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mentioned by Fitzstephens, who died at the latter end of the twelfth century. He says:"Yearly at shrove-tide, the boys of every school bring fighting-cocks to their masters; and all the fore noon is spent at school, to see these cocks fight together. After dinner, all the youth of the city goeth to play at the ball in the fields; the scholars of every study have their balls; the practisers also of all the trades have each their ball in their hands. The ancienter sort, the fathers, and the wealthy citizens, came on horseback, to see these youngsters contending at their sport, with whom, in a manner, they participate by motion; stirring their own natural heat in the view of the active youth, with whose mirth and liberty they seem to communicate

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Let us thank GOD, and the schoolmaster, that these brutalities have disappeared; and that we have nought of the old customs left, but the fritters and the pancakes.

We care not how often we are called upon to pay our compliments to the two last.

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We turned, and beheld a young creature, slightly formed, with a complexion that might vie with the lily: a winning smile irresistibly aided her request, and we were prevailed on to listen to her prognostics of the future-marvelling how so fair a being could have aught in communion with the rude group around her. Regarding us intently for a few seconds, she sighed involuntarily, and pressed her hands over her eyelids, as if to control a sudden and unexpected emotion.

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Stranger," said she, "you are young, and doubtless happy; pardon me if I seem intrusive, but I would not cast a shade on a brighter lot than my own. You have a wife that loves you dearly, is it not so? You need not answer me, I can see it in your looks. You have a father," she proceeded in a faltering voice-"would that mine still survived to guide my steps in this world of woe! Alas! the poor Gipsy has little to expect on earth save contempt and abhorrence!*

"

Here her feelings overcame her, and she wept violently we tried in vain to resist the infection, but every look at her sorrowful features weakened our stoicism. and at last we fairly began to use our handkerchief. Pressing a gold piece into her hand, we turned away, anxious to conceal our emotions.

Ere we had proceeded far, a most unsentimental laugh caused us to look back; and to

our horror, we beheld the lovely maiden displaying our purse and handkerchief, which she had contrived to abstract during our momentary fit of compassion. We could not bear the sight of a number of unwashed. ferocious-looking wretches, listening eagerly to her account of our credulity; so we turned rapidly down a bye-path; and safe at home, threw our affectionate wife into hysterics by our description of the too interesting Gipsy girl. MOTLEY.

ORIGINAL CORRESPONDENCE.*

Piping Bullfinches.-My Dear Mr. Editor,— The readers of OUR OWN JOURNAL will no doubt like to hear, what they ought all to know; viz: the manner in which these birds are taught the various airs, in the execution of which they show so much excellence. They are not instructed here, April. The month of June is the time for taking but in Germany. They arrive in England about the young ones, in a wild state, from the nest. They should be about eight days old when so removed. They are then handed over to the care of one man only, who, by feeding and caressing them, becomes so much the object of their notice as to be able to command and direct them, at his pleasure. They are attended to by him until they are about two months old, at which age they first routine of "exercises; begin to whistle. They then go through a regular nor is the strictest military discipline more arduous to the sergeant, or more oppressive to the men, than are these exercises to the bullfinch and his instructor. In receiving the first rudiments of their musical education, they are taught in "classes" of about six in each. They are naturally "imitative." The instrument by which they learn, is a barrelorgan of a single diapason. It plays nothing beyond the air to be acquired by the birds. The pupils, before they make their first essay, are kept very hungry. They are then placed in a is slowly played over to them. Hunger works dark room-the organ in the centre-and the air

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wonders, and most of these little imitators make the most of Nature's gifts. Children cry, dogs howl, and asses bray, always louder and oftener when they feel the "vulture in their jaws." It is just so with these vocalists. They make a virtue of necessity. The moment they imitate the organ, at that moment the light is admitted into the room, and a morsel of food is given them. This is repeated so often-use is second natureand works upon them so mechanically, that the sound of the organ is a sure presage of their being fed. When they have been thus drilled for about a month, their old feeder, called in Germany Lehrer, hands them over to the care of some intelligent boy, kept for the purpose of playing the organ to their pupils. Each boy takes a bird, and during these exercises, or rather rehearsals, they

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are occasionally visited and always fed by their
old teacher. His duty, now, is to check or en
courage them in their "piping," by various motions
of the head and mouth, according to the degree
of excellence they have attained in music. When
they repeat the same stave twice, he scowls and
blows upon them. When they perform correctly
he waves his head like a "Great Mogul," and
shows signs that he is pleased. These motions
the birds perfectly comprehend; and by dint of
perseverance on the part of the teacher, and
practise on theirs, they acquire the habit of piping
that never leaves them till death. Now, as regards
the teaching of these birds-imitative though they
be, it must be tiresome, indeed! It must be
remembered, that one false note renders a bird
"faulty."
Herein the difficulty! Our English
bullfinches have no song. It is a mere twitter.
They are pretty birds, truly, and very affectionate,
but cannot be named among song-birds. The
value of "German piping bullfinches," ranges
from one guinea, upwards. They must never be
purchased of people who deal in parrots, or indeed
any "noisy" birds. Bought at such places they
are valueless, as you must be well aware.-
EMMA T, (an old fancier,) Belgrave Square.
[We thank you, Madam, for this kind and
friendly communication, which we know to be very
correct in all its details. Our English bullfinch
is, as you say, not musical, but "very affection-
ate." We shall have much to say in his praise,
when his turn comes round, in our series of
"British Song and Cage Birds." The suggestion
in your note, about the nightingale and black-
cap, shall most assuredly be borne in mind. We
never can, never will, lose any opportunity of
singing their praises. They will be here again
in ten weeks!]

Rooks. I crave your advice, Mr. Editor, in a matter of difficulty. I am particularly fond of rooks; and have been well pleased to find myself surrounded by them-my house being situate near some large trees used by the rooks as a colony. Now, unfortunately, the nests of my favorite birds have been robbed by idle boys. This has so disconcerted the rooks, that they have taken their departure. There are now no nests remaining in the trees; although the birds are still numerous in the neighborhood. Can you tell me, my dear Sir, how I can entice them back?-FREDERICA.

[The removal of the nests from your trees, is deeply to be regretted. Birds so disturbed seldom, if ever, take kindly to their original haunts. There are no direct means to entice them back, unless you could have a quantity of artificial nests placed in their old positions. This might, at a future time, induce some stragglers to reconnoitre; and if undisturbed, they might be prevailed on to remain. It is worth an effort to repair "the mistake" committed. A recurrence of it, we need hardly say, would render all further attempts at a reconciliation fruitless.]

The Cockatoo-This, Mr. Editor, is a charming species of bird; and so affectionate! Pray mention this in OUR JOURNAL, for the sake of invalids, who can have no more faithful and fond associate in the time of sickness. I have had

two of these birds. One is dead; but the sur
vivor is equally attached as the other was. He
keeps guard over me, whilst I sleep; and no per-
son dare approach me unless he pleases. Even the
doctor, if he chances to give me pain,
"suffers"
for it! When I leave the room, my drawers are
carefully watched; and nothing is ever permitted
to be removed from the table. When I have
been moaning, from excessive pain, and any one
has remained with me an undue time-woe be to
them! My watchman has flown at them by
way of a hint, and followed them to the door,
pecking all the way at their feet. For himself,
he cares nothing he eats little indeed! All his
delight seems in watching my progress.
He
has his liberty in doors and out of doors; but he
never attempts to leave the premises.—PATIENCE,
Devon.

Timidity and Ferocity combined.-The ready insertion you have given, Mr. Editor, to my many little anecdotes of animals, induces me to send you yet another curious fact. Some little time since, I had a puppy six months old. He was of a middle size; and would run and yelp at the sight of another dog, however small. Now there was a large and savage bull-dog, living two doors off, in the village of Twickenham. This beast, from some unascertained cause, would seek every opportunity to worry my puppy, who bore all patiently. One day however, a very wet day, the bull-dog rolled the puppy in the mud, keeping him there until he was nearly smothered. However, being hard pressed, and fearing for his life, the little fellow turned round and showed fight. His first sharp teeth were just grown. With these, he seized his enemy by the side of the neck. In the struggle to retain his hold of so powerful an adversary, the carotid artery was severed. Blood streamed out, and the bull-dog lay prostrate-He was dead! This did not "satisfy" his conqueror, who forthwith turned a bitter enemy to all his race. No dog could pass him without insult, or undeserved punishment. He flew at them all! nor would he accept chastisement from me, his master. One day he attacked a little boy, who was upon the premises, just as I returned home in my "jockey-boots" from a long ride. I immediately struck him with my whip. He turned upon me at once, and furiously bit through the double leather of my boot. Next day, my man said to me," Master! you will soon lose Bounce;' his name is up,' ever since he settled the bull-dog.' True words these! Within a week he was stolen. He disappeared in the night, and I afterwards learnt that his new prescribed duty was to be the guardian of a barge on the River Thames. His sire was a retriever, between the setter and Newfoundland; his dam was a Blenheim spaniel. He had a twin brother, the bravest sporting dog I ever knew. He would leap from a rock fifty or more feet high into the water, to recover the game his master had shot. I gave him to Mr. Thomas, of Teddington.-VERAX.

More of the "Blue-Cap."-Do not look grave Mr. Editor, when I tell you I once had a bird, who of his own free-will would "live in a cage.' You may say it is unnatural; and so it is-an

unnatural fact! How my little pet made the dis-
covery that there is "no place like home," I will
tell you. He was one of the blue-caps, some of
whose many virtues you so pleasantly recorded in
No. 22 of OUR JOURNAL. I reared five young
ones from the nest; and for their joint accommo-
dation, I had a cage constructed which I imagined
would suit their habits nicely. It gave them
plenty of room to live in, and made them an excel-
lent play-ground. I used, almost daily, to let
them out to fly about the room; and of all funny
birds they were surely the funniest! The bare
recollection of their diverting gambols and inde-
scribable antics, makes me laugh as I write. One
day, instead of five, we discovered there were only
four of our little friends present. No doubt the
absentee had clung, unperceived, to the dress of
some one passing in or out of the room, and had
disappeared with them. We sought him far and
near-in-doors and out of doors; up stairs, down.
stairs. Still, no glimpse of his person; still, no
sound of his voice. Two days and two nights
passed away. I gave the wanderer up as lost
-consoling myself that he had not taken flight
in the winter, when the weather would have
been cold. On the third day, in flew Master
Tommy, at the open window,-perching on my
head, and then creeping all over me by way of
recognition. How delighted he was! How de-
lighted I was! Our greeting over (and a warm
one it was), I placed him among his old com-
panions. Then was his joy complete. Never,
however, could I get that little fellow (without
great coaxing) to leave his cage again; and then
he would venture to a very little distance,-re-
turning again immediately. Once, and once only,
was the harmony of that little family interrup-
ted; and that was not until they had lived
together for three years. Some offence it would
seem, was given by the "one who had seen the
world." It was resented, and he was severely
punished,- -so severely that, to save his life, I
was obliged to procure him a new cage. He
contrived however, to outlive all his companions;
and died as fond of his cage as ever. Now,
Mr. Editor, tell me, was it cruel, under the
circumstances described, for me to keep my
little birds in a cage? I quite agree with you,
that to deprive wild birds of their liberty, and
then cage them,-is cruel; but in my mind, the
case is far different when birds which never knew
freedom, and which were reared from the nest, are
domesticated with us, and kindly tended. They
become, in fact, members of the family," and
they invariably act as such! By the way, the
sagacity and jealousy of these blue-caps was
extraordinary. We had two cats [more shame
for you!]. The one, they did not fear but
HATED; the other, they treated with perfect
indifference.-F. G., Nottingham.

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[You have stated your case so fairly, so prettily, Flora, that we cannot contradict or gainsay anything that you have advanced; your birds proved that they were "happy," and this was all they could desire, but fie! fie! for keeping those cats. You cannot love birds and cats. It is impossible!]

Cats without Tails.-I have read with much delight, the many interesting remarks in your

First and Second Volumes about "Cats without
tails." I find in our establishment, persons who
remember the race for the last forty-six years; yet
cannot I trace how they were first introduced into
the family. For more than ten years past, we
have had some splendid Persians; and much loving
and friendly acquaintance has passed between the
two races. It has always been a marked fact, that
the kittens had, severally, every variety of tails.
Some had long tails; some mere stumps; others
Still the breed has never failed.
no tails at all.
They are specially good garden cats.
a neighbor, who always keeps a tail-less cat in his
garden. I should add, that all these cats possess
good qualities,-i.e. the qualities of the veritable
and acknowledged race. They won't claim any
affinity with the rabbit. No! no! One of these
cats, and my cockatoo, are the best of friends.
They sit together, eat together, play together.
Indeed all our birds and all our cats are "one" in
friendship. I am sure Mr Editor, you would love
our cats.-PATIENCE, Devon.

We have

[Haters are we of cats, generally. Therefore, if we loved your cats, Patience, it must be because we loved you. What say you? It does not rest with us!]

Prize Rabbits.-Let me call your attention to Metropolitan Fancy Rabbit Show," the late " held at Anderton's Hotel, just before Christmas. It was one of the very best shows yet on record. The animals exhibited were of rare beauty. The two first prizes for a fawn-colored buck and doe, The length of ear were awarded to Mr. Parks. in the former was twenty-and-a-quarter inches by four and seven-eighths; in the latter, twenty-one and three-quarter inches by five and a quarter. The other prizes were awarded to Messrs. Herring, Littleton, Locks, Handey, Bird, Payne, and Stinton. After the prize-rabbits had been passed down the table for the inspection of the visitors, Mr. Parks, who took the first two prizes, introduced five rabbits, measuring in the aggregate one hundred and two inches. Four of these animals were the produce of one doe; the other was also bred by the exhibitor. Mr. Lock also introduced three splendid yellow and whites, of the rich color so much approved by the judges, and declared by them to be the true color to be attained. A num ber of gentlemen from the country were present, and all were highly delighted. The various toasts were then given, and the business of the evening Mr. W. JONES, terminated with a petit souper. as usual, made a neat speech as Hon. Secretary; and all was unity and harmony among the company and the members.-ARGUS.

[A correct list of the dimensions, ages, &c., of the animals exhibited, has been placed in our hands, and may be seen at our publisher's.]

Mildness of the Season, 1852-53.-Flowers in the open air, are not among the objects of attraction for which we generally look at Christmas. However, they may be found in the present season, and in no small number. I observed, on the 25th of December, in a garden a few miles north of the metropolis, pelargoniums, fuschias, and calceolarias, as green and vigorous as those enjoying greenhouse protection. Carnations, mignonette, Salvia fulgens, Neapolitan violets, China roses,

primroses, and polyanthuses were in bloom; some, profusely. Also, the Aloysia citriodora, and the southernwood, Artemisia abrotanum, were as green as in the middle of the summer. Among wild flowers I noticed Borago officinalis, Myosotis arvensis, Cynoglossum officinalis, Linaria cymbalaria, Lamium album, blooming abundantly. It was interesting to observe that the pelargoniums which displayed so much vigor and freshness, occupied an exposed position, which secured comparative dryness; whilst those which were sheltered, and thus kept in a damp condition, had been much injured-showing the effects of damp in preparing the way for the action of cold, and confirming the remark that "moisture is the provider for the lion frost."-R. MARNOCK.

The Return to Nature; Dead Leaves.-There are some very sensible remarks, Mr. Editor, in the "Horticulturist," connected with the preservation of the leaves which fall from the trees in autumn. The writer says:-"People would do well to reflect for a moment on the nature of fallen leaves, which contain not only the vegetable matter, but the earthy salts, lime, potash, etc., needed for the next season's growth; and that, too, exactly in the proportion required by the very tree and plant from which they fall. It is precisely in this way, by the decomposition of these very fallen leaves, that Nature enriches the soil, year after year, in her great forests. Such leaves, then, are highly valuable; and should be carefully collected, from week to week. To dig these under the soil, about the roots, where they will decay, and enrich that soil is to provide, in the cheapest manner, the best possible food for that tree."-These observations deserve attentive consideration, Mr. Editor. I invariably see that all leaves in our garden are thus profitably made use of in the autumn. The result is always most satisfactory.-SYLVIA.

The Zollverein Bird Cages. In your first volume, Mr. Editor, you commented, in the highest terms of praise, on the zinc cages exhibited in Hyde Park. Can you tell me whether they can be had in England; and if so, where? You said they would effectually exclude vermin; and this is what I am so anxious about.-SARAH L., Nottingham.

[We are happy to tell you, that you can obtain these cages, in choice variety, at 90, Charlotte Street, Fitzroy Square.]

New Aviary at Rugby.-Dear Mr. Editor :A perusal of your interesting JOURNAL, has created amongst us a great love for the study of Natural History; and has led to the formation of an Aviary in the playgrounds of this College. It has been built for the reception of small British birds. I am happy to inform you that, on its completion, MR. BINGHAM most kindly presented us with all his collection of British birds-consisting of a pair of skylarks, a pair of yellow-hammers, a pair of bullfinches, a pair of mountain-finches, two pairs of goldfinches, a pair of quails, a pair of blackheaded buntings, a pair of brown linnets, a pair of green linnets, two pairs of red-poles, a pair of chaffinches, a pied wagtail, a robin, and a siskin. Other birds have since been added; and the aviary for the reception of hawks has been enlarged. I

consider it right to tell you that, among the British birds, there have been three deaths. The wagtail is dead, and one of the yellow-hammers. The latter was killed by the robin. [The robin will soon kill the other; and more in addition. He should be removed at once. Robins are insatiably blood-thirsty.] The quail was drowned in the basin belonging to the fountain. [You must make this basin much shallower, or, in the spring, half your stock will be drowned.] The pair of kestrels, in the hawk aviary, are very healthy, but the sparrow-hawk has died from cramp. [You must carefully guard against damp, especially at such a season as this, or you will lose half your birds.] The foreign birds, in the aviary adjoining the conservatory, are in a very healthy state,-particularly the avidavats, Virginian nightingale, bishop-bird, widow-bird, a pair of wax-bills, a pair of spice-birds, a Java spariow, and a pair of shell parrots. These last were sent to Mr. Bingham, from Australia. We have not yet been able to get a specimen of the ground parrot mentioned in OUR JOURNAL. (vol 1, page 153); but we hope to do so soon.-C. J. BROMHEAD, Hon. Sec., College of the Deaf and Dumb, Rugby.

[We are glad to hear that we have aided you in your studies; and sincerely hope you will closely pursue your most delightful researches into the beauties of Nature.]

More Cruelty to Animals; A Mutilated Jackdaw.-Knowing well, my dear Sir, what a champion we have in you, I send you a most horrible case of barbarity just reported in the Hampshire Advertiser. Do pray offer some comment on it, as it may act in terrorem over some other fiend in human shape. The paragraph I allude to, is as follows:- A correspondent, who dates his communication from Commercial Road, Blechynden (Southampton), writes:-For the last three or four years, a neighbor of mine has had in his possession a jackdaw, and a remarkably fine specimen it was. In short, its perfect symmetry of form, together with its singularly confiding and friendly habits, and intelligent look, rendered it a general pet in this vicinity; and with myself it was an especial favorite. Frequently has it come to my window (for bits of bread, &c.), and when opened, would perch on my finger, and allow me to rub its poll; when, after thus caressing it for a minute or 80, away it would fly, to interest and amuse others, as I always fancied; for one should have thought a bird with such a confiding nature would have had no enemy, but have endeared itself to all. Notwithstanding, however, its lively and happy looks, and friendly habits, poor Jack, a day or two ago, whilst on its rounds (looking, possibly, for a Christmas morsel), met with an Anguis sub umbra. Some diabolical monster in human shape has cut off the nether part of its bill upwards of half an inch, so that the poor bird can now peck nothing with it, which is most painful to witness. Whether or not it is possible for the mutilated beak to grow again, I am not sufficient ornithologist to know; if not, I fear poor Jack's doom is sealed, although it may be carefully fed by its owner. Whatever may have been the poor bird's failings-even if regarded by some as too familiar, such wanton and deliberate cruelty is most shocking. It is to be hoped this human

tiger, whoever he is, will not only soon be shown up, but smartly fined and severely punished."So much, my dear Sir, for the paragraph. I only wish I could send you the name of the miscreant who has thus disgraced human nature. I feel sure you would publish it. It may transpire yet; if it does, how gladly will I send it you! Is it not monstrous, thus to mutilate a dear, confiding, inoffensive creature, whose only sin is-love for mankind! Which is the "brute" in this case? -A. T., Southampton.

Another still more striking instance of the possession of a capability of spreading intelligence-and that of a somewhat abstruse character-is furnished by experiments that have been made by Huber and others upon bees. Every one is aware that the queen-bee is an object of the greatest solicitude and attention to all the workers of the hive; and yet, among so many thousands, all busily employed in different and distant parts of the colony, it would appear impossible for them to ascertain at least before the lapse of a considerable time--whether she was absent from among them or not. In order to see whether bees had any power of conveying news of this kind, the queen-bee has been stealthily and quietly abstract

[Alas! fair maiden, what can we do or say to meet such a case? The only means of punish ment would be, to gibbet the wretch by naming him. He would then be expelled from all decent society, and have the mark of Cain set upon him.ed from the hive; but here, as elsewhere, ill news The wretch, KING,* who lately roasted an inoffensive cat alive and this man, would form fitting associates. Send us the name of the offender, if ever it transpires, and we pledge our word to immortalise him to the last generation. No word in our English dictionary can characterise such an offender. We may call him a monster, a wretch, a villain, a miscreant. Here our language stops; and leaves this scum of society unscathed. Let us only get his name, and he will remain a vagabond all the rest of his days. Let us hope the poor jackdaw is dead. Death would be merciful in a case of such extreme barbarity.]

The Ant and the Bee.-The following observations on the mode of communication adopted by the Ant and the Bee, will perhaps be interesting to your readers. You have already furnished us, in your former volumes, with much that is valuable in connection with these useful members of the community. Any one who finds himself in the vicinity of an ant's nest, may soon be convinced that these industrious little laborers are by no means destitute of the power of communicating information to each other relative to the affairs of their commonwealth. Let him, for example, place a heap of food in the neighborhood of the ant-hill, and watch the proceedings of its inmates. A short time will probably elapse before the discovery of the treasure, but at length some wanderer, in his morning's ramble, has the good fortune to stumble upon it. What does he do? He does not, like an isolated individual incapable of asking for assistance, begin at once the task of removing the heap; but, on the contrary, off he scampers with the glad intelligence; and running his head against that of every ant he meets, manages, in some mysterious way, not only to intimate the fact of the discovery, but also to give information relative to the locality where the provisions may be found. Speedily it will be seen that troops of porters, summoned at the call of the first finder, hasten to the spot, and all is activity and bustle until the store is safely warehoused in the ant-hill.

* We exposed this fellow in our Second Volume (see p. 377). We only wish we could have seen the shadow of any extenuating circumstances this, for the sake of human nature. But when we remember that he and his "friend" complacently sat down to cigars and brandy and water (with the outcries of their innocent victim hardly yet silenced), all pity for such outcasts becomes misplaced.

was found to fly apace. For some half-hour or so, the loss seemed not to have been ascertained, but the progressively increasing buzz of agitation gradually announced the growing alarm, until shortly the whole hive was in an uproar, and all its busy occupants were seen pouring forth their legions in search of their lost monarch, or eager to avenge with their stings the insult offered to their sovereign. On restoring the captured queen to her subjects, with equal secrecy, the tumult speedily subsided; and the ordinary business of the community was resumed, as before the occurrence.

These are merely hints, thrown out by the way. Proof of all that is here asserted is so easily obtained, that every inquiring mind should at once investigate the facts for itself.-ANNA G., Maidstone.

[There is no excuse for any body to remain ignorant of these delightful matters-of-fact. So many people keep bees, now-a-days, that a sight of their movements may be readily obtained. As for Ants, they may be seen at work, in the summer, in nearly every garden we enter.]

Cats without Tails.-In your admirable JOURNAL, Mr. Editor, I have seen many commentaries on this peculiar race of cats,—all of these communications have been full of interest. Rely upon it, it is a distinct race. They are quite common in Westmoreland, where I have seen whole litters of them. I have also found single specimens of them (occasionally) in different parts of England. How any sane person can, for one instance, give credence to their being mules, I am at a loss to imagine. Our Creator, all-wise, has ordained it that mules, beyond the first generation, cannot exist-thus preventing a race of monsters. I do not know whether you are aware of it, or not, Mr, Editor, but there is a very fine breed of tail-less pigs, and another breed almost destitute of hair or bristles. Both these are by breeders highly esteemed.-VERAX.

[Your favors are herewith exhausted. Please commence de novo. Our readers peruse your reminiscences with delight. There is a reality about them that invests them with a perpetual freshness. A long life has brought you acquainted with a multitude of pleasing "facts."]

Deformity in the Canary-I have read with much interest the communication in Vol. II., page 395, of OUR JOURNAL, about deformity in the canary. I beg to suggest, that the cause of this distressing succession of misfortunes, was the

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