day. 7. After residing at the north for some years, he was called to London by a friend and whom he had formed the acquaintance of at Cambridge. PRINCIPLE V.-Participles. EXAMPLE. Rising from these elevated table-lands, the traveller will see lofty ranges of granite mountains. We instantly query whether it is the traveller that rises, or the ranges. Which word is limited by the participle? Supposing it to be ranges, we may correct thus: The traveller will see lofty ranges of granite mountains rising from these elevated table-lands; or, Rising from these elevated table-lands are lofty ranges of granite mountains. PRINCIPLE.-Indicate clearly the use of participles. Like relative pronouns they should stand as near as possible to the noun to which they refer. Do not rely upon the punctuation to make an obscure passage clear. Exercise 40.- Correct all faulty examples. Explain fully. 1. Rosamond threw herself on her face the moment she saw the dog trembling from head to foot. 2. A boy named Bertram, while driving a horse, was kicked in the mouth by the animal, knocking out his front teeth. 3. I saw four white cows sitting on the steps. 4. There are numberless canals bordered with willows covered with sails. 5. Scrooge followed to the window, desperate in his curiosity. 6. These islands are the residence of wild fowl composed of rock with a slight covering of herbage. 7. A pocket-book was found by a boy made of leather. 8. She walked with a lamp across the room still burning. 9. A yoke of oxen was bought at auction by a farmer of Reading weighing at least 2,500 pounds. 10. Turning my eyes toward him, he began to play upon the instrument in his hand. 11. Hoping to hear from you soon, believe me truly yours. 12. The hotel was full of guests, badly built, very combustible, and unprovided with means of escape. 13. On raising the window, the mouse ran out through the wires of the cage. 14. The father and brother of a handsome and highly accomplished girl in Boston had long treated her cruelly, she said, and having fallen in love with a young man, expected soon to marry him. 15. The train consisted of four coaches, one mail and one express car, with seventy-five passengers aboard, carrying the mail and $8,000 of silver in the express safe. PRINCIPLE VI.-Phrases and Adverb Clauses. EXAMPLE. He was driving away from the church where he had been married in a coach and six. Was he married in a coach and six? It seems to say So. But as that is absurd, it must mean that he was driving away in a coach and six. To say this clearly we have merely to change the position of the phrase, thus: He was driving away in a coach and six from the church where he had been married. PRINCIPLE. Place phrases and adverb clauses in such a position as clearly to give the meaning. Exercise 41.-Correct the faulty examples. Explain fully. 1. This stone is erected to the memory of Thomas Faulkner, who was accidentally shot, by his brother as a token of his affection. 2. He went to town driving a flock of sheep on horseback. 3. The bill of fare was not so good as it should have been after the friends of the institution decreased. 4. Miss Kellogg received $1,000 for singing two ballads, and a superb bracelet of diamonds and rubies. 5. She listened to the prophecy he told her with great care. 6. Our house was built by a queer old gentleman with seven gables. 7. A young woman died yesterday not far from where I was preaching in a beastly state of intoxication. 8. The ghost told Hamlet that he had been murdered while sleeping in the garden by his brother. 9. A letter was written by Mary Queen of Scots to be delivered to Elizabeth after she was executed at her own request. 10. There will therefore be two trials in this town at that time, for crimes which are punishable with death, if a full court should attend. 11. Andrew Smyth has been sent to the Reform School on account of disorderly conduct for a term of three years. 12. For sale: A first-class piano, the property of a young gentleman about to travel, with a rosewood case and carved legs. 13. A little mouse that had lived for years in the residence of a rich merchant who lived in Africa, without being caught by the cat, began to have a very good opinion of herself. 14. The plump landlord stood leaning against the doorway with both hands in his pockets down stairs. 15. He was stabbed with his own dagger which he had drawn in a quarrel at the early age of thirty. 16. She was buried from St. Thomas's Church of which she was a life-long member Wednesday forenoon. 17. I saw an old woman knitting with a Roman nose. 18. Eight shots were fired by those that were placed to watch the house without effect. 19. In Swiggs County, Georgia, the other day a deer was killed running with a railroad shovel in the hands of one of the workmen. PRINCIPLE VII. - Unnecessary Repetition. EXAMPLE.-God is eternal, and his existence is without beginning and without end. The italicized expression has the same meaning as eternal. It is therefore superfluous, and should be omitted. If, however, it is not intended as an additional thought, but as an explanation of eternal, or an emphatic way of re-stating the same thought, then the and should be omitted. PRINCIPLE.-Avoid all unnecessary and unpleasant repetition either of sound or sense. Exercise 42.- Correct all faulty examples. 1. He had the entire monopoly of the whole trade in salt. 2. Charles has his pockets full of a great many apples. 3. This play abounds in a great many laughable scenes. 4. The names of our forefathers who came before us should be held in reverence. 5. The man of the foretold prophecy had at last appeared. 6. It is a great pity that writings should be written in this manner. 7. The man had an immense great big chart. 8. He is a royal messenger sent by the king. 9. He is the universal favorite of all that know him. 10. O cold, cold, rigid, dreadful Death, set up thine altar here, and dress it with such terrors as thou hast at thy command. 11. Many hard and trying difficulties are in his path. 12. She was necessarily obliged to communicate it to her parents. 13. I spent some time in thinking of this scene, and the other things I had seen. 14. The shores are inhabited by warlike and hostile enemies. 15. Come to-morrow at eight o'clock P.M. in the afternoon. 16. She was a wealthy widow lady. 17. It was well lighted up with brilliant lights. 18. At the police station he was recognized as an old offender, and was afterward sentenced to a term in State Prison a few weeks later. . PRINCIPLE VIII.— Fine Effect of Repetition. PRINCIPLE.-Do not hesitate to repeat, if by repetition the thought can be expressed more clearly or more vigorously. The following examples illustrate the fine effect of repetition. 1. The lad cannot leave his father, for if the lad should leave his father, his father would die. 2. But it was a provision honorably made and honorably bestowed. 3. By foreign hands thy dying eyes were closed, 5. By foreign hands thy humble grave adorned, 4. He sung Darius great and good, By too severe a fate, Fallen, fallen, fallen, fallen, Fallen from his high estate And weltering in his blood. But not to me returns PRINCIPLE IX.- Omission. PRINCIPLE.- Ambiguity is often caused by the omission of the relative, of the preposition, of the verb after than or as, of the conjunction that, etc. 1. He likes me better than you. Say, better than you do, or better than he likes you. 2. Don't forget the youth was the greater fool of the two, and the master served such a booby rightly in turning him out of doors. Say, Don't forget that the youth was the greater fool of the two, and that the master, etc. 3. Such a church always has and will exist. Say, Such a church always has existed and always will exist. 4. Florio was taught to rejoice at the sight of Eudoxus, who visited his friend very frequently, and was dictated by his natural affection to make himself known to him. Say, and who was dictated, etc. Otherwise it might mean that Florio was dictated. |