Transactions, Volumen14

actual actuarial addition ages at entry American amount annual annuity appear application assumed average basis become benefit calculations cash cent claims considerable considered constant continued contract cost court death determined disability discussion distribution dividend duration effect endowment equal evidence expected expenses experience expression extended fact factor figures five force formula function Gill give given graduation important included income increase insurance companies interest issued less limited lives means method mortality namely necessary obtained ordinary paid paid-up payment percentage period person policyholders practice premium present principle probably Provident question ratios reason referred regard reserve risk savings selection shown single Society standard surplus surrender taken term tion whole York