INAUGURATIONS OF PRESIDENTS OF THE UNITED STATES. ac Exercises and incidents at the various inaugurations, from 1789 to 1897, inclusive: WASHINGTON'S INAUGURATION. The first inauguration of Washington occurred in New York on April 30, 1789. It is the only one ever held in that city and the only one not celebrated on March 4 or 5. The government was a little slower in getting under way than had been anticipated by the framers of the constitution. There was not a quorum in the senate until April 6, and the votes of the presidential electors could not be counted and declared until a quorum was obtained. It required eight days later to notify Washington at Mount Vernon. The distance between the capital Clinton and Chancellor Livingston. They were greeted by the multitude in the street, on the balconies and housetops with tumultuous cheers, which Washington knowledged by bowing low, with his hand upon his heart. Washington was dressed in a full dark brown cloth suit, with white silk stockings and silver-buckled shoes, all made in the republic, and at his side hung the straight, plain, steel-hilted dress sword familiar to history. at New York and Mount Vernon was measured by the best means of conveyance, the pony express that bore the United States mail. Washington's inauguration really began with the start from Mount Vernon and lasted until he had taken the oath on the balcony of the old Federal building in Broad street, New York. He left Mount Vernon for the capital April 16, two days after receiving notification. He had borrowed £600 from his mother to pay expenses, and, leaving her at Fredericksburg, dined with friends and admirers at Alexandria the next day. He was received at Georgetown the same afternoon with a tremendous ovation, for that sleepy old town, and this enthusiastic greeting met him everywhere along the routeat Baltimore, Wilmington and Philadelphia. At Philadelphia an enormous crowd congregated to offer homage and testify their love for the great man, the soldier and the patriot. The day appointed for the ceremony-April 30-was ushered in with a salute from Fort George and the ringing of church bells all over the city. Religious services were held in all of the churches in the morning. At 12 o'clock a procession was formed, and Washington, escorted by a troop of light dragoons and a legion of infantry, followed by committees of congress and the heads of departments in carriages, foreign ministers and citizens generally, was driven to the place of inauguration. The inaugural scene is preserved in enduring bronze on the great eastern door of the senate wing of the national capitol. The oath was administered by Chancellor Livingston, and Washington, bowing low over the sacred volume, kissed it reverently, and, turning his eyes heavenward, with a consciousness of the great responsibility he was assuming, solemnly said: "I swear, so help me God!" Then Livingston turned toward the inultitude, and, waving his hand, cried: "Long live George Washington, president of the United States!" The crowd took up the cry and sent it rolling, thundering and reverberating throughout the city. A flag was run up on the cupola and the artillery thundered its booming voice from the battery to the music of the brazen-throated bells. WASHINGTON'S SECOND INAUGURATION. It was a trifle iess than four years laterMarch 4, 1793-when George Washington stood before the senate and house of representatives of the United States in Philadelphia and took the oath of office the second time as president of the young republic. The day was one of great rejoicing, and Philadelphia put on her brightest holiday attire to celebrate the installation of the man who still stood in national renown head and shoulders above his political contemporaries. It was her first inauguration of a president, and Philadelphia made it an affair worthy of the man and the event. Thousands crowded the narrow thoroughfares and blocked the streets in the vicinity of the capitol. Washington appeared in a suit of black velvet, his lower limbs in shorts, with black silk stockings and diamond knee buckles. His brightly japanned shoes were clasped with large silver buckles. His hair was gathered in a black silk bag, was powdered in accordance with the fashion of the time In and caught in a bow of black ribbon. He wore a light dress sword, with green shagreen scabbard and richly ornamented hilt. Contrasted with the simplicity which marked his attire at his former inauguration, Washington was now arrayed as a rich swell of the period-not in personal vanity, but out of respect for his high office. The old Federal building was a small affair and was crowded to suffocation on this memorable occasion. There was much doubt among senators as to how the presidentelect should be received. in these modern times everything is settled by precedent and all the formalities are followed from one inaugural to another, but in the beginning there was much discussion and difference of opinion. The senate did not know whether it should stand or sit. the middle of a debate as to how the senate should receive the house of representatives, that body, headed by the speaker, came marching into the chamber. Washington's arrival cut short the discussion in the same manner and he was announced by the joint committee. When he entered the senate chamber both senators and representatives rose and remained standing until the president-elect was seated. This ceremony was performed by John Adams, the vice-president, who had taken the oath of office on April 21. Mr. Adams then announced to the joint body that George Washington, having been duly elected to the office of president of the United States, was now ready to take the oath of office prescribed by the constitution. Washington was then conducted to the balcony outside the senate chamber. He was accompanied by John Adams, Gov. There was no formal procession, such as has come to be an essential and leading feature of presidential inaugurations. He was driven to the hall in a superb coach drawn by six white horses. Instead of the customary modern platoons of police two gentlemen in full dress preceded the carriage. They bore in their hands long white wands, and before them the crowd parted respectfully, leaving open a passage for the presidential carriage. Alighting, he thus ushered up the steps to the hall of the senate. There, on either side of the broad was H aisle, were seated the members of the senate and of the house, all of whom arose upon his entrance and made obeisance, as if he were a king. They remained standing until he had passed through the hall and had ascended the dais to the speaker's seat at the farther end. There at his side stood Thomas Jefferson in blue coat, singlebreasted, with plain, large brass buttons, his vest and small clothes of crimson. The oath was administered by Judge Cushing. JOHN ADAMS' INAUGURATION. The inauguration of John Adams, March 4, 1797, the last in Philadelphia, was celebrated in the house of representatives. At an early hour a great number of citizens assembled around congress hall to witness the retirement of President Washington from public life. The concourse increased to such proportions that it soon filled the streets. When the gallery doors were opened the house was suddenly filled to overflowing. The ladies added to the dignity of the scene. Many were seated in the chairs of the representatives, while others sat on the floor-literally on the floor-of the house. A few moments afterward the senate arrived, preceded by the president. George Washington entered, but before he had proceeded half way across the hall he was met by a burst of applause from every part of the house. John Adams soon folfowed and met with a like reception. After the president-elect had delivered his inaugural speech the oath was administered by Chief Justice Oliver Ellsworth. JEFFERSON'S FIRST INAUGURATION. The inauguration of Thomas Jefferson, March 4, 1801, was preceded by an era of doubt and political excitement akin to that which accompanied the installation of Rutherford B. Hayes seventy-six years later. From the day of election down to Feb. 18. when the election of Jefferson as president and Aaron Burr as vice-president by the house of representatives decided the remarkable contest, the country was in a ferment of political excitement. There were threats of violence on both sides and Jefferson was urged to take his seat by force. There is a tradition that Jefferson rode to the capitol and tied his own horse, but that story has no support in the newspaper chronicles of the times and must be relegated to the plane of the hatchet and cherry tree. There were no big hotels in Washington at this period. Jefferson had lodgings in the vicinity of the capitol, the best houses then being on Capitol hill. From the best data Jefferson had rooms in a famous lodging house since Jeveled to the ground with several squares of buildings, the ground being taken by the government for park purposes. He probably walked over to the capitol on the day he was inaugurated president. When the president-elect entered the capftol the artillery again fired a salute. The ceremonies took place in the senate chamber. The members of the two houses arose as he entered, and Burr stepped down from the presiding officer's chair, which Mr. Jefferson took. The president-elect then delivered his inaugural address, after which the oath of office was administered by the chief justice, when he returned 10 his lodgings, accompanied by Vice-President Burr and the chief justice, and held a public reception. Neither ex-President Adams nor Speaker Sedgwick of the house of representatives attended the ceremonies. Adams showed his successor no courtesies whatso ever, so bitterly did he feel bis defeat. He said he was unwilling to enact the role of captive chief in the triumphant procession of the victor to the capitol. The day wound up with an illumination and more cannon firing and general festivity. JEFFERSON'S REINAUGURATION. Jefferson's reinauguration March 4, 1805, was a quiet event. He took the oath in the senate chamber and delivered his inaugural address to the distinguished group assembled there. A procession was formed at the navy yard, consisting of the mechanics employed there, and this procession, marching to military music and displaying the insignias of the ship-building art, accompanied Jefferson to the white house. Meanwhile this splendid American, with an alinost ostentatious contempt for display of any kind, was greeted by thousands that lined Pennsylvania avenue with a sincerity and heartiness of esteem rarely vouchsafed to living man. He declined to have soldiers about his person. Though the local military turned out upon the occasion they held a subordinate place in the ceremonies of the street. JAMES MADISON'S INAUGURATION. James Madison's first term began March 4, 1809, under unusually exciting circumstances. These were not the result of any faults of the previous Jeffersonian administration, nor from any lack of wisdom and patriotism on the part of congress. War was in progress all over the world and the shadow of the bloody period fell athwart the United States. It is recorded that an immense crowd assembled in Washington to witness the inauguration of James Madison. In particularizing it the chronicles of the time agree that the number of persons surrounding the capitol unable to gain admission exceeded 10,000." As not more than 500 could be got into the old capitol the "immense crowd" of that day can be readily compared with the inauguration crowd of modern days. In accordance with the old custom the day was ushered in by the booming of cannon-cannon boomed at intervals in the ceremonies-and cannon boomed the day out at sundown. For many days the crowds came into town-not as now,at the last moment, with the concentrated capacity of a myriad of railroads. The militia companies began to gather at an early hour and paraded up and down to the beating of drums. Brass bands were scarce in those days. Whenever a brass band was present in an inauguration parade it was mentioned by itself, as if it were a military division. The procession was not a large one. Mr. Madison left his own house a little before 12 o'clock, escorted by the troops of cavalry of Washington and Georgetown. At 12 he entered representative hall (now statuary hall) in the capitol, attended by the secretary of the treasury, the secretary of the navy, the attorney-general and the private secretary of Jefferson, and was introduced to the two houses there assembled by a joint committee of congress. President Jefferson had preceded him, arriving without escort. The president of the senate pro tem., Mr. Milledge, occupied the central chair, which he vacated for Madison, the presiding officer seating himself on the right. Madison immediately arose and read his inaugural address. He then took the oath, administered by Chief Justice Marshall.' There was a grand inauguration ball at Lang's hotel in the evening. It was a brilliant and crowded affair for that time. Indeed, it is mentioned as the most brillian, social occasion then ever held in Washing ton. Both Jefferson and Madison were present, and the foreign ministers attended in full regalia. The most exaggerated report of the affair winds up with the number present, which is supposed to have exceeded 400 persons." REINAUGURATION OF MR. MADISON. The reinauguration of James Madison on March 4, 1813, took place under very impressive and depressing circumstances. The country was in the midst of a long and disastrous war with Great Britain. This was the state of the country when Madison, having received 128 electoral votes against DeWitt Clinton's (federalist) 89, was getting ready to enter upon another four years of the presidency. It could scarcely be supposed that the anticipated event brought much rejoicing. Yet the patriotic spirit of the people was unquestionably on the side of the administration and for national defense. So much absorbed was the country in the national difficulties that culminated the following year in the capture of Washington city that little was said about the inauguration. On March 4, however, the event took place, the account of which in the old Intelligencer occupied only a quarter of a column. The members of both houses of congress were assembled in the chamber of the house of representatives, where Chief Justice Marshall administered the oath to President Madison and where the inaugural address was delivered. The president was escorted to the capitol by the District cavalry, and was received there by the several volunteer corps of Washington, Georgetown and Alexandria. The day was one of sunshine and balmy breezes, and everything passed off without accident. The scene, we are told, was unusually brilliant, yet solemn and truly republican. In the evening there was a splendid assembly in Davis' hotel, at which were present the president, heads of departments, foreign ministers and the "lovely ones of the district." JAMES MONROE'S INAUGURATION. Monroe's first inauguration day, March 4, 1817, was a delightful one. At 11:30 the president and vice-president-elect left the former's private residence, attended by a large cavalcade of citizens on horseback, marshaled by the gentlemen appointed to that duty. The president reached the congress hall a little before 12. At the same time the ex-president arrived and the judges of the Supreme court. All having entered the chamber of the senate, then in session, the vice-president took the chair. The oath of office was administered to him by the attending officers. This ceremony having ended, the senate adjourned and the president, vice-president, judges of the Supreme court, the senate generally, the marshals, etc., attended the president to the elevated portico temporarily erected for the occasion. An immense concourse of government office's and citizens was assembled while the president delivered his address. Having concluded his speech the chief justice administered the oath of office. The oath was announced by a single gun, and followed by salutes from the navy yard, the battery at Fort Washington and several pieces of artillery on the grounds. The president was received on his arrival with military honors by the marine corps, the Georgetown riflemen, a company of artillery and two companies of infantry from Alexandria. On his return he was saluted in like manner. Such a concourse of horses, carriages and persons was never before seen in Washington, the number of persons being estimated at "from 5,000 to 8,000." The day was beautiful and void of accidents. The president and his lady after his return received at their residence the heads of departments, senators and representatives, foreign ministers, strangers and citizens. A splendid bail at Davis hotel, participated in by those who called during the day, was the climax of the evening. REINAUGURATION OF MR. MONROE. The second inauguration of James Monroe occurred on March 5, 1821. March 4 came on Sunday, and the ceremonies of taking the oath and celebrating the event were postponed until the following day. There was snow and rain on March 5, but notwithstanding the unfavorable weather the inaugural ceremonies were attended with the usual impressive scenes on the street and at the capitol. The ceremony of the oath occurred in the hall of representatives, and there the inaugural address was delivered. Chief Justice Marshall administered the oath and stood at the president's side during the delivery of his speech. The associate justices, the president of the senate, the speaker of the house of representatives, the heads of departments and many distinguished military and naval officers were near him. The foreign legations were well represented. The seats in the interior were principally occupied by ladies, and after these and other privileged persons the general public were admitted. On the entrance and exit of the president the Marine band enlivened the scene with musical selections. After the ceremony the presidert held a reception at the white house, to which a limited number of people were admitted. There was a ball in the evening, at which the attendance of those ladies who have ceived invitations for the Washington assemblies" were especially invited to be present. J. Q. ADAMS' INAUGURATION. re The inauguration of John Quincy Adams of Massachusetts, March 4, 1825, brought an immense crowd to Washington on inauguration day. Toward 12 o'clock the military, consisting of staff officers and the volunteer companies of the 1st and 2d legions, received the president at his residence, with his predecessor (Monroe) and several high officers of the government. The cavalry led the way and the procession moved toward the capitol. The president was attended on horseback by the marshal, vith his assistants for the day, distinguished by blue badges, etc. On arriving at the capitol the president, with his escort, was received by the marine corps, under Col. Hendson, stationed in front of the capitol, whose band of music saluted the president on his entrance. Within the hall the sofas between the columns, the entire space of the circular lobby without the bar, the spacious promenade in the rear of the speaker's chair and the three outer rows of the members' seats were all occupied with a splendid array of beauty and fashion. On the left the diplomatic corps, in the costume of their respective courts, occupied the seats assigned to them in the innermost range of seats. Valor guarded beauty, the officers of our army and navy being interspersed among the ladies. Chairs were placed in the semi |