presence of a crater and the absence of flame shall be considered as evidence of detonation.

[CGFR 52-8, 17 F.R. 6464, July 17, 1952; CGFR 52-62, 17 F.R. 11881, Dec. 31, 1952, as amended by CGFR 53-54, 18 F.R. 8231, Dec. 16, 1953; CGFR 54-52, 19 F.R. 8514, Dec. 14, 1954; CGFR 55-20, 20 F.R. 4053, June 10, 1555; CGFR 57-33, 22 F.R. 8572, Oct. 29, 1957; CGFR 57-49, 22 F.R. 10060, Dec. 14, 1957; CGFR 58-48, 23 F.R. 9635, Dec. 12, 1958; CGFR 59-46, 24 F.R. 9391, Nov. 21, 1959; CGFR 62-11, 27 F.R. 5281, July 5, 1962] § 146.20-9 Class B explosives.

Class B explosives are defined as those explosives which in general function by rapid combustion rather than detonation and include some explosive devices such as special fireworks, flash powders, some pyrotechnic signal devices and liquid or solid propellant explosives which include some smokeless powders. These explosives are further specifically described as:

(a) Ammunition for cannon with empty projectiles, inert-loaded projectiles, solid projectiles or without projectiles, or shell, and catapult charges exceeding 2 inches in diameter, is fixed ammunition assembled in a unit consisting of the cartridge case containing the propelling charge and primer with empty, inert-loaded, or solid projectiles, or without projectiles, which is fired from a cannon, mortar, gun, howitzer or recoilless rifle.

(b) Rocket ammunition is fixed ammunition which is fired from a tube, launcher, rails, trough, or other device as distinguished from cannon ammunition which is fired from a cannon, gun, or mortar. It consists of an igniter and propelling charge, commonly described as a motor, and empty projectile, inertloaded projectile or solid projectile, or without projectiles.

(c) Special fireworks are manufactured articles designed primarily for the purpose of producing visible or audible pyrotechnic effects by combustion or explosion. (See Class C explosives for "Fireworks, common".) Examples are toy torpedoes, railway torpedoes, some firecrackers and salutes, exhibition display pieces, aeroplane flares, illuminating projectiles, incendiary projectiles, in

cendiary bombs or incendiary grenades and smoke projectiles or smoke bombs fuzed or unfuzed and containing expelling charges but without bursting charges, flash powders in inner units not exceeding 2 ounces each, flash sheets in interior packages, flash powder or spreader cartridges containing not over 72 grains of flash powder each and flash cartridges consisting of a paper cartridge shell, small-arms primer, and flash composition, not exceeding 180 grains all assembled in one piece. Fireworks must be in a finished state, exclusive of mere ornamentation, as supplied to the retail trade and must be so constructed and packed that loose pyrotechnic composition will not be present in packages in transportation.

(d) Jet thrust units (jato), Class B explosives, are metal cylinders containing a mixture of chemicals capable of burning rapidly and producing considerable pressure. Jet thrust units are designed to be ignited by an electric igniter. They are used to assist aeroplanes to take off, to propel large missiles, and to drive moving targets for practice firing.

(1) Igniters, jet thrust, are devices consisting of an electrically operated or remotely controlled igniting element and a fast-burning composition assembled in a unit for use in igniting the propelling charge of jet thrust units.

(2) Starter cartridges, jet engine, consist of plastic/rubber cases, each containing a pressed cylindrical block of propellant explosives and having in the top of the case a small plastic compartment that encloses an electric squib, small amounts of black powder, and smokeless powder, which constitutes an igniter. The starter cartridge is used to activate a mechanical starter for jet engines.

(e) Propellant explosives, Class B, are solid or liquid chemicals or chemical mixtures which function by combustion. The combustion is controlled by composition, size, form of grain, or other chemical or mechanical means. Any propellant is Class B which fails to detonate in five trials when tested in the package in which it is offered for shipment. In conducting the test, one

propellant container shall be surrounded by inert loaded containers of the same weight, including one inert container placed on top of the propellant container. The propellant shall be ignited by means of a commercial electric squib placed within 4 inches of the bottom of the container. The presence of a crater and absence of flame shall be considered as evidence of detonation. Propellant explosives, Class B, include smokeless powder for small arms, smokeless powder for cannon, liquid monopropellant fuel, smokeless powder, or solid propellant explosives for rockets, jet thrust units, or other devices. Black powder is not included in this classification and is defined in § 146.20-7(a). Fire extinguisher charges containing not to exceed 50 grains of propellant explosives per unit are exempt from the regulations in this part.

(f) Explosive power devices, Class B, are devices designed to operate ejecting apparatus or other mechanisms by means of a propellant explosive, Class B, and differ from explosive power devices, Class C, in that they contain larger or more powerful propellants. The devices must not rupture on functioning and must be of a type approved by the Interstate Commerce Commission. Explosive power devices, Class B, must not be shipped with igniters assembled therein unless shipped by, for, or to the Departments of the Army, Navy, and Air Force of the United States Government. [CGFR 52-8, 17 F.R. 6464, July 17, 1952, as amended by CGFR 54-16, 19 F.R. 4929, Aug. 6, 1954; CGFR 57-33, 22 F.R. 8572, Oct. 29, 1957; CGFR 57-49, 22 F.R. 10060, Dec. 14, 1957; CGFR 58-48, 23 F.R. 9635, Dec. 12, 1958; CGFR 60-70, 25 F.R. 11210, Nov. 26, 1960; CGFR 60-33, 25 F.R. 5237, June 11, 1960] § 146.20-11 Class C explosives.

Class C explosives are defined as certain types of manufactured articles which contain Class A, or Class B explosives, or both, as components but in restricted quantities, and certain types of fireworks. These explosives are further specifically described as:

(a) Small-arms ammunition is fixed ammunition consisting of a metallic, plastic composition, or paper cartridge case, a primer, and a propelling charge,

with or without bullet, shot, tear gas material, tracer components, or incendiary compositions or mixtures, but not including bullets loaded with high explosives, and is further limited to the following:

(1) Ammunition designed to be fired from a pistol, revolver, rifle or shotgun held by the hand or to the shoulder.

(2) Ammunition of caliber less than .75 inch (19.05 millimeters) designed to be fired from machine guns.

(3) Blank cartridges including canopy remover cartridges, starter cartridges and seat ejector cartridges, containing not more than 500 grains of propellant powder, provided that such cartridges shall be incapable of functioning en mass as a result of the functioning of any single cartridge in the container or as a result of exposure to external flame.

(b) Explosive cable cutters are used for cutting cables, etc. They consist of a metal device containing a knife-edged component which is propelled by a small charge of an explosive compound.

(c) Cordeau detonant fuse is a fuse containing a core of pentaerythrite tetranitrate or cyclotrimethylene-trinitramine not exceeding 400 grains per linear foot, overspun with tapes, yarns and plastics or waterproofing compounds.. Wire countering is permissible.

(d) Percussion fuzes, combination fuzes, and time fuzes are devices designed to ignite powder charges of ammunition or to initiate an intermediate charge (booster) in projectiles, bombs, etc. When such fuzes are assembled with booster charges they are properly described as "detonating fuzes" (see § 146.20-7 (g) (3)).

(e) Tracer fuzes and tracers are devices which are attached to projectiles and contain a slow-burning composition to show the flight of projectiles at night.

(f) Cartridge bags, empty, with black powder igniters consist of empty bags having attached thereto an igniter composed of black powder.

(g) Igniters consist of fiberboard, plastic, paper or metal tubes containing a small quantity of igniting compound which is ignited by the action of a

primer, pull wire or scratch composition.

(h) Delay electric igniters consist of small metal, fiberboard, or pasteboard tubes containing a wire bridge in contact with a small quantity of ignition compound. The ignition compound is in contact with or in close proximity to a short piece of safety fuse.

(i) Electric squibs consist of small tubes or blocks containing a small quantity of ignition compound in contact with a wire bridge.

(j) Fuse lighters and fuse igniters are small cylindrical hollow pasteboard or metal tubes containing an igniting composition in one end, the other end being open to permit it to be placed on safety fuse.

(k) Safety squibs are small paper tubes containing a small quantity of black powder. One end of each tube is usually twisted and tipped with sulfur.

(1) Instantaneous fuse is cotton yarn impregnated with meal powder. Each outside container shall be plainly marked "Instantaneous Fuse".

(m) Primers are devices used to ignite the powder charges of ammunition or the black powder bursting charges of projectiles. For small-arms ammunition, the primers are "small-arms primers" or "percussion caps".

(n) Safety fuse consists of a core of black powder overspun with yarns, water-proofing compounds, and/or tapes.

(0) Toy paper caps, consisting of paper cap ammunition for toy pistols, in sheets, strips, rolls, or individual caps, must not contain more than an average of twenty-five hundredths of a grain of explosive composition per cap and must be packed in inside packages constructed of cardboard not less than 0.013 inch in thickness, metal not less than 0.008 inch in thickness, or noncombustible plastic not less than 0.15 inch in thickness, which shall provide a complete enclosure and the minimum dimensions of each side or end of such package shall be not less than 8 inch in height. Unless greater weight of composition is approved by the Bureau of Explosives, the number of caps in these inside packages shall be limited so that not more than 10 grains of explosive composition shall be packed into 1 cubic inch of space and not exceed

ing 17.5 grains of the explosive composition of toy caps shall be packed in any inside container. These inner containers must be packed in outside containers as specified in § 146.20-300.

(p) Explosive rivets, each containing not more than 375 milligrams of explosive composition, are exempt from specification packaging and labeling requirements when packed in pasteboard or other inside boxes in securely closed strong wooden boxes, fiberboard boxes or metal containers. Each outside container must be marked "Explosive Rivets."

(q) Common fireworks are fireworks devices suitable for use by the public and designed primarily to produce visible effects by combustion. Some small devices designed to produce audible effects are also included in this class. The types, sizes and amount of pyrotechnic contents of these devices are limited as enumerated in this paragraph. No component, of any device listed in this paragraph, which produces or is intended to produce an audible effect shall contain pyrotechnic composition in excess of 2 grains in weight; nor shall such device or component, upon functioning, project or disperse any metal, glass or brittle plastic fragments. (Propelling or expelling charges consisting of a mixture of sulfur, charcoal and saltpeter are not considered as designed to produce audible effects.) Any new device, not enumerated in this paragraph, must be approved by the ICC before being offered for transportation as common fireworks. Common fireworks must be in a finished state exclusive of mere ornamentation as supplied to the retail trade and must be so constructed and packed that loose pyrotechnic composition will not be present in packages in transportation. Fireworks, other than common fireworks as defined in this paragraph and those forbidden for transportation by § 146.20-3 are classed as special fireworks (see Class B explosives). The devices are:

(1) Roman candles, not exceeding 10 balls spaced uniformly in the tube, total pyrotechnic composition not to ex

ceed 20 grams each in weight. The inside tube diameter shall not exceed % inch.

(2) Sky rockets with sticks, total pyrotechnic composition not to exceed 20 grams each in weight. The inside tube diameter shall not exceed 1⁄2 inch. The rocket sticks must be securely fastened to the tubes.

(3) Helicopter type rockets, total pyrotechnic composition not to exceed 20 grams each in weight. The inside tube diameter shall not exceed 1⁄2 inch.

(4) Cylindrical fountains, total pyrotechnic composition not to exceed 75 grams each in weight. The inside tube diameter shall not exceed 3/4 inch.

(5) Cone fountains, total pyrotechnic composition not to exceed 50 grams each in weight.

(6) Wheels, total pyrotechnic composition not to exceed 60 grams for each driver unit or 240 grams for each complete wheel. The inside tube diameter of driver units shall not exceed 1⁄2 inch.

(7) Illuminating torches and colored fire in any form, total pyrotechnic composition not to exceed one hundred grams each in weight.

(8) Sparklers and dipped sticks, total pyrotechnic composition not to exceed 100 grams each in weight. Pyrotechnic composition containing any chlorate or perchlorate shall not exceed 5 grams.

(9) Mines and shells of which the mortar is an integral part, total pyrotechnic composition not to exceed 40 grams each in weight.

(10) Firecrackers and salutes with casings, the external dimensions of which do not exceed 11⁄2 inches in length or 4 inch in diameter, total pyrotechnic composition not to exceed 2 grains each in weight.

(11) Novelties consisting of two or more devices enumerated in this paragraph when approved by the Bureau of Explosives.

(r) Igniter cord consists of textile yarns and/or wire uniformly covered with a combustible chemical mixture, with or without additional textile or wire countering, waterproofing or finishing coating which, when ignited, burns externally at various rates according to design.

(s) Detonating fuzes, Class C explosives, are used in the military service to detonate high explosive bursting charges of projectiles, mines, bombs, torpedoes and grenades. They contain a detonator and a quantity of high explosives. Detonating fuzes, Class C explosives, must be made and packed so that they will not cause functioning of other fuzes, explosives or explosive devices if one of the fuzes detonates in a shipping container or in adjacent containers.

(t) Explosive auto alarms are tubular devices containing a small amount of explosive composition and igniting compound which is ignited by an electric spark. These devices must be so designed that they will neither burst nor cause external flame on functioning.

(u) Toy propellant devices and toy smoke devices consist of small paper or composition tubes or containers containing a small charge of slow burning propellant powder or smoke producing powder. These devices must be so designed that they will neither burst nor produce external flame on functioning.

(v) Oil well cartridges are tubular devices consisting of a thin fiber, metal, or composition shell containing not more than 200 grains of propellant powder and having no ignition device or element.

(w) Actuating cartridges, explosive, fire extinguisher or valve consist of a small metal or fiber housing containing a small amount of initiating explosive and a propellant and are used to actuate valves on remotely controlled fire extinguishers or other apparatus.

(x) Cigarette loads, trick matches and trick noise makers, explosive, must be of a type approved by the Interstate Commerce Commission, and are described as follows:

(1) Cigarette loads consist of wooden pegs to which are affixed a small amount of explosive composition.

(2) Trick matches consist of book matches, strike anywhere matches, or strike-on-box matches which have small amounts of explosives or pyrotechnic composition affixed to the match stem just below the match head.

(3) Trick noise makers, explosive, consist of spheres containing a small amount of explosive composition.

(y) Smoke candles, smoke pots, smoke grenades, and smoke signals containing not more than 200 grams of pyrotechnic composition each exclusive of smoke compositions, without bursting charges, hand signal devices, very signal cartridges, and highway or railway fusees are devices designed to produce visible effects for signal purposes.

(1) Pyrotechnic compositions (other than smoke compositions) are defined as chemical mixtures which on burning and without explosion produce visible or brilliant displays or bright lights.

(2) Pyrotechnic smoke compositions are defined as chemical smoke producing mixtures, which on ignition burn at a controlled rate, without the production of flame and without the build-up of internal pressure that would rupture or burst the end product.

(z) Explosive release devices consist of a rod or link fitted with means for mechanical attachment to other apparatus or equipment and containing a small electrically initiated explosive charge which will break the rod or link upon functioning. These devices must be so designed that they will not function other explosive devices in the package sympathetically.

(aa) Explosive power devices, Class C, are devices designed to drive generators or mechanical apparatus by means of propellant explosives, Class B.

The

devices consist of a housing with a contained propellant charge and an electric igniter or squib. The devices must be of a design approved by the Interstate Commerce Commission for this classification.

(bb) Mild detonating fuse, metal clad, consists of a core containing not more than 21⁄2 grains of high explosive composition per lineal foot, clad with metal either with or without a covering of tapes, yarns, plasters or waterproofing compounds.

(cc) Igniter fuse-metal clad, consists of a base lead tube with a core of high explosive composition in quantity not exceeding 20 grains per foot.

(dd) Starter cartridges, jet engine, Class C, consist of a metal plastic and/or rubber case each containing a pressed cylindrical block of flammable solid material and having in the top of the case a small compartment that encloses an electric squib, small amount of black powder and/or smokeless powder which constitute an igniter. The starter cartridge is used to activate a mechanical starter for jet engines and must be of a type approved by the ICC except as provided for in § 146.20-3 (q) and § 146.20-13 (a).

[CGFR 52-8, 17 F.R. 6464, July 17, 1952, as amended by CGFR 53-54, 18 F.R. 8231, Dec. 16, 1953; CGFR 54-52, 19 F.R. 8514, Dec. 14, 1954; CGFR 55-20, 20 F.R. 4053, June 10, 1955; CGFR 56-29, 21 F.R. 7055, Sept. 20, 1956; CGFR 57-33, 22 F.R. 8572, Oct. 29, 1957; CGFR 57-49, 22 F.R. 10060, Dec. 14, 1957; CGFR 58-9, 23 F.R. 4844, June 29, 1958; CGFR 58-48, 23 F.R. 9635, Dec. 12, 1958; CGFR 59-14, 24 F.R. 5270, June 30, 1959; CGFR 59-46, 24 F.R. 9391, Nov. 21, 1959; CGFR 60-33, 25 F.R. 5237, June 11, 1960; CGFR 61-44, 26 F.R. 11019, Nov. 23, 1961; CGFR 62-48, 27 F.R. 12133, Dec. 7, 1962]

§ 146.20-13 Samples of explosives and explosive articles for laboratory and examination purposes.

(a) New explosives, including fireworks and explosive devices, other than Army, Navy or Air Force explosive or chemical ammunition of a security classification, must be approved by the I.C.C. as safe for transportation before being offered for shipment, except that a sample of such explosives, fireworks and explosive devices, not to exceed 5 pounds net weight, may be offered for transportation on board cargo vessels subject to the regulations in this subchapter for the purpose of this examination. Samples of explosives, except liquid nitroglycerin, other than new explosives for laboratory examination not exceeding 5 pounds net weight may be offered for transportation by cargo vessels subject to the regulations of this subchapter. For the purposes of the regulations in this part a new explosive, including fireworks and explosive devices, is the product of a new factory or an explosive or explosive device of an essentially new