All the proceeds of the lands granted by the United States, for the support of a deaf and dumb asylum, and for an institution for the blind, shall be a perpetual fund for the maintenance of said institutions. It shall be a trust fund, the principal of which shall remain inviolate, guaranteed by the State against loss or diver sion. Sec. 11. The metric system shall be taught in the Metric system. public schools of the State. No religious not aid in the Sec. 12. Neither religious nor partisan test or qualification shall be required of any person, as a condition of admission, as a teacher or student, into any public educational institution of the State. Sec. 13. Neither the Legislature nor any county, The public must city, town, school district or other public corporation, support of sec-shall make any appropriation to aid in the support of any school, seminary, academy, college, university or other institution, controlled in whole, or in part, by any church, sect or denomination whatever. tarian school. cincts and ARTICLE XI. COUNTIES, CITIES AND TOWNS. SECTION 1. The several counties of the Territory Counties, pre- of Utah, existing at the time of the adoption of this school districts. Constitution, are hereby recognized as legal subdivisions of this State, and the precincts, and school districts, now existing in said counties, as legal subdivisions thereof, and they shall so continue until changed by law in pursuance of this article. County seat, removal of. County bound of. Sec. 2. No county seat shall be removed unless two-thirds of the qualified electors of the county, voting on the proposition at a general election, shall vote in favor of such removal, and two-thirds of the votes cast on the proposition shall be required to relocate a county seat. A proposition of removal shall not be submitted in the same county more than once in four years. Sec. 3. No territory shall be stricken from any ary line, change County unless a majority of the voters living in such territory, as well as of the county to which it is to be annexed, shall vote therefor, and then only under such conditions as may be prescribed by general law. government. Sec. 4. The Legislature shall establish a system County of county government, which shall be uniform throughout the State, and by general laws shall provide for precinct and township organizations. towns. Sec. 5. Corporations for municipal purposes shall cities and not be created by special laws; the Legislature, by general laws, shall provide for the incorporation, organization, and classification of cities and towns in proportion to population; which laws may be altered, amended or repealed. corporations waterworks, etc. Sec. 6. No municipal corporation, shall directly Municipal or indirectly, lease, sell, alien, or dispose of any must not sell waterworks, water rights, or sources of water supply now, or hereafter to be owned or controlled by it; but all such waterworks, water rights, and sources of water supply now owned or hereafter to be acquired by any municipal corporation, shall be preserved, maintained and operated by it for supplying its inhabitants with water at reasonable charges; Provided, That nothing herein contained shall be construed to prevent any such municipal corporation from exchanging water rights, or sources of water supply, for other water rights or sources of water supply of equal value, and to be devoted in like manner to the public supply of its inhabitants. ARTICLE XII. CORPORATIONS. how formed. SECTION 1. Corporations may be formed under Corporations, general laws, but shall not be created by special acts. All laws relating to corporations may be altered, amended or repealed by the Legislature, and all corporations doing business in this State may, as to such business, be regulated, limited or restrained by law. charters. Sec. 2. All existing charters, franchises, special Existing or exclusive privileges, under which an actual and bona fide organization shall not have taken place, and business been commenced in good faith, at the time of the adoption of this Constitution, shall thereafter have no validity; and no corporation in existence at the time of Corporations the adoption of this Constitution shall have the benefit must file acceptof future legislation without first filing in the office of tution. ance of Consti not be extended. the Secretary of State, an acceptance of the provisions of this Constitution. Sec. 3. The Legislature shall not extend any Franchise must franchise or charter, nor remit the forfeiture of any franchise or charter of any corporation now existing, or which shall hereafter exist under the laws of this State. defined. Sec. 4. The term "corporation," as used in this "Corporation," article, shall be construed to include all associations and joint stock companies having any powers or privileges of corporations not possessed by individuals or partnerships, and all corporations shall have the right to sue, and shall be subject to be sued, in all courts, in like cases as natural persons. issue of stock. Sec. 5. Corporations shall not issue stock, except Limitations on to bona fide subscribers thereof or their assignee, nor shall any corporation issue any bond, or other obligation, for the payment of money, except for money or property received, or labor done. The stock of corporations shall not be increased, except in pursuance of general law, nor shall any law authorize the increase of stock without the consent of the person or persons holding the larger amount in value of the stock, or without due notice of the proposed increase having previously been given in such manner as may be prescribed by law. All fictitious increase of stock or indebtedness shall be void. Foreign corporations. lease or aliena tion of franchise. Sec. 6. No corporations organized outside of this State, shall be allowed to transact business within the State, on conditions more favorable than those prescribed by law to similar corporations, organized under the laws of this State. Sec. 7. No corporation shall lease or alienate any Limitations on franchise, so as to relieve the franchise or property held thereunder from the liabilities of the lessor, or grantor, lessee or grantee, contracted or incurred in operation, use or enjoyment of such franchise or any of its privileges. etc., in cities, Sec. 8. No law shall be passed granting the right Street railroads, to construct and operate a street railroad, telegraph, cannot be con- telephone or electric light plant within any city or incorporated town, without the consent of the local authorities who have control of the street or highway proposed to be occupied for such purposes. structed with out consent of authorities. Sec. 9. No corporation shall do business in this State, without having one or more places of business with an authorized agent or agents, upon whom process may be served; nor without first filing a certified copy of its articles of incorporation with the Secretary of State. limited. Sec. 10. No corporation shall engage in any busi- Corporations ness other than that expressly authorized in its charter, or articles of incorporation. corporations Sec. 11. The exercise of the right of eminent Property of domain shall never be so abridged or construed, as to subject to emiprevent the Legislature from taking the property and nent domain. franchises of the incorporated companies, and subjecting them to public use the same as the property of individuals. carriers. Sec. 12. All railroad and other transportation common companies are declared to be common carriers, and subject to legislative control; and such companies shall receive and transport each other's passengers and freight, without discrimination or unnecessary delay. consolidations. Sec. 13. No railroad corporation shall consolidate Restrictions on its stock, property or franchise with any other railroad corporation owning a competing line. personal Sec. 14. The rolling stock, and other movable Rolling stock property belonging to any railroad company or corpor- property. ation in this State, shall be considered personal property, and shall be liable to taxation and to execution and sale, in the same manner as the personal property of individuals, and such property shall not be exempted from execution and sale. regulate trans Sec. 15. The Legislature shall pass laws estab- Legislature may lishing reasonable maximum rates of charges, for the portation transportation of passengers and freight, for correct- charges, etc. ing abuses, and preventing discrimination and extortion in rates of freight and passenger tariffs by the different railroads, and other common carriers in the State, and shall enforce such laws by adequate penalties. must not bring Sec. 16. No corporation or association shall bring Corporations any armed person or bodies of men into this State for armed men into the preservation of the peace, or the suppression of the State. domestic troubles without authority of law. officers restrict ing municipal Sec. 17. No officer, employe, attorney or agent Corporation of any corporation, company or association doing busi- ed from holdness under, or by virtue of any municipal charter or office. franchise, shall be eligible to, or permitted to hold any banks, liability of. municipal office, in the municipality granting such charter or franchise. Sec. 18. The stockholders in every corporation, Stockholders in and joint stock association for banking purposes, in addition to the amount of capital stock subscribed and fully paid by them, shall be individually responsible for an additional amount, equal to the amount of their stock in such corporation, for all its debts and liabilities of every kind. Blacklisting prohibited. Trusts and combinations prohibited. Sec. 19. Every person in this State shall be free to obtain employment whenever possible, and any person, corporation, or agent, servant or employe thereof, maliciously interfering or hindering in any way, any person from obtaining, or enjoying employment already obtained, from any other corporation or person, shall be deemed guilty of a crime. The Legislature shall provide by law for the enforcement of this section. Sec. 20. Any combination by individuals, corporations, or associations, having for its object or effect the controlling of the price of any products of soil, or of any article of manufacture or commerce, or the cost of exchange or transportation, is prohibited, and hereby declared unlawful, and against public policy. The Legislature shall pass laws for the enforcement of this section by adequate penalties, and in case of incorporated companies, if necessary, for that purpose, it may declare a forfeiture of their franchise. Fiscal year. All property taxed except. ARTICLE XIII. REVENUE AND TAXATION. SECTION 1. The fiscal year shall begin on the 1st day of January, unless changed by the Legislature. Sec. 2. All property in the State, not exempt under the laws of the United States, or under this Constitution, shall be taxed in proportion to its value, to be ascertained as provided by law. The word property, as used in this article, is hereby declared to include moneys, credits, bonds, stocks, franchises and all matters and things (real, personal and mixed) capable of private ownership; but this shall not be so construed as to authorize the taxation of the stocks of any company or corporation, when the property of such company or corporation represented by such stocks has |