ANNUAL REPORT.

COLUMBUS, OHIO, June 25, 1890.

To His Excellency, JAMES E. CAMPBELL, Governor of Ohio:

SIR: The act establishing the Ohio State Bureau of Forestry, makes it the duty of said Bureau "to report annually to the Governor the results of the investigations, together with such other information as the Board may deem necessary for the promotion of forestry in the State." In accordance with this provision the Fifth Annual Report is herewith submitted.

As the investigations and proceedings of the Bureau are fully and ably reported by the Secretary, Prof. Adolph Leué, I shall refrain from dwelling upon them, but will ask your careful consideration of the work of the Bureau as set forth in the Secretary's Report.

IMPORTANCE OF FOREST CULTURE.

The importance of forest culture is in no country better exemplified than in Germany, which to-day presents the most complete system of forest management of the world.

To Frederick the Great is due the honor of reclaiming, through systematic tree planting, many millions of acres of sterile land and converting it into a garden of luxuriance and beauty. We are told by the historian that vast armies of stalwart men are raised upon soil that two hundred and fifty years ago would hardly support a flock of goats, and all this through the means of cultivated forests.

Prussia alone has more than 20,000,000 acres of systematically planted forests, more than 10,000.000 of which are owned and managed by the government, while all the private forests are under governmental control. This vast area of artificial forests employs the services of a Government Forest Director, 12 over-forest-masters, 100 forest-masters, 760 overforesters, 3,646 foresters or overseers and a small army of laborers, and produces an annual revenue of over fourteen million dollars, or more than six and a half million above all expenses. But this vast sum of money represents but a small part of the real benefits which Prussia receives from her government forests. The healthfulness of her climate, the productive

ness of her soil, in short, her greatness and prosperity depend largely upon her artificial forests.

In this connection let me say that nearly every government of Europe has large areas in systematically planted forests under their direct control and management.

Besides, Italy, Denmark, Austria, Prussia and Saxony have each one or more schools of forestry with great experimental stations attached, where young men are educated in the science of forest culture.

But it is said these countries have monarchical forms of government. The few have absolute power and are therefore able to make the necessary provisions for the restoration and conservation of forests, but in a republic the people are the source of authority, and if they do not see the dangers that threaten them the necessary legislation can not be had. It is true that laws will not be enacted much in advance of the general sentiment of the people-what must be done? Educate the people. Impress the people with the true importance of the subject. This the Ohio State Bureau of Forestry has been endeavoring to do, through its publications, and the Legislature and Governors through Arbor Day celebrations, till I feel justified in saying that public sentiment is so far advanced in this State, that it will look with great favor upon any measure calculated to further the objects of forestry. I have therefore read your recommendation in reference to the establishment of a chair of forestry in the Ohio University at Athens, and I congratulate you most heartily upon the sentiments you express.

The State Legislature can do no more important work, or any that will reflect more credit upon its members or upon the State, than to pass the forestry bill now before it, establishing a chair of forestry in the Ohio University in accordance with your message. It would be the most important step yet taken in this country for the advancement of its forestal interests, and I know our people will approve.

Respectfully submitted.

JOHN B. PEASLEE,
President State Forestry Bureau.

CONTENTS OF THE SECRETARY'S REPORT.

I. Forestry in Ohio, by Adolph Leué.

II. (1.) Journey of the State Board of Forestry through a portion of the Hocking Valley, by Adolph Leué.

(2.) Report of the State delegation to the American Forestry Congress, Philadelphia, Pa.

III. Forestry Education

(a.) Extract from the inaugural address of His Excellency, Gov. James

E. Campbell. Forestry.

(b.) Copy of H. B. No. 186. A bill to provide for the establishment of a school of forestry at the Ohio University at Athens, Ohio.

(c.) Memorial on the bill.

(d.) Endorsements of the bill: Edgar T. Ensign, Prof. N. H. Egleston, Dr. Chas. Mohr.

IV. Opinions on the necessity of providing for the instruction in the science and practice of foresty: Hon. John Sterling Morton, Prof. Edward Orton, Ph. D., Dr. Dan. Millikin, T. H. Charlton, Hon. Chas. Reemelin, Gov. John M. Thayer, Hon. G. W. Minier, Hon. Isaac Smucker, Judge Joseph Cox, Prof. Albert N. Prentiss. M. S., Cornell University, Prof. Selden Jennings Coffin, Ph. D., Lafayette College, Hon. A. P. Byal, Gov. James A. Beaver, of Pennsylvania, Hon. C. H. Grosvenor, M. C, Dr. N. E. Jones.

V. Efforts for the advancement of forestal education in the State of New York-
Schools of Forestry by D. D. T. Moore, Dr. Nichlas Jarchow.

VI. The Necessity of Forests and Forestry, by Adolph Leué.

VII. Roadside Tree planting, compiled by Adolph Leué.

VIII. New Method of Planting in the Forest, by Forestmaster Moritz Kozesnick, translated by Mrs. Conradine Adolph Leué.

IX. General Observations on Forest Zoology, by Adolph Leué.

X. The Rabbit.

XI. The Mole.

XII. The Hedgehog or Porcupine.

XIII. Bats.

XIV. Facts about Birds and their mode of living.

XV. The Thrushes, by Dr John E. Douglass.

(a.) The Brown Thrush.

(b.) The Catbird.

(c.) The Robin.

(d.) The Woodthrush.

(e.) The Mocking Bird

(f.) The Young Robin.

XVI. Beech Tree Blight, by Dr. J. A. Lintner.

XVII. The Absence of Trees from Prairies, by Prof. Daniel Vaughan.

XVIII. Forestry as related to the General Government, and to that of States, by Dr. N. E. Jones.

XIX. Succession of Forest Growth, by Robert Douglass.

XX. Forests and Rainfall, by Cassius M. Clay.

XXI. Forests and Rainfall, by Sylvester Fowler. Forests and Water-courses, Prof. N. L. Shalor.

XXII. Tree Culture on Prairies, by Isaac Smucker.

XXIII. Forest Planting in Virginia, by Burnett Landreth.

XXIV. Wagon timber grown from seeds on the prairies of Illinois.