nations in different ages of the world, are very striking, and lead one to reflect what may be the future state of some now obscure corner of New Holland, or of North America; since our own Island was known only for its tin mines, by the most celebrated of ancient nations, whose descendants, in turn, rank no higher with us, than as dealers in figs and currants.

Our Author had heard of the CELTE, who lived beyond the columns of Hercules, and bordered on the CYNESIÆ, or CYNETÆ, the most remote of all the nations, who inhabited the western part of Europe; Euterpe, 33, and Melpom. 49. Who the latter were intended for, we know not.

The Danube is

said to spring from amongst the CELTE, so that, if he knew the true position of its source, he must have meant to include the inhabitants of Western Europe, generally, under one denomination of CELTÆ; and which might probably have been correct, at that day 1.

Italy, or part of it, he designs under the name of Enotria, on occasion of the retreat, and settlement of the Phocæans of Iönia there 2. Umbria and

3

'The place of its source is said to be named Pyrene; Euterpe, 33.

1 It seems as if Diodorus regarded as Scythians all those situated to the eastward of the Celts; lib. v. c. 2. We shall have to remark the same of Pliny.

2 Clio, 167. They first settled in the Enussæan Islands adjacent to Chios; thence they proceeded to Cyrnus (Corsica), where they had previously founded a city named Alalia; and finally to Enotria, where they built the city of Hyela, in the tract between Pæstum and Cape Palinurus.

3 Umbria was the seat of the Tyrrhenians, from whence the

Liguria, in the north of Italy, as well as Tarentum, Crotona, Sybaris, &c. in the south, (or Magna Græcia,) are mentioned by him. He moreover resided a considerable time at Thurium, a Grecian colony, situated near to, or on the site of, Sybaris.

He mentions occasionally most of the larger islands of the Mediterranean, as Sicily, Crete, Sardinia, Cyprus, Corsica, but is silent concerning Rome: and considering that at the probable date of his history the Romans were confined to the centre of Italy; had hardly taken Veii; and had not appeared in fleets on the Mediterranean; what was there for a Grecian to remark concerning them? Spain, under the name of Iberia, is mentioned, as well as Tartessus, near Cadiz: but his acknowledging that he had not been able to meet with people who could give him any description of the Euro

adjacent sea was sometimes denominated. The Tyrrhenians were a colony from Lydia, who migrated on occasion of a famine. They settled in Umbria, called also Etruria, (now Tuscany,) and changed their ancient appellation of Lydians for that of Tyrrhenians, after Tyrrhenus, the son of their former sovereign, who conducted them; Clio, 94. In c. 166, the Tyrrhenian fleet, in conjunction with that of Carthage, attack the Phocæan fleet of Cyrnus.

That is, Sicily under the name of Sicania; Polym. 170: Corsica under that of Cyrnus; Clio, 165.

Arrian, in his History of the Expedition of Alexander, lib. vii. c. 1, speaking of the future plans of that conqueror, after his return from India, says, that a report prevailed, amongst others, that he intended "to sail round Sicily, by the Promontory of Japygium for then it was that the Roman name began to spread far and wide, and gave him much umbrage." This was much more than a century after the date of our Author's history.

pean seas, appears decisive of his want of knowledge of the western side of Europe.

He remarks that the Danube passes through the centre of Europe, and afterwards by an oblique course enters Scythia; Melpom. 49. This description is just, for its general course does really divide the central parts of Europe in the midst; and having arrived in the neighbourhood of the Euxine, it takes a sudden turn to the north-east, towards Scythia.

He appears to have had a very indistinct idea of the tract between the Adriatic sea and the Danube. The Eneti, (Heneti or Veneti,) Terp. 9, are said to border on the Adriatic, and the Sigynæ to have extended to their neighbourhood. But the context, as it stands, appears contradictory; for the Sigynæ are said to lie beyond the Danube, and yet to extend almost to the Eneti on the Adriatic. The passage alluded to alluded to is as follows:

"With respect to the more northern parts of this region (Thrace) and its inhabitants, nothing has been yet decisively ascertained. What lies beyond the Ister, is a vast and almost endless space. The whole of this, as far as I am able to learn, is inhabited by the Sigynæ, a people who in dress resemble the Medes; their horses are low in stature, and of a feeble make, but their hair grows to the length of 5 digits: they are not able to carry a man, but, yoked to a carriage, are remarkable for their swiftness; for which reason carriages are here very

The Eneti, in Clio, 196, are said to be of Illyrian origin.

common. The confines of this people extend almost to the Eneti on the Adriatic. They call themselves a colony of Medes."-Terp. 9. Now he had been speaking of Thrace, and of its northern part, concerning which nothing decisive had been ascertained; and after this he introduces the country north of the Danube, as a vast and almost endless space; and says that it is inhabited by the Sigynæ, who extend almost to the Adriatic. May it not be suspected, that the sentence respecting the country beyond the Danube is misplaced altogether; and that the Author intended to say that "the Sigynæ inhabited the northern part of Thrace," which lay, however, on the south or Grecian side of the Danube ?

Thrace included a considerable tract of Europe in early times, but not to the extent that the expression of Herodotus would lead us to expect. 66 THRACE," says he, "next to INDIA, is the most considerable;" Terp. 3. But as this country is confined on the east and south by the sea, and on the north by the Danube; and as Macedonia and Pæonia are mentioned by our Author as distinct countries, the extent of Thrace, even allowing it to extend into Dardania and Moesia, must be much more circumscribed than the idea of our Author allows. It has, however, more extended limits in his geography than in that of succeeding authors; and perhaps might have included most of the space along the south of the Danube, between the Euxine and Istria; meeting the borders of Macedonia, Pæonia, &c. on the south: and the Sigynæ above mentioned might have occu

pied the N.W. quarter; the modern Servia, Bosnia, and Croatia".

The inhabitants of the N.E. angle of Thrace formed by the Euxine and the oblique course of the Danube, are the Geta of our Author. They were reduced by Darius Hystaspes in his way to Scythia, and are classed as Thracians; Melpom. 93. Herodotus observes generally of the Thracians, that "if they were either under the government of an individual, or united amongst themselves, their strength would render them invincible: but this is a thing impossible, and they are of course but feeble. Each different district has a different appellation; but except the Getæ, the Trausi, and those beyond Crestona, they are marked by a general similitude of manners;" Terp. 3.

7

Signia is a position, in ancient geography, on the Adriatic towards the ancient seats of the Veneti. Query, has it any connection with the Sigyne of our Author?

8

Subsequent authors place the Geta on the north of the Danube, and in Moldavia.

9

Crestona, or Crestonia, lay between Mygdonia and Sintica, and may be reckoned the eastern frontier of Macedonia, towards Thrace. The river Chidorus, which discharges itself into the Axius, near Pella, rises in Crestona, and flows through Mygdonia; Polymnia, c. 124, 127.

In Clio, 57, the Crestonians are said to be a remnant of Pelasgians, situated beyond the Tyrrhenians, but who formerly dwelt in the country afterwards named Thessaly, and were neighbours to the Dorians.

It may be suspected that Tyrrhenian is a mistake, and that Thermaan should be substituted for it; as Therma, afterwards Thessalonia, agrees to the situation. Therma and its gulf are mentioned in Polym. 121, 123, 124. We have heard of no Tyrrhenians, but those of Italy.