more or less strong, the words being spoken in a whisper. It is used to express amazement, fear, terror, horror, revenge, and remorse; as,

2.

Ha! who comes here?

Cold drops of sweat hang on my trembling flesh,
My blood grows chilly, and I freeze with horror!

The ancient Earl, with stately grace,

Would Clara on her palfrey place,
And whisper, in an under-tone,

"Let the hawk stoop, his prey is flown."

4. THE GUTTURAL is a deep under-tone, used to express hatred, contempt, and loathing. It usually occurs on the emphatic words; as,

1.

2.

Thou slave, thou wretch, thou coward!

Thou cold-blooded slave!

Thou wear a lion's hide?

Doff it, for shame, and hang

A calf-skin on those recreant limbs.
Thou stand'st at length before me undisguised,
Of all earth's groveling crew the most accursed,
Thou worm! thou viper!-to thy native earth
Return! Away! Thou art too base for man
To tread upon. Thou scum! thou reptile!

5. THE TREMULOUS TONE, or tremor, consists of a treni ulous iteration, or a number of impulses of sound of the least assignable duration. It is used in excessive grief, pity, plaintiveness, and tenderness; in an intense degree of suppressed excitement, or satisfaction; and when the voice is enfeebled by age.

The tremulous tone should not be applied throughout the whole of an extended passage, but only on selected emphatic words, as otherwise the effect would be monotonous. In the second of the following examples, where the tremor of age is supposed to be joined with that of supplicating distress, the tremulous tone may be applied to every emphatic syllable capa

ble of prolongation, which is the case with all except those of pity and shortest; but even these may receive it in a limited degree. The third example, which is taken from PARADISE LOST, in the tenth book, calls for a marked tremulous movement on emphatic words; as speech attended with tears always exhibits more or less tremor, and Eve is said, in the lines that follow, to have "ended weeping," and her supplication to have been accompanied "with tears that ceased not flowing." Some of the syllables, however, embracing the deepest feeling of contrition, have not sufficient quantity to allow the eminent intonation of the tremor. The word beg and the accented syllable of uttermost are of this nature. The tremulous tone may be effectually placed on bereave, only, forlorn, thee, more, and other words, which, through their indefinite quantity, give ample measure to intonation.

1.

EXAMPLES.

O love, remain! It is not yet near day!
It was the nightingale, and not the lark,
That pierced the fearful hollow of thine ear;
Nightly she sings in yon pomegranate-tree.
Believe me, love, it was the nightingale.
2. Pity the sorrows of a poor old man,

3.

Whose trembling limbs have borne him to your door,
Whose days are dwindled to the shortest span:
O give relief, and Heaven will bless your store.
Forsake me not thus, Adam! Witness, Heaven,
What love sincere and reverence in my heart
I bear thee, and unwitting have offended,
Unhappily deceived! Thy suppliant,
I beg, and clasp thy knees: bereave me not,
Whereon I live, thy gentle looks, thy aid,
Thy counsel in this uttermost distress,
My only strength and stay. Forlorn of thee,
Whither should I betake me, where subsist?
While yet we live, scarce one short hour perhaps,
Between us two let there be peace; both joining,
As join'd in injuries, one enmity

Against a foe by doom express assign'd us,

That cruel serpent. On me exercise not
Thy hate for this misery befallen;

On me already lost, me than thyself

More miserable! Both have sinn'd; but thou
Against God only; I against God and thee,
And to the place of judgment will return,
There with my cries importune Heaven, that all
The sentence, from thy head removed, may light
On me, sole cause to thee of all this woe;
Me, me only, just object of his ire!

RATE.

RATE refers to movement, and is QUICK, MODERATE, or SLOW.

1. QUICK RATE is used to express joy, mirth, confusion, violent anger, and sudden fear; as,

1. Away! away! our fires stream bright Along the frozen river,

2.

8.

And their arrowy sparkles of brilliant light
On the forest branches quiver.

Away! away to the rocky glen,

Where the deer are wildly bounding!
And the hills shall echo in gladness again,
To the hunter's bugle sounding.

The lake has burst! The lake has burst!

Down through the chasms the wild waves flee:
They gallop along, with a roaring song,

Away to the eager awaiting sea!

4. And there was mounting in hot haste: the steed,
The mustering squadron, and the clattering car
Went pouring forward with impetuous speed,
And swiftly forming in the ranks of war.

2. MODERATF RATE is used in ordinary assertion, narration, and description; in cheerfulness, and the gentler forms of the emotions; as,

1. When the sun walks upon the blue sca-waters,

Smiling the shadows from yon purple hills.

We pace this shōre,-I and my brother here,
Good Gerald. We arise with the shrill lark,
And both unbind our brows from sullen dreams;
And then doth my dear brother, who hath worr
His cheek all pallid with perpetual thought,
Enrich me with sweet words; and oft a smile
Will stray amidst his lessons, as he marks
New wonder paint my check, or fondly reads,
Upon the burning page of my black eyes,
The truth reflected which he casts on me :-
For he is like the sun,-giving me light;
Pouring into the caves of my young brain
Knowledge from his bright fountains! Thus it is
I drink in the starry truth. Science and Art,

And Learning pale, all crown my thoughts with flowers;
And Music waiteth on me, sad and sweet;

And great Imagination, for my sake,

Lets loose her dreams, and bids her wonders flow
By me, until I talk in poetry!

2. Warriors and statesmen have their meed of praise,
And what they do, or suffer, men record;

But the long sacrifice of woman's days
Passes without a thought, without a word;
And many a lofty struggle for the sake

Of duties sternly, faithfully fulfill'd—

For which the anxious mind must watch and wake,
And the strong feelings of the heart be still'd-
Goes by unheeded as the summer wind,

And leaves no memory and no trace behind!

Yet it may be, more lofty courage dwells

In one meek heart which braves an adverse fate,

Than his whose ardent soul indignant swells

Warm'd by the fight, or cheer'd through high debate. The soldier dies surrounded: could he live,

Alone to suffer, and alone to strive?

3. SLOW RATE is used to express grandeur, vastness, pathos, solemnity, adoration, horror, and consternation; as,

1.

2.

3.

O thou Eternal One! whose presence bright

All space doth occupy, all motion guide;
Unchanged through time's all-devastating flight;
Thou only God! There is no God beside!
The curfew tolls the knell of parting day;

The lowing herd winds slowly o'er the lea;
The plowman homeward plods his weary way,
And leaves the world to darkness and to me.
Roll on, thou deep and dark-blue ocean-roll!
Ten thousand fleets sweep over thee in vain :
Man marks the earth with ruin-his control
Stops with the shore;-upon the watery plain
The wrecks are all thy deed, nor doth remain
A shadow of man's ravage, save his own,
When, for a moment, like a drop of rain,
He sinks into thy depths with bubbling groan,
Without a grave, unknell'd, uncoffin'd, and unknown.

EXERCISE ON RATE.

Select a sentence, and deliver it as slow as may be possible without drawling. Repeat the sentence with a slight increase of rate, until you shall have reached a rapidity of utterance at which distinct articulation ceases. Having done this, reverse the process, repeating slower and slower. This exercise will enable pupils to acquire the ability to increase and diminish rate at pleasure, which is one of the most important elements of good reading and speaking.

SECTION V.-MONOTONE.

MONOTONE Consists of a degree of sameness of sound, or tone, in a number of successive words or syllables.

It is very seldom the case that a perfect sameness is to be observed in reading any passage or sentence. But very little variety of tone, or in other words, the MONOTONE, is to be used. in reading either prose or verse which contains elevated descriptions, or emotions of solemnity, sublimity, or reverence. The