vessels.

which produce or are intended to produce an audible effect, the explosive content of which exceeds 12 grains each in weight, and pest control bombs, the explosive content of which exceeds 18 grains in weight; and any such devices, without respect to explosive content, which on functioning are liable to project or disperse metal, glass or brittle plastic fragments.

(i) Fireworks that combine an explosive and a detonator or blasting cap. (j) Fireworks containing an ammonium salt and a chlorate.

(k) Fireworks containing yellow or white phosphorus.

(1) Fireworks or fireworks compositions that ignite spontaneously or undergo marked decomposition when subjected for 48 consecutive hours to a temperature of 75° C. (167° F.).

(m) Fireworks condemned by the Interstate Commerce Commission except properly repacked samples for laboratory examinations.

(n) Toy torpedoes, the maximum outside dimension of which exceeds % inch, or toy torpedoes containing a mixture of potassium chlorate, black antimony and sulfur with an average weight

of explosive composition in each torpedo exceeding 4 grains.

(0) Toy torpedoes containing a cap composed of a mixture of red phosphorus and potassium chlorate exceeding an average of one-half (0.5) grain per cap. (p) Fireworks containing copper sulfate and a chlorate.

(q) New explosives except samples for laboratory examination and military explosives approved by the Chief of Ordnance, Department of the Army; Chief, Bureau of Naval Weapons, Department of the Navy; or Commander, Air Force Systems Command and Commander, Air Force Logistics Command, Department of the Air Force. All other new explosives must be approved for transportation by the Interstate Commerce Commission.

(r) Loaded firearms.

[CGFR 52-8, 17 F.R. 6464, July 17, 1952, as amended by CGFR 54-16, 19 F.R. 4929, Aug. 6, 1954; CGFR 56-29, 21 F.R. 7055, Sept. 20, 1956; CGFR 58-48, 23 F.R. 9635, Dec. 12, 1958; CGFR 62-11, 27 F.R. 5281, June 5, 1962; CGFR 62-48, 27 F.R. 12133, Dec. 7, 1962] § 146.20-5 Acceptable explosives.

(a) Acceptable explosives are divided by the Interstate Commerce Commission regulations into three classes according

to degree of hazard in transportation, as follows:

Class A explosives, detonating or otherwise of maximum hazard.

Class B explosives, inflammable hazard.
Class C explosives, minimum hazard.

(b) Acceptable explosives are defined by the Interstate Commerce Commission regulations as set forth in this subpart, and such definitions are binding upon all shippers making shipments of any explosives by common carrier vessels engaged in interstate or foreign commerce by water. Such definitions are accepted and adopted and form part of the regulations in this subchapter applying to all shippers making shipments of explosives by any vessel and shall apply to the owners, charterers, agents, masters or persons in charge of vessels and to other persons transporting, carrying, conveying, storing, stowing or using explosives on board any vessel.

§ 146.20-7 Class A explosives.

Class A explosives are defined as:

(a) Type 1. Solid explosives which can be caused to deflagrate by contact with sparks or flame such as produced by safety fuse or an electric squib, but cannot be detonated' by means of a No. 8 test blasting cap. Examples: Black powder and low explosives.

(b) Type 2. Solid explosives which contain a liquid explosive ingredient, and which, when unconfined,' can be detonated by means of a No. 8 test blasting cap;' or which can be exploded in at least 50 percent of the trials in the Bureau of

1 The detonation test is performed by placing the sample in an open-end fiber tube which is set on the end of a lead block approximately 11⁄2 inches in diameter and 4 inches high which, in turn, is placed on a solid base. A steel plate may be placed between the fiber tube and the lead block.

A No. 8 test blasting cap is one containing 2 grams of a mixture of 80 percent mercury fulminate and 20 percent potassium chlorate, or a cap of equivalent strength.

"Unconfined" as used in this section does not exclude the use of a paper or soft fiber tube wrapping to facilitate tests.

Explosives' Impact Apparatus' under a drop of 4 inches or more, but cannot be exploded in more than 50 percent of the trials under a drop of less than 4 inches. Examples: Commercial dynamite containing a liquid explosive ingredient.

2

(c) Type 3. Solid explosives which contain no liquid explosive ingredient and which can be detonated, when unconfined, by means of a No. 8 test blasting cap; or which can be exploded in at least 50 percent of the trials in the Bureau of Explosives' Impact Apparatus under a drop of 4 inches or more, but cannot be exploded in more than 50 percent of the trials under a drop of less than 4 inches. Examples: Commercial dynamite containing no liquid explosive ingredient, trinitrotoluene, amatol, tetryl, picric acid, urea nitrate, pentolite and commercial boosters.

(d) Type 4. Solid explosives which can be caused to detonate, when unconfined,' by contact with sparks or flame such as produced by safety fuse or an electric squib; or which can be exploded in the Bureau of Explosives' Impact Apparatus' in more than 50 percent of the trials under a drop of less than 4 inches. Examples: Initiating and priming explosives, lead azide, fulminate of mercury, etc.

(e) Type 5. Desensitized liquid explosives are explosives which may be detonated separately, or when absorbed in sterile absorbent cotton, by a No. 8 test blasting cap;' but which cannot be exploded in the Bureau of Explosives' Impact Apparatus' by a drop of less than 10 inches. The desensitizer must not be significantly more volatile than nitroglycerin and the desensitized explosive must not freeze at temperatures above minus 10° F. Example: Desensitized nitroglycerin.

(f) Type 6. Liquid explosives that can be exploded in the Bureau of Explosives'

The Bureau of Explosives impact apparatus is a testing device designed so that a guided 8-pound weight may be dropped from predetermined heights so as to impact specific quantities of liquid or solid materials under fixed conditions. Detailed prints may be obtained from the Bureau of Explosives, 63 Vesey Street, New York 7, N. Y.

Impact Apparatus' under a drop of less than 10 inches. Example: Nitroglycerin. See "Prohibited or not permitted explosives" in § 146.20-3.

(g) Type 7. (1) Blasting caps' are small tubes, usually made of an alloy of either copper or aluminum, or of molded plastic, closed at one end and loaded with a charge of initiating or priming explosives, Class A-Type 4, either with or without other suitable explosives. The total weight of explosives per unit shall not exceed 150 grains. Blasting caps' which have been provided with a means for firing by an electric current, and sealed, are known as electric blasting caps.

(2) Detonating primers are devices for commercial use which contain a detonator and an additional charge of explosives, all assembled in a suitable envelope.

(3) Detonating fuzes, class A explosives, are used in the military service to detonate the high explosive bursting charges of projectiles, mines, bombs, torpedoes, and grenades. In addition to a powerful detonator, they may contain several ounces of a high explosive, such as tetryl or dry nitrocellulose, all assembled in a heavy steel envelope. They may also contain a small amount of radioactive component. Those that are so made and packed that they will not cause functioning of other fuzeş, explosives, or explosive devices in the same or adjacent containers are classed as class C explosives.

(h) Type 8. (1) Any solid or liquid compound, mixture or device which is not specifically included in any of the above types, and which under special conditions may be so designated and approved by the Bureau of Explosives. Example: Shaped charge, commercial.

(2) A shaped charge, commercial, consists of a plastic, paper, or other suitable container comprising a charge of not to exceed 8 ounces of a high explosive containing no liquid explosive ingredient and with a hollowed-out portion (cavity) lined with a rigid material.

'Blasting caps, blasting caps with safety fuse, or electric blasting caps in quantities of 1,000 or less are classified as Class C explosives.

Detonaters or other initiating elements shall not be assembled in the device.

(1) Ammunition for cannon. Ammunition for cannon is fixed, semifixed, or -separate loading ammunition which is fired from a cannon, mortar, gun, howitzer or recoilless rifle.

(j) Ammunition for cannon with projectiles. Ammunition for cannon with explosive projectiles, gas projectiles, smoke projectiles, incendiary projectiles, illuminating projectiles, or shell, is fixed ammunition assembled in a unit consisting of the cartridge case containing the propelling charge and primer, and the projectiles, or shell, fuzed or unfuzed. Detonating fuzes, tracer fuzes, explosive or ignition devices, or fuze parts with explosives contained therein must not be assembled in ammunition or included in the same outside package unless shipped by, for, or to the Departments of the Army, Navy, or Air Force of the United States Government or unless of a type approved by the Bureau of Explosives.

(k) Explosive projectiles. Explosive projectiles are shells, projectiles, warheads, or rocket heads, loaded with explosives or bursting charges, with or without other materials, for use in cannons, guns, tubes, mortars or other firing or launching devices.

(1) Grenades. Grenades, hand or rifle, are small metal or other containers designed to be thrown by hand or projected from a rifle. They are filled with an explosive or a liquid, gas, or solid material such as a toxic or tear gas or an incendiary or smoke producing material and a bursting charge. When shipped without explosives or bursting charges, see "Chemical ammunition, class A or B poisons", as set forth in §§ 146.25-100 and 146.25-200. For tear gas grenades see § 146.25-300.

(m) Explosive bombs. Explosive bombs are metal or other containers filled with explosives. They are used in warfare and include aeroplane bombs and depth bombs.

(n) Explosive mines. Explosive mines are metal or composition containers filled with a high explosive.

(o) Explosive torpedoes. Explosive torpedoes, such as are used in warfare

are metal devices containing a means of propulsion and a quantity of high explosives.

(p) Rocket ammunition. Rocket ammunition (including guided missiles) consists of a completely assembled unit for launching from a tube, launcher, rails, trough or other launching device, in which the propellant material is a solid propellant explosive. Such unit

consists of an igniter, a rocket motor or jet thrust unit, and a warhead, either fuzed or unfuzed, containing high explosives or chemicals.

(q) Ammunition for small arms with explosive bullets or explosive projectiles. Ammunition for small arms with explosive bullets or ammunition for small arms with explosive projectiles is fixed ammunition to be used in machine guns or similar fire arms and consists of a metallic cartridge case, the primer and the propelling charge, with explosive bullet or explosive projectile with or without detonating fuze, the component parts necessary for one firing being all in one assembly. Detonating fuzes, tracer fuzes, explosive or ignition devices or fuze parts with explosives contained therein must not be assembled in ammunition or included in the same outside package unless shipped by, for, or to the Departments of the Army, Navy, or Air Force of the United States Government or unless of a type approved by the Bureau of Explosives.

(r) Chemical ammunition. Chemical ammunition used in warfare is all kind of explosive chemical projectiles, shells, bombs, grenades, etc., loaded with toxic, tear, or other gas, smoke or incendiary agent; also such miscellaneous apparatus as cloud-gas cylinders, smoke generators, etc., that may be utilized to project chemicals.

(s) Boosters, bursters and supplementary charges. Boosters and supplementary charges consist of a casing containing a high explosive and are used to increase the intensity of explosion of the detonator of a detonating fuse. Bursters consist of a casing containing a high explosive and are used to rupture a projectile or bomb to permit release of its contents.

(t) Jet thrust units (jato), Class A explosives. Jet thrust units (jato), Class A explosives, are metal cylinders containing a mixture of chemicals capable of burning rapidly and producing considerable pressure. Under certain conditions the chemical fuel with which the unit is loaded may explode. Jet thrust units are designed to be ignited by an electric igniter. They are used to assist aeroplanes to take off, to propel large missiles and to drive moving targets for practice firing.

(1) Igniters, jet thrust (jato), Class A explosives, are devices consisting of an electrically operated or remotely controlled igniting element and a fast-burning composition assembled in a unit for use in igniting the propelling charge of jet thrust units. Under certain conditions the burning composition may explode.

(u) Charged oil well jet perforating guns. Charged oil well jet perforating guns are steel tubes or metallic strips into which are inserted shaped charges connected

in series by primacord. Shaped charges installed in the steel tube or metallic strip shall contain not over 4 ounces of high explosive. These devices are not permitted to be shipped as cargo on board any vessel subject to the regulations in this subchapter.

(v) Type 9. Propellant explosives, Class A, are solid chemicals or solid mixtures which are designed to function by rapid combustion of successive layers, generally with little or no smoke. The combustion is controlled by composition, size, and form of grain. Propellant explosives, Class A, include some types of smokeless powder and some types of solid propellant explosives for jet thrust units, rockets or other devices. Any propellant explosive in Class A which detonates in any one out of five trials when tested in the packages in which it is offered for transportation. In conducting the test, one propellant container shall be surrounded by inert loaded containers of the same weight, including one inert container placed on top of the propellant container. The propellant shall be ignited by means of a commercial electric squib placed within 4 inches of the bottom of the container. The