incomes of the rich. He worked hard to get laws passed to prevent forests, minerals, and water powers from being wasted. He encouraged the building of dams to store up water with which to irrigate the great deserts of the West. He caused the Panama Canal to be built. This canal cuts a passage for ships through Central America between the Atlantic and Pacific oceans. The building

of this canal was one of the greatest accomplishments in the history of our country. Roosevelt helped to make peace between Russia and Japan after they had fought a terrible war. He sent a United States fleet of sixteen battleships around the world to show other nations that we were interested in world affairs. His power and influence in bringing all these and many more important. things to pass were truly wonderful. When he finished his last year as President in 1909, he was generally regarded as the ablest and most influential man in the world. He devoted the rest of his life to science and literature.

Roosevelt made a trip to the heart of Africa to hunt. big game and brought home many specimens to place in the great museums at Washington and in other cities. Later he went to South America and made explorations. where no white man had ever gone before.

Roosevelt wrote several books and many articles for magazines. Shortly before his death, soon after the armistice that ended the World War, he wrote this message to the American people:

There must be no sagging back in the fight for Americanism merely because the war is over. There are plenty of persons. who have already made the assertion that they believe the American people have a short memory and that they intend to revive all the foreign associations which most directly interfere with the complete Americanization of our people.

Our principle in this matter should be absolutely simple. In

the first place we should insist that if the immigrant who comes here in good faith becomes an American and assimilates himself to us, he shall be treated on an exact equality with everyone else, for it is an outrage to discriminate against any such man because of his creed or birthplace or origin.

But this is predicated upon the man's becoming in very fact an American and nothing but an American. If he tries to keep segregated with men of his own origin and separated from the rest of America, then he isn't doing his part as an American.

There can be no divided allegiance here. Any man who says he is an American but something else also isn't an American at all. We have room for but one flag, and this excludes the red flag, which symbolizes all wars against liberty and civilization, just as much as it excludes any foreign flag of a nation to which we are hostile. We have room for but one language here and that is the English language, for we intend to see that the crucible turns our people out as Americans, of American nationality, and not as dwellers in a polyglot boarding-house; and we have room for but one soul loyalty and that is a loyalty to the American people.

Roosevelt died on January 6th, 1919, the day after this message was read at a great patriotic concert in New York City.

He is remembered as one who loved his country. He worked hard to give everybody, rich and poor, native and foreign-born, a "square deal." He was a great American.

Review Exercises

1. Tell how Theodore Roosevelt made himself strong in mind

and body.

2. Where was he educated?

3. Tell what he did in the Assembly of New York State.

4. To what office did President Harrison appoint him?

5. Tell what office he held in New York City.

6. Tell how he helped to win victories over the navy of Spain.

7. Tell about his regiment of Rough Riders.

8. Tell some things that he did when he was President.

9. Why did he go to Africa?

10. How did he say the immigrant ought to be treated?

CHAPTER XXIV

GREAT AMERICAN ACHIEVEMENTS

America's Making.-The whole world owes so much to America that everybody ought to be familiar with America's great achievements. These achievements are so numerous that we cannot tell here about them all, but we shall mention a few that deserve special attention. You have learned about the hardships and struggles of the early settlers who came from Europe to find a new home in this New World. You have learned how they had to fight, first with the Indians, and then with the soldiers from Europe who tried to conquer their wish for independence. Finally they won safety and freedom and made a nation in which everyone can enjoy the product of his own labor and have a share in his own government. Since then emigrants from the Old World and from other parts of the American continent have continued to come to make their homes here. They have come in order to enjoy our good and free government and institutions, and they have done their share to help build up this new country until it is now a leader among the nations of the earth and the home of more than a hundred million of the happiest and freest people to be found anywhere. This itself is one of the greatest achievements in the history of the world, and it is this that has made possible so many other great achievements, because safety, security, good government, education, and prosperity are the best preparation for a people who wish to do great

ngs.

As a result our country has achieved great things along the lines of transportation, communication, travel, agriculture, manufacturing, mining, commerce, and inventions of every kind. Let us study a few of the more important of these achievements.

The Steamboat.-We will begin with the steamboat. Perhaps you, reader, came to America in a steamship which

This is an exact reproduction of Fulton's Clermont built for the Hudson-Fulton Celebration at New York in 1909.

crossed the ocean quickly and safely. But the first people who came here had to cross the ocean in slow sailing vessels. An ocean voyage took many weeks, and sometimes it was very dangerous. It was a great achievement to invent the steamship which made the voyage safer, quicker, and more comfortable.

In the year 1785 a man named John Fitch, whose home was on the Connecticut River, told his friends that he had invented a steam engine and machinery that would