magazine. When a magazine is constructed as a permanent compartment in the vessel, increased size and finish of lumber and other methods of fastening may be used provided such fastenings are recessed below the surface of the boarding to avoid projections within the interior of the magazine. All boardings shall be fitted and finished so as to form a smooth surface within the interior of the magazine. Construction shall be such as to separate all containers of explosives from contact with metal surfaces of the structure of the vessel. When a metal stanchion, post or other obstruction is located within the interior area of the magazine, such obstruction must be completely covered with wood of a thickness of at least 3/4-inch secured in place with nails or screws. All screws or nails used in the magazine for fastening shall be countersunk below the surface of the wood. Flooring of magazines shall be of not less than 14-inch commercial lumber, constructed on bearers. Such floor may be portable but tight to prevent movement. The door of the magazine shall be of substantial construction, fitted reasonably tight in its jamb and provided with a locking means of a tamper-proof type. The door shall be so located as to be easily accessible.

(d) If the bulkheads forming the sides of a magazine are to be constructed directly against the ship's side and battens are fitted, then 546-inch plywood may be used, provided the plywood is fastened to furring strips of not less than 1 inch by 3 inches, spaced not more than 18 inches apart, and securely fastened vertically to the battens.

(e) A magazine constructed in accordance with the provisions of paragraphs (b) and (c) of this section, in which it is proposed to stow containers of explosives within 12 inches of the overdeck beams, or hatch coaming, shall have such deck beams and coaming sheathed with wood similar to that required for metal stanchions, posts or other obstructions by the provisions of paragraph (c) of this section.

(f) When a Class A magazine measures more than 40 feet in any direction, a partition bulkhead shall be fitted within the magazine as near half length as practicable, extending from the deck to at least the top of the stowage. Such partition bulkhead shall be constructed to the same scantlings as the sides of the magazine, except the boardings may be spaced not more than 6 inches apart

When an entire compartment or hold is utilized for the stowage of explosives that are required by the regulations in this part to be given magazine stowage, the entire compartment may be considered as a magazine. The frames and bulkhead stiffeners protruding into the compartment shall be effectively boarded over to provide a smooth surface for the stowage of the explosives. This boarding need not be applied to the over deck beams when the explosives are not stowed closer than twelve (12) inches of such beams. If explosives are stowed up to the over deck beams and into the square of the hatch formed by the coaming such over deck beams including the hatch coaming shall be effectively boarded over. The installation of such boarding shall be in accordance with the specifications for the construction of a magazine, except when cargo battens are fitted to the vessel's shell or bulkheads forming part of the hold such boarding may be secured vertically using the battens as an anchorage for the necessary securing means.

§ 146.09-4 Ventilation of magazines.

Every magazine shall be efficiently ventilated. Cowl deck ventilators, when fitted into or immediately adjacent to the magazine, shall be covered with a fine wire screen of not less than a 30 x 30 mesh at the weather end of the ventilator. Magazines which occupy only a portion of a hold and are not fitted with a ventilator entering into the magazine shall be so constructed on one side as to leave an open space of not more than one inch below the over deck frame. § 146.09-5 Metal lockers for stowage of fireworks.

Metal lockers required to be provided for the stowage of fireworks (class Bless dangerous explosives), permitted by the regulations in this part to be accepted and transported on board passenger vessels, shall conform to the following specifications:

(a) Size. The cubic capacity of a locker shall not exceed 150 cubic feet.

(b) Division. Lockers exceeding 5 feet in height shall be fitted with a division shelf at about 2 height so constructed as to carry the imposed load without deflection.

(c) Gauge. The thickness of metal used in the construction of lockers shall not be less than No. 16 U.S. standard gauge.

(d) Type of construction. Design and construction of lockers shall be such as to provide smooth interior surfaces. Stiffener elements, when fitted, shall not project beyond interior surfaces. Lockers shall be fitted with top and bottom closures except when "built in" to the structure of the vessels with the over and under deck forming the top and bottom of the locker. "Built in" construction shall not be accepted when the over or under deck is of wood.

(e) Closures. Closing means may be removable plates or the hinged door type, provided that in either case the locker shall, when closed in, be flame tight. Lockers having portable plate closing means shall have an opening provided in an accessible side of the locker to permit insertion of a fire hose nozzle for purpose of flooding. Such opening shall be of at least 3" in diameter, not more than 12" below the top of the locker, and be fitted with a metal flap cover to substantially preserve the flame tight requirement.

(f) Location. Lockers shall be so located as to be readily accessible to companionways or cargo hatches. When fitted in vessels constructed of wood the lockers shall be so located as to be easily observed by a watchman on his rounds. Lockers shall be secured in place to prevent shifting in a seaway.

§ 146.09-6 Portable magazines for stowage of explosives.

Portable magazines used for the stowage of explosives shall conform to the following provisions:

(a) Portable magazines shall be constructed watertight of wood, or of metal lined with wood 3/4-inch minimum thickness. Not more than 100 cubic feet plus 10 percent (gross) of explosives shall be stowed therein.

(b) All inner surfaces of the magazine shall be smooth and free of nails, screws or other projections.

(c) When constructed of wood the scantlings and arrangement shall be not

less than those required by § 146.09-2, and a strong, close fitting hinged cover or door fitted with hasps and padlock shall be provided.

(d) When constructed of metal, the minimum thickness shall be not less than 8-inch sheet.

(e) Runners, bearers, or skids shall be provided to elevate the magazine a minimum of 4 inches from the deck. Pad eyes, ring bolts, or other suitable means shall be provided for securing, and they shall be so lashed, chocked or braced as to prevent movement in any direction.

(f) Portable magazines shall be stowed in the square of a tween deck hatch except when other stowage is authorized by § 146.20-15.

(g) Portable magazine containers may be used for the stowage of explosives exceeding 100 cubic feet plus 10 percent (gross) under such conditions of construction, handling and stowage that meet the approval of the Commandant of the Coast Guard.

(h) Portable magazines shall be marked on the top and sides in letters at least 3 inches high with the legend "EXPLOSIVES-HANDLE CAREFULLY-KEEP

LIGHTS AND FIRE AWAY."

[CGFR 59-14, 24 F.R. 5269, June 30, 1959, as amended, CGFR 61-11, 26 F.R. 3924, May 5, 1961]

§ 146.09-7 Specifications of moisture proofed paper bags.

SPECIFICATION MIN-W10

(e) Longitudinal

seams. Longitudinal seams made by lapping not less than one inch and pasting.

(1) Bottom closure. Bottom closure made by folding and interlapping and pasting; or taped sewed and dipped in a waterproofing compound; or sewed and taped over stitching.

(g) Top closure. By wire ties consisting of not less than two No. 16 Birmingham wire gauge or heavier wires; or by valve mouth with top of bag folded and interlapped and pasted; or by valve mouth with top of bag taped, sewed and dipped in waterproofing compound; or sewed and taped over stitching.

6. Test. The finished container, filled and closed, must be capable of withstanding a drop test of 4 feet on the butt without sifting or rupture of any ply.

Material

8. Burlap. At least equal in equality and strength to 71⁄2 ounce 40 inch (72/40) Calcutta common burlap. Thread count at least 9 per inch warp and 9 per inch filler.

4. Paper. No. 1 Kraft creped. Finished weight of 40 pounds per ream (480 sheets 24 x 36 inch) after creping.

Construction

5. (a) Description. Burlap bag lined with a water proofed paper lining.

(b) Assembly of moisture proofed lining. The assembly of the moisture proofed lining will be accomplished by combining two plies of creped paper having a finished weight of not less than 40 pounds each, evenly coated between the two plies with asphalt of any desirable type, of minimum 150° F. melting point, over the entire area of paper, with minimum coverage of 110 pounds per ream. (c) Assembly of moisture proofed ply and burlap. The burlap will be lined with the moisture proofed creped paper by cementing together with a suitable latex compounded adhesive to securely attach paper lining to the burlap.

(d) Stretch of paper lining. After they are cemented to the burlap the stretch of the paper lining must equal the stretch of the burlap in the direction of the warp and filling and equal to 10 percent in a diagonal direction.

(e) Seams. Bags must be made with cemented center seams and taped bottoms to make them sift proof and airtight and to provide strength at least equal to the bag material.

(f) Closure. Bags to be wire tied with two No. 16 Birmingham wire gauge or heavier wire ties.

6. Test. The finished container, filled and closed, must be capable of withstanding a drop test of 4 feet on the butt without sifting or rupture of any ply.

Marking

7. On each container. By marks at least 1 inch high as follows:

(a) MIN-W11. This marking shall be understood to certify that the container complies with all specification requirements.

(b) Name and address of maker located above or below the mark specified in (7) (a). § 146.09-11 Chutes and conveyors for handling explosives.

(a) Chutes for loading and unloading explosives shall be constructed as follows: Of smooth planed boards not less than 1" thick. Side guards of the same material 4'' high. Assembly shall be with brass screws only. D-shaped wooden strips or runners not more than

6" apart and running lengthwise of the chute shall be fastened to the upper surface of the slide by means of glue and wooden dowels extended through the bottom of the chute. No metallic means of construction shall protrude beyond the inner face of the chute. Four lashing rings shall be provided, one at each outside corner of the chute for purposes of securing during use. No specification marking required.

(b) Roller conveyors constructed of aluminum or other non-sparking material may be used for loading or unloading explosives. The conveyor shall be grounded when in use, and suitable brakes provided when the angle of descent is such as to make them necessary.

(c) Powered conveyors may be used when the design, construction and specifications are approved by the Commandant of the Coast Guard.

[CGFR 56-29, 21 F.R. 7055, Sept. 20, 1956] § 146.09-12 Mattresses for explosives. Landing mattress for loading or unloading explosives. A stuffed mattress at least 4' wide by 6' long and not less than 4" thick, or a heavy jute or hemp mat of like dimensions, are acceptable landing mattresses.

§ 146.09-15 Power-operated industrial trucks.

(a) Definition. Power-operated industrial trucks are considered to be tractors, lift trucks and other specialized industrial trucks used for material handling on board a vessel. These trucks may be either vessel's equipment or stevedore's equipment.

(b) Approved power-operated industrial trucks. Where approved power-operated industrial trucks are required by the regulations in this part, such approved trucks shall have a specific designation of a recognized testing laboratory. The following laboratories are recognized for the specific type designations listed:

(1) Underwriters' Laboratories, Inc. (Mailing address, P.O. Box 247, Northbrook, Illinois) for trucks having recognized testing laboratory type designations E, EE, EX, G, GS, LP, LPS, D and DS.

(2) Factory Mutual Laboratories, Engineering Division, 1115 Boston-Providence Turnpike, Norwood, Massachu

setts, for trucks having recognized testing laboratory type designations E, EE, EX, G, GS, LP, LPS, D and DS.

(c) Description of designations. Description of recognized testing laboratory type designations are as follows:

(1) The "E" designated units are electrically powered units that have minimum acceptable safeguards against inherent fire hazards.

(2) The "EE" designated units are electrically powered units that have, in addition to all of the requirements for the "E" units, the electric motors and all other electrical equipment completely enclosed. In certain locations the "EE" unit may be used where the use of an "E" unit may not be considered safe.

(3) The "EX" designated units are electrically powered units that differ from the "E" and "EE" units in that the electrical fittings and equipment are so designed, constructed and assembled that the units may be used in certain atmospheres containing flammable vapors or dusts.

(4) The "G" designated units are gasoline powered units having minimum acceptable safeguards against inherent fire hazards.

(5) The "GS" designated units are gasoline powered units that are provided with additional safeguards to the exhaust, fuel and electrical systems. They may be used in some locations where the use of a "G" unit may not be considered safe.

(6) The "LP" designated units are similar to the "G" units except that they are liquefied petroleum gas engine powered instead of gasoline powered.

(7) The "LPS" designated units are units similar to the "GS" units except that liquefied petroleum gas is used for fuel instead of gasoline.

(8) The "D" designated units are units similar to the "G" units except that they are diesel engine powered instead of gasoline engine powered.

(9) The "DS" designated units are diesel powered units that are provided with additional safeguards to the exhaust, fuel and electrical systems. They may be used in some locations where a "D" unit may not be considered safe.

(d) Minimum safety features. In addition to the construction and design safety features required in order to ob

tain a recognized laboratory type designation, approved power-operated industrial trucks shall have at least the following minimum safety features where applicable:

(1) Power-operated industrial trucks shall be equipped with a warning horn, whistle, or gong, or other device that can be heard clearly above the normal shipboard noises.

(2) Wherever power-operated industrial truck operation exposes the operator to danger from falling objects, the truck shall be equipped with a driver's overhead guard. Where overall height of the truck with forks in the lowered position is limited by head room conditions the overhead guard may be omitted.

NOTE: This overhead guard is only intended to offer protection from the impact of small packages, boxes, bagged material, etc., representative of the job application. It is impractical to build a guard of sufficient strength to withstand the impact of a capacity load since such a guard would constitute a safety hazard because its structure would be so large that it might interfere with good visibility and would weigh so much that it might make the truck top-heavy and unstable.

(3) Power-operated fork lift trucks which handle small objects or unstable loads shall be equipped with a vertical load back rest or rack which shall have height, width and strength sufficient to prevent the load, or part of it, from falling toward the mast when the mast is in a position of maximum backward tilt.

(4) The forks on power-operated fork lift trucks shall be secured to the carriage so that unintentional lifting of the toe shall not occur on such application where this lifting may create a hazard. The factor of safety of forks shall be at least 3 to 1, based on the elastic limit of the material.

(5) Fork extensions or other attachments shall be suitably secured to prevent unintentional lifting or displacement on primary forks.

(6) All exposed wheels shall be provided with guards to prevent the wheels from throwing particles at the operator.

(7) Unless the steering mechanism is of a type that prevents road reactions from causing the steering handwheel to spin, the steering knob, if used, shall be of a mushroom type to engage the palm

of the operator's hand, or shall be arranged in some other manner to prevent injury. The knob shall be mounted within the perimeter of the wheel.

(8) All steering controls shall be confined within the clearances of the truck, or so guarded that movement of the controls shall not result in injury to the operator when passing obstructions, stanchions, etc.

(e) Special operating conditions. (1) Notification shall be given to the master or senior deck officer on board before placing power-operated industrial trucks in use aboard the vessel.

(2) When power-operated industrial trucks are in use on board vessels subject to the regulations in this part, they shall be in a safe operating condition.

(3) Spaces exposed to carbon monoxide or other hazardous vapors from the exhausts of power-operated industrial trucks shall have adequate ventilation. The concentration of carbon monoxide shall be kept below 100 parts per million in the holds and intermediate decks where persons are working. When necessary, portable blowers of adequate size and location shall be utilized.

(4) The parts and/or equipment of any power-operated truck requiring replacement shall be replaced only by parts and/or equipment equivalent in safety when installed with those used in the original design.

(5) Any truck that emits sparks or flames from the exhaust system shall immediately be removed from service, and not again returned to service until the cause for the emission of such sparks or flames has been eliminated.

(6) When the temperature of any part of the truck is found to be in excess of a safe operating temperature, the truck shall be removed from service unti1 such overheating has been corrected.

(7) Operation of trucks shall be halted immediately and the engines or motors secured, whenever an emergency condition arises aboard the vessel.

(8) Operation of trucks shall be halted immediately and the engines or motors secured in the event of breakage or leakage of containers used for the carriage of flammable liquids, flammable solids or oxidizing materials.

(9) The rated capacity of a truck shall at all times be posted on the truck