Exercise 24. (a) Pick out the Objects of the Verbs.

1. Soldiers fight battles. 2. Mary minds the baby. 3. Job showed patience. 4. Moses possessed meekness. 5. Ravens fed Elijah. 6. Romulus founded Rome. 7. The horse draws

the wagon.

8. Birds build nests. 9. Cats drink milk.

10. Dogs gnaw bones.

(b) Pick out the Subjects and the Objects of the Verbs in Exercise 22.

23. The parts of the Verb be, which do not tell of doing, usually do not make complete sense when joined to Nouns. If I say, "The boy is," "Jennie was," "The strangers are," you naturally ask, "Is, was, are, what?' The sense is complete if I say, "The boy is an Indian,” "Jennie was afraid," "The strangers are sailors.'

NOTE. When, however, the Verb be is used with the meaning exist, it makes complete sense after a Noun. Thus when we hear the words "God is " (meaning "God exists or has being "), we do not expect any word to be added to finish the sentence.

24. In the sentences, "Cats are animals," "The dog is brave," the words animals and brave are used to complete the meaning of are and is.

25. A word used to complete the meaning of some part of the Verb be is called an Attribute. It may be a Noun, but very often is not a Noun.

Exercise 25. -(a) Pick out the Attributes in the following.

1. Grass is green. 2. The stars are beautiful. 3. The paper is white. 4. Horses are animals. 5. The boy is a

mischief-maker. 6. The books were expensive. 7. Cows are quadrupeds. 8. Grammar is a study. 9. Mr. Brown is a bookkeeper. 10. The piano is old.

Additional sentences, Exercise 23 (a).

(b) Fill the blanks in these sentences with Attributes.

26. Only a Verb that tells of doing or acting may have an Object. The Verb be cannot have an Object. If I say, "My father is a banker," I do not say he is doing anything, and banker is not an Object.

Exercise 26.

(a) Say which words are Attributes and which are Objects in the following sentences.

1. The stool is four-legged. 2. The lamp is new. 3. I eat sugar. 4. The picture is beautiful. 5. The boy found the apple. 6. John saw father. 7. We are ready. 8. The girl broke the dish. 9. John was the driver. 10. Henry saw the driver. 11. Books are useful. 12. The tailor is busy. 13. The tailor made the coat. 14. The basket was empty. 15. The boys emptied the basket. 16. The house is afire. 17. The Hudson is a river. 18. We saw the Hudson. 19. The plates are chinaware. 20. The girl smashed the chinaware.

(b) Fill the blanks in the following sentences with Objects or Attributes.

last week. 6. Henry bought some

...

8. I want the . . 9. Give Mary her

than Ada.

(c) Pick out the Subjects in the sentences of group (a).

AUXILIARY OR HELPING VERBS

27. Some part of the Verb be is often used to help another Verb to tell of doing. The two words together form one Verb.

Verb consisting of one word.

The horse trots.

The snow fell fast.

Violets grow there.

Verb consisting of two words.

The horse is trotting.

The snow was falling fast.
Violets are growing there.

Exercise 27. Pick out the Verbs in the following sen

tences.

28. Some of the parts of the Verb have are: have, has, had.

Exercise 28. (a) In the following sentences pick out the Verbs.

1. The pony has a lame foot. 2. Each scholar has a pen. 3. The girls have necklaces. 4. The farmer had nine horses.

5. Those houses have large windows. 6. Each wife had seven sacks. 7. Frank has time enough.

(b) Fill the following blanks with parts of the Verb

have.

...

1. Each girl.... an apple. 2. George.. a birthday yesterday. 3. The farmers. too much rain last year. 4. Sep

tember

thirty days.

5. The little man

a little

a great army. 7. The men

29. (a) The Verb have is often used like the Verb be in helping another Verb.

Verb consisting of one word.

Mr. Dobbs sold the picture.
The child lost his way.
Robert broke his knife.

Verb consisting of two words. Mr. Dobbs has sold the picture. The child had lost his way. Robert has broken his knife.

(b) The Verb have is used with the Verb be.

Verb consisting of one word.

My uncle was in Boston.
The men were in the street.
The chair was white.

Verb consisting of two words.

My uncle has been in Boston.
The men have been in the street.
The chair has been white.

Exercise 29. Pick out the Verbs in the following sen

tences.

(a) 1. The boys helped the fire- The boys have helped the fire

men.

2. The ink spoiled the dress. 3. The tailor altered the coat.

4. The dogs chased a rabbit. 5. The lad walked to Boston. 6. We saw your aunt.

men.

The ink has spoiled the dress.
The tailor has altered the coat.

The dogs have chased a rabbit.
The lad had walked to Boston.
We have seen your aunt.

(b) 1. My mother was at home. | My mother has been at home. 2. Our cousins were here.

3. The horse was in the

field.

4. The cows are lost.
5. The river is very full.

6. The box was on the table.

Our cousins have been here.
The horse had been in the field.

The cows have been lost.
The river has been very full.
The box has been on the table.

30. The Verb have and the Verb be are sometimes used together in helping another Verb; as, "Mary has been reading"; "The mowers have been cutting the hay"; "The butcher had been buying sheep."

Exercise 30. Pick out the Verbs in the following sentences.

1. The sun has been shining. 2. The farmer has been looking at his corn. 3. The boys have been playing marbles. 4. The horse has been standing under a tree. 5. This man has been shooting rabbits. 6. The baby had been screaming. 7. Your father has been talking about you. 8. The molecatchers have been setting traps. 9. Those two rough boys had been fighting. 10. The men had been working long.

31. The Verb be is often used in helping another Verb to tell what is done to some person or thing; as, "The window was cracked with a stone"; "The poor fellow's arm is broken"; "The tramps were bitten by the dogs."

32. In these, as in other cases, the Verb have may be used with the Verb be; thus, "The thief has been caught"; "The houses have been sold"; "The sugar had been wasted.”

Exercise 31.-Pick out the Verbs in the following sentences.

1. Jack was kicked by the horse. 2. The letter was written by Tom. 3. Jane's apron is stained with ink. 4. The lion was shot by the hunters. 5. The girl was stung by a wasp.