with the provisions of this act, whether passed by the Legislature of said Territory or by Congress, are hereby repealed. Approved July 16, 1894. CONSTITUTION OF THE STATE OF UTAH. PREAMBLE. Grateful to Almighty God for life and liberty, we, Preamble. the people of Utah, in order to secure and perpetuate the principles of free government, do ordain and establish this Constitution. ARTICLE I. DECLARATION OF RIGHTS. SECTION 1. All men have the inherent and inalien- Inalienable able right to enjoy and defend their lives and liberties; rights. to acquire, possess, and protect property; to worship according to the dictates of their consciences; to assemble peaceably, protest against wrongs, petition for redress of grievances; to communicate freely their thoughts and opinions, being responsible for the abuse of that right. and power inherent Sec. 2. All political power is inherent in the All political people; and all free governments are founded on their in the people. authority for their equal protection and benefit, and they have the right to alter or reform their government as the public welfare may require. the Union. Sec. 3. The State of Utah is an inseparable part state a part of of the Federal Union and the Constitution of the United States is the supreme law of the land. Sec. 4. The rights of conscience shall never be Religious infringed. The State shall make no law respecting an toleration. No property qualification to vote. Habeas corpus. People may bear arms. establishment of religion or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; no religious test shall be required as a qualification for any office of public trust or for any vote at any election; nor shall any person be incompetent as a witness or juror on account of religious belief or the absence thereof. There shall be no union of church and state, nor shall any church dominate the State or interfere with its function. No public money or property shall be appropriated for or applied to any religious worship, exercise or instruction, or for the support of any ecclesiastical establishment. No property qualification shall be required of any person to vote or hold office, except as provided in this Constitution. Sec. 5. The privilege of the writ of habeas corpus shall not be suspended, unless, in case of rebellion or invasion, the public safety requires it. Sec. 6. The people have the right to bear arms for their security and defense, but the Legislature may regulate the exercise of this right by law. Sec. 7. No person shall be deprived of life, Due process of liberty or property, without due process of law. law, Sec. 8. All prisoners shall be bailable by sufficient Right of bail. sureties, except for capital offenses when the proof is evident or the presumption strong. ishments. Sec. 9. Excessive bail shall not be required; exFines and pun-cessive fines shall not be imposed; nor shall cruel and unusual punishments be inflicted. Persons arrested or imprisoned shall not be treated with unnecessary rigor. verdicts. Sec. 10. In capital cases the right of trial by jury Juries and their shall remain inviolate. In courts of general jurisdiction, except in capital cases, a jury shall consist of eight jurors. In courts of inferior jurisdiction a jury shall consist of four jurors. In criminal cases the verdict shall be unanimous. In civil cases threefourths of the jurors may find a verdict. A jury in civil cases shall be waived unless demanded. Remedy for injury. Sec. 11. All courts shall be open, and every person, for an injury done to him in his person, property or reputation, shall have remedy by due course of law, which shall be administered without denial or unnecessary delay; and no person shall be barred from prosecuting or defending before any tribunal in this State, by himself or counsel, any civil cause to which he is a party. sons accused of Sec. 12. In criminal prosecutions the accused Rights of pershall have the right to appear and defend in person crime. and by counsel, to demand the nature and cause of the accusation against him, to have a copy thereof, to testify in his own behalf, to be confronted by the witnesses against him, to have compulsory process to compel the attendance of witnesses in his own behalf, to have a speedy public trial by an impartial jury of the county or district in which the offense is alleged to have been committed, and the right to appeal in all cases. In no instance shall any accused person, before final judgment, be compelled to advance money or fees to secure the rights herein guaranteed. The accused shall not be compelled to give evidence against himself: a wife shall not be compelled to testify against her husband, nor a husband against his wife, nor shall any person be twice put in jeopardy for the same offense. Prosecution by Sec. 13. Offenses heretofore required to be prose-information. cuted by indictment shall be prosecuted by information after examination and commitment by a magistrate, unless the examination be waived by the accused with the consent of the State, or by indictment, with or without such examination and commitment. The grand jury shall consist of seven persons, five of whom must concur to find an indictment; but no grand jury shall be drawn or summoned unless in the opinion of the judge of the district, public interest demands it. searches and Sec. 14. The right of the people to be secure in Security against their persons, houses, papers and effects against un-seizures. reasonable searches and seizures shall not be violated; and no warrant shall issue but upon probable cause supported by oath or affirmation, particularly describing the place to be searched, and the person or thing to be seized. speech or of Sec. 15. No law shall be passed to abridge or re- Freedom of strain the freedom of speech or of the press. In all press. criminal prosecutions for libel the truth may be given in evidence to the jury; and if it shall appear to the jury that the matter charged as libelous is true, and was published with good motives, and for justifiable Libel. ends, the party shall be acquitted; and the jury shall have the right to determine the law and the fact. No imprison Sec. 16. There shall be no imprisonment for debt ment for debt except in cases of absconding debtors. except. Elections to be Sec. 17. All elections shall be free, and no power, free. Ex post facto law. Treason defined. dinate to civil power. civil or military, shall at any time interfere to prevent the free exercise of the right of suffrage. Soldiers, in time of war, may vote at their post of duty, in or out of the State, under regulations to be prescribed by law. Sec. 18. No bill of attainder, ex post facto law, or law impairing the obligation of contracts shall be passed. Sec. 19. Treason against the State shall consist only in levying war against it, or in adhering to its enemies or in giving them aid and comfort. No person shall be convicted of treason unless on the testimony of two witnesses to the same overt act. Sec. 20. The military shall be in strict subordinaMilitary subor- tion to the civil power, and no soldier in time of peace, shall be quartered in any house without the consent of the owner; nor in time of war except in a manner to be prescribed by law. Slavery prohibited. Sec. 21. Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime, whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within this State. Sec. 22. Private property shall not be taken or Private prop damaged for public use without just compensation. erty must not be taken. No irrevocable franchise. General laws must operate uniformly. Sec. 23. No law shall be passed granting irrevocably any franchise, privilege or immunity. Sec. 24. All laws of a general nature shall have uniform operation. Sec. 25. This enumeration of rights shall not be Enumeration of construed to impair or deny others retained by the impair others. people. rights does not Provisions mandatory. Recurrence to fundamental principles. State boundaries. Sec. 26. The provisions of this Constitution are mandatory and prohibitory, unless by express words they are declared to be otherwise. Sec. 27. Frequent recurrence to fundamental principles is essential to the security of individual rights and the perpetuity of free government. ARTICLE II. STATE BOUNDARIES. SECTION 1. The boundaries of the State of Utah shall be as follows: Beginning at a point formed by the intersection. of the thirty-second degree of longitude west from |