anselm apologetic atheism authority Bayle Bayle's belief Brahman Britain British Buddhist Cambridge Cartesian Carvaka cause Chapter Christian claims Clayton consensus contexts critical critique cultural d'Holbach darsanas debate defend Descartes design argument discourse disputation divine doctrine early-modern Enlightenment project enquiry essay faith foundationalist France Ghazali God's existence ground Hindu human Hume Hume's Dialogues Ibid Indian Philosophy inference intellectual interpretation Islamic Jaina Kant Kant's knowledge Leibniz London means mediaeval Mendelssohn metaphysical modern moral Muslim Naiyayikas nastika Natural Religion natural theology Nyaya Nyaya-Vaisesika ontological ontological argument orthodox Oxford Paley Paley's particular perspective Philo philosophy of religion pluralism position possible Priestley principles proof a priori Proslogion Psalm Qur'an Ramanuja rational religious traditions Samkhya scepticism scholastic scripture sense seventeenth Spinoza Sribhasya Stanton Lectures strategy theistic arguments theistic proofs theologians Thomas Jefferson thought tradition-specific trans Udayana University Vaisesika Vedic vols Whewell William Paley writings
Pasajes populares
Página 97 - Soon as the evening shades prevail, The moon takes up the wondrous tale, And nightly to the list'ning earth Repeats the story of her birth ; Whilst all the stars that round her burn, And all the planets in their turn, Confirm the tidings as they roll, And spread the truth from pole to pole.
Página 110 - When we run over libraries, persuaded of these principles, what havoc must we make? If we take in our hand any volume; of divinity or school metaphysics, for instance; let us ask, Does it contain any abstract reasoning concerning quantity or number? No. Does it contain any experimental reasoning concerning matter of fact and existence? No. Commit it then to the flames: For it can contain nothing but sophistry and illusion.
Página 96 - The heavens are telling the glory of God; and the firmament proclaims his handiwork. Day to day pours forth speech, and night to night declares knowledge. There is no speech, nor are there words; their voice is not heard; yet their voice goes out through all the earth, and their words to the end of the world.
Página 116 - Look round the world : contemplate the whole and every part of it : You will find it to be nothing but one great machine, subdivided into an infinite number of lesser machines, which again admit of subdivisions to a degree beyond what human senses and faculties can trace and explain. All these various machines, and even their most minute parts, are adjusted to each other with an accuracy which ravishes into admiration all men who have ever contemplated them.
Página 112 - Thus, suppose, all authors, in all languages, agree, that, from the first of January 1600, there was a total darkness over the whole earth for eight days: suppose that the tradition of this extraordinary event is still strong and lively among the people: that all travellers, who return from foreign countries, bring us accounts of the same tradition, without the least variation or...
Página 273 - THE spacious firmament on high, With all the blue ethereal sky, And spangled heav'ns a shining frame, Their great original proclaim: Th...
Página 97 - Two things fill the mind with ever new and increasing admiration and awe, the oftener and the more steadily we reflect on them: the starry heavens above and the moral law within.
Página 273 - What though, in solemn silence, all Move round the dark terrestrial ball; What though no real voice nor sound Amid their radiant orbs be found; In reason's ear they all rejoice, And utter forth a glorious voice, For ever singing as they shine, The hand that made us is divine.
Página 22 - HERE WAS BURIED THOMAS JEFFERSON, Author of the Declaration of American Independence, Of the Statute of Virginia for Religious Freedom, And Father of the University of Virginia ; because by these, as testimonials that I have lived, I wish most to be remembered.
Página 62 - Religion is well supported; of various kinds indeed, but all good enough; all sufficient to preserve peace and order: or if a sect arises whose tenets would subvert morals, good sense has fair play, and reasons and laughs it out of doors, without suffering the state to be troubled 395 with it.