Exercise 44.-State the Subjects and the Predicates of the following imperative sentences.

1. Listen. 2. Obey me. once. 5. Remember this. 8. Come ye to the waters.

3. Run quickly. 4. Halt at 6. Be ready. 7. Do be still. 9. Do thou likewise. 10. Come all. 11. Give me the ink. 12. Do not tell that to John.

Exercise 45. Tell whether the following sentences are declarative, interrogative, or imperative, and state the Subjects and the Predicates.

1. Here is a box. 2. Hand me the cheese. 3. The plant is growing tall. 4. Was it planted lately? 5. The poplar

tree has been blown down. 7. Will you bring an axe? you know this street?

10.

6. It should be chopped to pieces.

8. Bring the sharp axe. 9. Do You show me the way. 11. Would you have supposed it? 12. Might not William have a piece?

Additional sentences: Exercises 35, 36, 37.

52. When I say, "How beautiful this rose is!" I really make a statement, but it is an emphatic statement, or an exclamation. Such a sentence is called an exclamatory sentence.1 We state the Subject and Predicate of an exclamatory sentence thus:

Exercise 46. State the Subjects and the Predicates of the following exclamatory sentences.

1. How tall you are! 2. What white teeth she has! 3. What a fine horse that is! 4. How good this apple is!

1 Sometimes an imperative or an interrogative sentence may be exclamatory; as, "Hurry!" "Are you crazy!" But it is better to call such sentences simply imperative, or interrogative.

5. How I could hug you for that! 6. What strong fellows they are! 7. What large ears you have! 8. How bright your eyes are! 9. Such feathery snow it is! 10. You are so good to me!

ANALYSIS AND DIAGRAMING

Read again paragraph 47.

53. Every Predicate has a Subject, but not every Predicate contains an Object or an Attribute.

Take the sentence, "Mr. Perkins arrived yesterday." Now if we ask 1 "arrived what?" there is no answer; the question has no sense. Therefore this sentence contains no Object.

Exercise 47. Pick out the Verbs which have Objects.

1. John is writing a letter. 2. The window has been broken. 3. The child was sleeping. 4. The cook made a pudding. 5. The fire is burning brightly. 6. The soldier was wounded in the arm. 7. The girl has found her father. 8. I am writing with ink. 9. She met her friend at the fair. 10. Mr. Jones lives in San Francisco.

54. The same Verb may have an Object in one sentence and no Object in another; thus:

William is reading.

therefore no Object.

66

"Is reading what?" No answer;

William is reading a story. "Is reading what?" A story; therefore an Object, story.

Exercise 48. Pick out the sentences which contain Objects.

1. Harriet is reading "Robinson Crusoe." Harriet is reading. 2. The sleet was beating against the window. The driver was beating his horse. 3. The waves broke on the shore. The postman broke his arm. Doctors formerly bled

1 See paragraph 22, second part.

their patients. The wound bled freely. 5. Ellen is playing with her doll. Susan is playing the piano. 6. The wet ground is drying. The sun is drying the wet ground. 7. The fire was burning brightly. The fire was burning the carpet. 8. The horses are running. The horses are running a race.

55. We have learned two uses of the Verb be. The meaning of the Verb be may be completed by an Attribute, as in the sentences, "Oranges are fruit," "The apples were ripe." (See paragraph 25.) But the parts of the Verb be may be used merely to help some other Verb. (See paragraphs 27 and 31.) Thus, in the sentences, “The apples were eaten," "The boys are coming," eaten and coming are not Attributes, but parts of the Verb.

56. We must notice, therefore, when be is merely an Auxiliary or helping Verb,1 and when it is a principal Verb followed by an Attribute.

Exercise 49. Say when some part of be is used as an Auxiliary Verb, and when it is used as a principal Verb followed by an Attribute.

1. The doctor was wrong. 2. The paste has been wasted. 3. The boys are singing a song. 4. The teacher has been writing. 5. The blackboard is clean. 6. The blackboard has been cleaned. 7. Has the book been lost? 8. Was the book expensive? 9. Be ready. 10. Be reading. 11. Could you have been right? 12. The men should have been arrested. 13. The women were sewing coats. 14. The toys are broken.

57. When we separate a sentence into its different parts, we are said to analyze the sentence. Thus, when in Exercises 40, 42, etc., we separated the Subjects from the Predi cates, we analyzed the sentences. The parts or units that make up a sentence are called its elements.

1 See paragraphs 38, 39.

58. A good way to show the parts or elements of a sentence is to make a diagram1 of it. Thus, the sentence, "The man wrote the letter" may be diagramed:

the man wrote the letter

59. In making a diagram, always draw first a straight line, and above this write the Subject and the Predicate, separating them by a vertical line crossing the first line.

60. If the Verb in the Predicate has an Object, separate it from the Object by a light vertical line not crossing the horizontal line. If the Predicate consists of some part of the Verb be and an Attribute, separate the Verb and the Attribute by a dash; thus:

Exercise 50. Diagram the following sentences according to the directions just given.

(a) 1. Horses gallop. 2. The boys are coming. 3. Are the clouds rising? 4. The dogs barked. 5. Was the chair broken? 6. The flag could have been seen. 7. The bananas should have

been eaten.

(b) 8. John saw the doctor. 9. The fire burned the letter. 10. The lamp lights the room. 11. The girl sews a seam. 12. Did the boy have trouble? 13. Bring the ice-water. 14. Did the blacksmith shoe the horse?

(c) 15. The book is cheap. 16. Are the apples ripe? 17. Is John the boy? 18. Be quiet. 19. Are you sorry? 20. Have you been sick? 21. How tall you are!

1 See "Notes for Teachers," p. 164, Note 7.

(d) 22. The air chilled the soldiers. 23. The day was cold. 24. The vase fell. 25. The boys were running. 26. The paper was yellow. 27. The Times is a newspaper. 28. Do you want a pen? 29. Hand the peaches. 30. Will you be ready?

Additional sentences: Those given or referred to in Exercises 40, 43, 45, 47, 48, 49.

REVIEW

Learn again

A Noun is a word used as the name of something. Proper Nouns are the names of particular persons, animals, places, or things.

Common Nouns are the names of kinds of persons or things.

A Verb is a word used to tell something to or about a person or thing.

A Verb showing action may require an Object to complete its meaning.

The Verb be may require an Attribute to complete its meaning.

Verbs used in helping other Verbs are called Auxiliary Verbs. The following are the Auxiliary Verbs: be, have, do, shall, will, may, can, must, and their parts.

A Sentence is the statement of a thought in words.
Every Sentence has a Subject and a Predicate.

The Predicate is a Verb, or a Verb and other words, used in making the statement.

The Subject is the word or words denoting the person or thing spoken to or about in the Predicate. The Subject is found by asking who? or what? before the Predicate.