RAIL ROAD-PORTAGE SU IMIT, OHIO, TO HUD. SON RIVER. the state of Pennsylvania, and some of its numerous miles; and the western shore between those points branches approximate near the streams which dis. is very favorable for any improvement, with an exception of 3 1.8 miles; and materials for the works charge into the Genesce and Allegany rivers. [Report concluded-from page 197.] 60. The Conhocton, at Bath, is 1120 feet; the are found in great abundance, and good quality, and 50. In reviewing the rou es between the Delaware ridge which lies between it and the Canisteo valley conveniently to be procured. 70. Olean Point is 1,410 feet; Warren, 1,196 and the Susquehanna river, we will discover that. is 1840; and Arkport, on the last stream, is 1,194 unless a direct line crossing the dividing ridge which feet; and the height of the land between Arkport feet; Franklin, 990 feet; Pittsburg, 756 feet; and Separates those streams is adopted, and if the works nd the Angelica creek is 2,062 feet; and the vil-the mouth of the Big Beaver, 698 feet, above tide are not confined to their valleys, stationary power lage of Angelica, 1428 fect, above tide. The length water; and the fall, in the whole distance, is 712 will become frequently necessary. If we examine 71. The Alleghany river, with many of its iles, and the total rise and fall of the route is either of the southern routes, it will be seen that the route between Bath and Angelica is 45 1 2 feet. there are two summits requiring stationary engines: 2 868 feet, which gives an average grade of 62 feel branches, rises on a very extensive table land, n and, to avoid the great bend of the Susquehanna river, if we follow the most direct line, there will per mile. By adopting this route, it would require which also originate many of the streams which stationary engines on the summits between the flow into Lakes Ontario and Erie; and, as far as be a third summit 1,557 above tide, to overcome. Conhocton and the Canisteo, and between the last the mouth of Big Beaver, the whole beds of the AlThese routes would occasion a waste of time in the stream and Angelica crock and increases consider-leghany and Ohio rivers are much elevated above the surface of Lake Erie. The branches of those streams transit of trade, and would add considerably to the ably the length of the road. expense of the works; and could not be justified, unless supported by reat inducements of public utility and accommodation. works. 52. By following the line avoiding the great bend of the Susquehanna, and passing over the summit 1,557 feet above tide, the length of the route Mr. Ileury would be considerably diminished. stated the length of the line between Deposit and This route Russell's tavern to be 27 1.4 miles. would confine the work entirely in the State of New York. mile. mile. 61. The summit level of the Chemung canal is also extend far into the country, while those which 920 feet, and the dam at the Chimney narrows will discharge into that take nave a very rapid and brief 51. The country between the Susquehanna and create slack water to the mouth of the Canister-course. The country, therefore, on the Alleghany The village of Hornelsville, on that stream, is esti slope, is indented by streams with moderately elevathe tlu son rivers presents to the eye a succession of nated to be elevated 160 feet above its mouth; and ted banks, while, on the lake side, the surface of the knobs, clusters, and chains of mountains, variegated the distance to Tioga point, by following the val. country is more abrupt in its descent, and the streams The rise is, have scooped out deep and gloomy defiles. by ridges and hills, and interspersed by deep and 72. From Olean point the line descends the Alle. fertile valleys and uplands. The soil is principally eys of those streams, is 74 miles. gravel and foam, and the lands abound in stone, and therefore, 305 feet, and the grade of the road beConnewango creek, and the outlet of Chautauque other materials suitable for the construction of the tween those points would not exceed 4 feet per ghany river to Warren. It would then follow the 62. The height of land which lies between the lake to Jamestown, or wonld continue down the sources of the Conedco and Angelica creeks, is es. Alleghany river to the mouth of Broken Straw timated at 1750 feet above tide; and if the eleva-creek; which stream it would ascend to its sources, tion is correctly stated, there is a rise of 670 feet and intersect the head waters of the French creek, from Hornelsville to the summit, and the fall to the and the outlet of the Conneaut lake. These routes are all considered practicable, as they have been village of Angelica is 322 feet. 63. The Genesee river, at Belvidere, is 1,299 surveyed for canal improvements, and pronounced feet, the dividing ridge between the Genesee and Al- feasible. 73. The routes mentioned are very circuitous: to 53. The north branch of the Susquehanna riverleghany river is 1,488 feet, and the last stream at Olean point is 1,410 feet, above tide; and the ag- avoid them, twofothers have been suggested. The is proposed to be improved by locks and dams to The length of the improve-gregate rise and fall is 406 feet. If to this be added first, which I shall consider, has bean surveyed by the Otsego lake. ment would be 82 miles, and the fall is 292 feet. the elevation and depression of the route between Mr. Silas Tiffany, who says, "I have examined the the first point and Hornelsville, it gives 1,398 feet. pass from the Alleghany river, by way of Covey's If a Rail road should be substituted, the average The distance is 77 miles, and the average grade Gap to the Chenango creek, and find the olevation grade of the work would not exceed 3 1-2 feet per would be about 17 feet per mile. But the length of about 130 feet above the stream." The place at 54. Near the mouth of the Sturuca creek the the route between Hornelsville and the Genesee which the proposed route would leave the valley of route unites with the one contemplated from the river is 24 miles, and the total rise and fall on that the Alleghany river is 42 miles from Olean point, village of Carbondale to the Susquehanna river, part is 1,121 feet; stationary power would, there- and 7 from the New York and Pennsylvania bounand it is probable that this junction would be more fore, be required between those points. The aggre- dary line. Vanhorn's creek, which the route would gate rise and fall between the Genesee and Ailegba- follow to Covey's gap, is about 5 miles in length beneficial to the interest of the latter improve. ment, than an extension of the Ithaca and Owego by river at Olean point, is 277 feet, and the distance and the width of its valley is from 80 to 100 rods.is 33 miles; which will not be quite 7 feet rise and Its sources nearly interlock with Carr's run, apparently on the same level, and the distance between Rail-road to the same point, as it would open a greater extent of country to be supplied from that fall in the mile. 64. Mr. Cameron, of Bath, (deceased,) with sev-them is but a few rods. The valley of Carr's run, valuable coal district, than any other route proposed. eral other gentlemen of science and reflection, had, for the first half mile from its sources, is narrow, but 55. At Binghampton the line intersects the propo- at one time, seriously in contemplation, to open a of sufficient width for the road; and the balance of sed route of the Chenango canal, which commences bounded with hills sloping gradually to the bottom at Whitesboro'. The distance from that place to canal communication by the Canisteo route, to unite the valley (5 miles) is from 70 to 90 rods wide, the north end of the summit level of the canal, is the Genesee and Susquehanna valleys. 65. At the mouth of the Conhocton, the line lands. The distance to Jamestown, from the inter19 miles; the rise is 706 feet, the length of the summit level is 17 3-4 miles; and the distance, could be united to a Rail-road from the village of section of Carr's run with the Connewango creek, from the southern end of that level to Binghampton, Bath, and with the Crooked Lake Rail-road, and is 6 1.2 miles. The length of the route is 59 miles. is 59 miles, and the fall is 303 feet. This canal or the Crooked lake and Seneca canal, and at Painted It appears by Mr. Silas Tiffany's examination, that post, with a lateral branch from the coal mines at the mouth of Vanhorn's run is 1,239 feet; the suma Rail-road on the same route, would concentrate, Canal port. In the valley of the Genesee river it mit 1,369 feet: and the Connewango creek, at its at Binghampton, the trade of that rich and improving would unite with the proposed canal (or Rail-road) junction with Carr's run, is 1.222 feet above tide 56. At the village of Owego, the route unites between Rochester and Clean point. The length water. This gives a total aggregate rise and fall of ́ 74. The second route is to follow Cold Spring with a Rail road between that point and the Cayuga of that route is 103 miles, and the summit level is 520 feet. creek, and the little Connewango creek, to the outlake. The length of the road is 30 miles, and the 981 feet above the Erie canal, and 78 feet above rise, from the Susquehanna to the summit, is 179 the Alleghany river. 66. The country at the head of Oil and Black let of the Chautauque lake to Jamestown. A wrifeet; the fall to the Cayuga lake 593 feet. "From the junction of the Little Tioga point, the route connects with the contem-creeks is a very extensive swamp, and, during ter in favor of the central canal, in alluding to this floods, the waters in Oil creek at the mills of Cady route, says: plated Pennsylvania canal, and will open a comThis stream rises on munication by that work and the Susquehanna and Baldwin, pass over a low marsh into Black Connewango, the canal would follow the latter Rail road with the cities of Philadelphia and Bal. creek. Those streams rise within 80 rods of each about 5 miles to its sources. other. The Ichua creek is more elevated than the the summit between the Connewango and the Al. 57. The Susquehanna river at Bettsburg is 960 summit on which Black and Oil creeks originate. leghany river. Its course for a short length is pret67. The Connewisque presents a more direct ty rapid, but the distance is so short, as to require feet, at the mouth of Chenango river 828 feet, at Tioga point it is 775 feet, above tide. The distance course to reach the Alleghany river, thau either but little lockage on this summit rises also the between the extreme points is 86 miles, the fall 185 the Conhocton or the Canisteo. The only fact I waters of Cold Spring brook, and other streams runfeet, which gives an average grade of 2 1-4 feet per have, in relation to the practicability of this route, ning east into the Alleghany river." The length is 1s, that a few years ago a number of persons were short, and the descent is not great. Mr. Marvin, valley. timore. mile. At 68. The route has now crossed the great ridges, is 57 miles. 58. Near Tioga point, the line diverges and as- employed to examine the country between the little of Jamestown, estimated that the summit of this cends the Chemung river; at Elmira, it connects Genesee, a branch of the Alleghany, and the main route" is lower than the one by Covey's gap."— with the Chemung and Seneca lake canal. The Genesee valley. They stated that the country is The length of the route from Olean to Jamestown, length of the improvement is 18 miles, and its sum very level, and with a rich soil. mit is supplied by a feeder 13 1.2 miles long, from the Chemung river at the Chimney narrows. The chains of mountains, and streams which intervene and contains 16,000 acres. It is 18 miles long, and descent from the summit level to Elmira is 53 between the Alleghany and the Hudson rivers, and is from 30 to 100 feet in depth. From Mayville, at feet, and the fall to the Seneca lake is 443 feet. The entered on the tributary waters of the Mississippi. It its northern extremity, it is proposed to construct a route also intersects at Elmira the proposed Rail- has also reached Olean, famous as a point for the Rail-road to unite it with Lake Erie. The length road between the Chemung river and Williamsport, embarkation of emigrants to the western States would be 10 1-2 miles, and the fall 724 feet. From op he west branch of the Susquehanna. The river at this place is two chains and fifty links the lake to Warren, the distance is 24 miles, and the 59. The Cheinung river is formed by four branches. wide; and, at the Pennsylvania and New York line, fall 132 feet. These lines have been pronounced to Those in the direction of the route are the Canis-it is 17 feet higher than at Olean point; and as low be very favorable for a canal. teo, the Conhecton, and the Connewisque. They down as Warren, the stream has an average width 76. From Jamestown, the line follows the westall drain tieu districts, capable of yielding most of of sixteen rods. In this distance, there are thirty ern shore of the Chautauque lake to Goose creek, the luxuries and necessities of life. The Canisteo bars which obstruct the navigation at low water.which stream it ascends to the height of land on and the Conhocton head on the ridge which sepa-The banks present the same features as are generally which its waters, and those of the Broken Straw and French creek nearly commingle. The elevation rate the waters which flow into lake Ontario and the found on the western streams. Susquehanna valley. The Connewisque rises in 69. The distance from Warren to Franklin is sixty of the sources of Goose creek has never been ascer AMERICAN RAIL-ROAD JOURNAL. tained by instruments. It has, however, been estim. 85. The resources of the country, in the sphere and useful kinds, are dispersed over this interesting ated by Mr. Tiffany, at 140 feet above the plane of of the route of the proposed road, is very great.-region. The forests are stored with trees of every the Chatauque lake. This may however be too Judge Wright, in a report, in alluding to the ca-description, suitable for ship building, for carpenlittle, as the high lands on the southern shore of lake nal line in the valley of the Delaware river, says: ters', and for ordinary and ornamental, works. The Erie are from 1,000 to 1,300 feet above its surface: My opinion is, if a canal was carried no fur-soil is also rich for cultivation and for pasturage, 211 and most of the streams which originate on it, are ther than Deposit, it would be, in a very short time and the climate is salubrious; and the country is from 600 to 1,000 feet above the lake. If the latter after being completed, a very profitable work."be correct, it would give a rise of 276 feet above the From a personal examination, a few years ago, of which must be the case whenever a secure and cheap Chautauque lake, and the distance being 16 miles the valley of the north branch of the Susquehan-avenue is opened from it to our tide waters. from Janiestown, the average ascent would be about na, I am fully sensible of its fertility and its capa 17 feet per mile. capable of sustaining a dense and busy population, 77. The route from the sources of Gense creek,nent. Judge Bates, in alluding to the Chenang in an anle address to the Legislature of the State of follows the valley of the French creek to Waterford valley, and its resources to sustain a canal which New York, some of them are exposed; and, as they oility of sustaining almost any reasonable improve- great inconvenience from its sequestered condition: in Pennsylvania; passes through Meadville, and would cost one million of dollars, says: 94 This interesting region is, however, suffering enters the town or Kinsman, in Ohio, and through han five years after its completion, it will yield anent and condition of the citizens in the northern the villages of Warren and Ravenna, and ends at urplus revenue beyond the interest on the capital counties of Pennsylvania, and the southern ones of Akron, on the portage sunimit of the Ohio canal and the repairs of the work." Judge Geddes in his New York, I shall quote from it. 78 In the last dietance, the route unites with the report on the Chemung canal, alludes, in high terms. "In les have a strong bearing on the merits of the improveproposed canai to the habor of Erie, and the one to the resources of that part of the states of Pennsyl nal, or who have direct communication with it, are projected from the portage summit of the Ohio cana to Pittsburg, and by their neans with the whole of report on the Crooked Lake and Bath canal, says and easy route, for the conveyance of their produce the State improvements of Pennsylvania, and th It will accommodate a country 70 miles in length market at a cheaper rate than in former years: vania and New.York; and William II. Bull, in his now in full enjoyment of a permanent, safe, che p, 95. Those who reside in the vicinity of the cacity of Washington, by the route of the Potomac extending from the east line of Alleghany county when the markets are favorable, they return home and Ohio canal, and by the Ohio canal with the to Geneva, and also the country bordering on thenriched; when they are unfavorable, they return whole extensive valley of the Mississippi and its Crooked Lake, containing a population of more without loss." tributaries. 79. The States of Ohio and Pennsylvania, and erts, in speaking of the Genesee and Allegha. the navigable waters, are far different: it is in winthe United States, have made very extensive sur-ny canals, says: " tnan fifty thousand inhabitants.'" veys for canal improvements in the last section of section of our country, whose superfluous pro. venture with their produce to market. If the snows the route described, which completely demonstrates Juctions are equal in quantity and qualities to those fail, which they often do in our variable climate, the Judge R. 96. But the situation of those who cannot use the practicability of the road from the sources of the of any portion of the State." Doctor Whippo, and surplus of their husbandry is lost, the toil and labor It would accommodate a large ter only, through torins and bad roads, they can French creek at Akron. 80. The La Boeuf lake is 1,218 feet; the Conneaut ny valley, and the country between it and Lake tation in wagons is attempted, it costs not only the lake is 1,085; the other engineers, speak in high terms of the Allegha of the past year are gone for nothing. If transporGrand rivers, is 912 feet. The Big Beaver river, allern States, may be formed from the numerous im source of the Mahoning and Erie. The best opinion of the fertility of the west expected profit, but the capital itself." Warren, is 854 feet; and Champion's swamp, in its provements projected or commenced to convey its the distance of 400 miles from the city of Now vicinity, is 1012 feet. The summit near Ravenna is surplus productions to the Atlantic cities. But if York, has been brought nearer market than Dela1,073 feet, and the Portage level is 974 teet, above lateral improvements will produce such great results ware at 180 or 100, and its products are enabled, in tide. The fall, therefore, from the sources of Gooses are anticipated, how much more profitable will be consequence, to compete with the settlements of 97. " By means of the Erie canal, Rochester, at creek to La Boeuf lake, is 352 feet; the difference one which passes from the east to the west, and the south, and by the diminished expense of transin level of the La Boeuf and Conneaut lakes, is 133 communicates with them all? feet; and between the Conneaut lake and Champi. on's swamp, only 6 feet. The Ravenna summit is abounds in minerals of the most useful and valuable 67 feet above Champion's swamp, and 99 feet above 86. The country in the vicinity of the route, that market." Akron. The distance from the sources of Goose tending from the head waters of the Lehigh and the Erie canal. Those who advance this opinion portation, to drive their products almost wholly from creek to La Boeuf lake, is 29 miles; and from the Schuylkill to the Susquehanna at Wyoming, and can have reflected but little on its solidity, as it kinds. 64 The anthracite coal is found on a line ex-proposed improvement would injure the business of last point to Warren 65 miles, and to Akron 38 miles. from thence nearly to the Blue ridge." 98. It has been said by some few persons that the The average slope of the road will not, therefore, in Meredith calculates that, if the consumption of coal work for the gypsum, salt and lime of the westthe first reach, exceed 13 feet per mile; and the re. wes one million of tons annually, it would require arn counties of New York, would be exchanged for mainder of the route might be graded less than three 647 years to exhaust it. feet per mile. Mr. could not injure, but must manifestly benefit that 81. The whole length of the road, if properly lo. tories of salt, in distilleries, in furnaces, in cotton, that the Erie canal will, in the course of a few cated, will not be more than 546 miles. Stationary and woollen mamufactories, and by the blacksmiths. years, be unable to pass the immense trade which 87. Anthracite coal can be used in the manufac. taries. It has also been urged by many writers, engines will not be required at more than four places It is also valuable as fuel, and for culinary pur. will be concentrated on it; and that a second the minerals found on the Susquehanna and its tribuon the route, viz. at the Ramapo, Deer Park gap, be- poses. tween the Delaware and Susquehanna rivers, and between the Canisteo and Angelica creeks. The iron stones are found in circular masses, and weigh total elevations and depressions of the route, will from 10 to 50 pounds, and will yield from 30 to 50 course of a few years the canal debt of the State of 88. At Belmont mines, Mr. Meredith states, that terest. not exceed 6,507 feet. improvement will be required by the public inroute, present no great width or difficulties. It will The streams crossed by the per cent. of metalic iron. 99. I cannot, however, but remark, that in the moreover, unite with ten extensive Rail-road and transition region appears to extend from Berwick, In that event, transportation will most probably be Canal improvements completed, and ten others pro- 24 miles below Wilkesbarre, in a northerly direction, done cheaper on that work than on any new im 89. And in a very interesting paper, he says, "The supposed that the tolls will be reduced on all freights. New York will be paid. It is then reasonable to be jected, and with nine rivers navigable at certain pe- to the Otsego lake. Its length is nearly 160 miles, provement in its vicinity, which will require a heavy, riods of the year. 82. The elevations and distances as given, are be to the ridges of the Alleghany, will exceed 110 miles. conpetition with the canal. It is true, that a Raillieved to be correct, as they have been carefully col. In all this extensive region there is no limestone, road would possess greater speed and certainty than and its breadth from Nanakeating hollow, westward expenditure of capital, and entering directly into lected from the official reports of civil engineers no gypsum, no salines, in any quantity." and surveyors, and from other public documents re. lating to State improvements. 83. If a Rail-road should be made from Elmira, of a dense population, although it is at presen thin-hend that the new improvement will be unproductive on the Chemung river, to Williamsport, on the ly inhabited and badly cultivated; that a large part to its proprieters, and that it will not accomplish the salt, and the gypsum will be used, is susceptible the canal. Is it, therefore, unreasonable to appre"A great part of the country, where the lime, by the outlay of six or seven millions of dollars, and But the former will be embarrassed west branch of the Susquehanna, and continued of its surface is covered with forest; that its streams the ends proposed by its construction. will accommodate the same population and lands as so as to join the Rail-road leading to Philadelphia are only navigable at one or two seasons of the year, and Baltimore, it would open a more direct commu and that it is destitute of all active trade and coal nication with those cities, than any other route markets." suggested or completed, and would be one of the links in a great line of Rail-road communication Canal Port, on the Chemung river, and at Olean ty, as it will benefit distant districts and populations. extending from New Orleans to Buffalo. The dis- Point, on the Alleghany, and in the county of Port100. The Rail-road, on the proposed route, is, 91. At Tonewanda, on the Susquehanna, and at be beyond the reach of its influence on its prosperitances to Philadelphia and Baltimore, would not age, in Ohio, bituminous coal in large and rich mines will not accommodate the country on the route I happily, so far separated from the Erie canal, as to exceed 270 miles, while the present route to the are found and worked. first point is 374 miles, and the latter 394 miles, and are embarrassed with a dangerous and uncertain been discovered at various places, and they have Freights would also be taxed with insurance against 101. A Rail-road in the vicinity of the Erie canal navigation. 92. Iron ore, in extensive beds and masses, have be embarrassed by ice in the spring and fall.-examined. It would also, by ending at lake Erie, 84. In the course of a few years, it is not unrea- them, to be equal in quality to any discovered in troubled with transhipments, and uncertainty in arrisonable to expect a Rail-road communication be this country or Europe; and bismuth and copper, vals and departures. The road would also present, been pronounced by those who have examined storms and casualties in the lake navigation, and tween the cities of New York, Philadelphia, Balti and galena, have been found, and gold and silver at certain periods of the year, a broken line of com. more, and Washington: and, in conjunction with res in small quantities, on Pine Creek near Canal munication, and would entail an increased distance the works we have been considering, numerous Port + mail avenues will be opened throughout the country. If the United States should not, therefore, nal Port, sulphate of iron occurs in the strata of be able to secure an interest in those works, or be coal. 93. On the north side of the mountain, near Ca. than one hundred and eighty miles.* in the travel between the east and the west, of more able to control then, the transportation of the mail rock is found suitable for making glass of the finest versed by the Erie canal does not require, at this will be monopolized by private companies who quality; and quarries of stone of the most durable day, any further improvement but lateral communi. In the valley of the Genesee, silicious sincerity, and from a conviction that the district trawill secure their own terms. or the community 102. The above remarks are dictated in a spirit of will be placed under great inconvenience by the *Examined by George W. Hughes, Esq. U. S. and business. If this opinion be erroneous, I shall cations with that work, to promote its prosperity 90. the old work. Government permitting the mail to be carried in Assistant Civil Engineer. * If it should end or pass through Buffalo, N. Y. productive. miles. be happy to retract it, as I am ardently in favor of could compete with water navigation for eight ever reach the city of New York on the Albany all improvements which the wants or the exigencies months in the year and that during the remaining Rail-road. of the country may require. four months, the river route would be far the most of granting a charter to the applicants for the pro. It may be well to consider what will be the effect 103. The useful effects which are produced by a judicious system of internal improvements, are too posed eastern route. After they have obtained such clearly illustrated by the benefits they have conferred For my present object the interior route may be charter, it will be their interest to oppose all lateral on the state of New York, to require many remarks divided into three sections. roads to the river. They will allege and (with great In 1817, when the Erie canal was commenced, there! First Section, extending from the termination of truth) that such lateral roads will render theirs wholwere not more that fifty small villages within a dis. the Harlem Canal to its intersection of the Dutchess ly unproductive, and thus it will be with great diffi. tance of twenty miles on each side, and extending County Rail-road, a probable distance of eighty-five culty that those charters (which certainly are the the whole length of the route. There are now more only ones as between these competitors that ever than one hundred and thirty, all exhibiting evidenee Second Section, extending from the intersection should be granted) can be obtained. Our Legisla. of prosperity and wealth; well cultivated, and stock-of the Dutchess County Rail-road to a point oppo-ure will be continually thronged by a host of oppoed farms, with ornamental and commodious build. site the City of Hudson-46 miles. sing Lobbies, and the country back to the Hudson ings, are found in every direction, and the fruitful Third Section, the residue of the route to Albany River opposite the Second and Third Sections of the ness of the soil may be judged by the revenue of -40 miles. Albany Rail-road may, for a time, ba deprived of its more than one million of dollars which it has yield. The distance assigned to the several sections at natural advantages. ed to the canal fund within the last year. present can only be problematical. The writer C knows very little of the article of 104. The plan of construction is a subject which The first section would not, for the reasons here-lime, when he supposes that it would be a profitable can only be determined after the location of the road. after assigned, during eight months in the year, pro- commodity in the city of New York, after having I should, however, propose that it should be a doub. duce enough to pay the expenses of cars and loco-borne the expenses of one hundred and thirty miles le track, and that locomotive engines should be used motives upon it. The Pennsylvania Commission-of Rail-road transportation. The Thomastown lime, entirely on it, to supersede the necessity of the horsers, in their Report of the experiments made of the of excellent quality, is brought to this city all the path. The rails should also be elevated on suitable costs of transportation by Canal and by Rail-road, way by water. Col. Delafield's kilns, which are blocks, some inches above the ground, to admit of state that the former is three times as cheap as the only at the distance of sixteen miles, (the lime from their being freed, in the easiest manner, from the latter. It costs the Delaware and Hudson Canal which is believed to be very good) is discharged snow and sleets which would lodge on them during Company 58 cents to transport a ton of coal sixteen from the kilns into the very sloops which transport winter. The great error of the roads in operation, uiles on the Rail-road, and only 50 cents to convey it to market. Mr. Van Cortlandt, whose estate is or building, in this country, is, having the rails near the same ninety miles on the Hudson river, thereby still nearer to the city, on the very banks of the Hudly on the level of the horse path. I would also pro. showing a difference of six to one in favor of river son, is also preparing upon an extensive scale to pose, in deep cuts, that the roads should have an u transportation for ninety miles-but suppose that manufacture this article. There are also many niform declivity, to admit of the water which may would probably be more than ten to one in favor of furnish lime for this market, and with which the the distance is extended to 150 miles, then the ratio other kilus, situated on navigable waters, which collect to be drained in the easiest manner; and, on heavy embankments, that the road should be con- the river, because when a vessel is once laden, whe. Berkshire people could never compete. The article structed of wood, and that suitable turn-outs ther she sails 90 or 150 miles is not material, but it of iron would of course be conveyed by the lateral should be made from one track to the other. is otherwise with a Rail-road. Every foot the cars Rail-roads to the river, and would form no source of 105. To many persons it may appear strange how pass over will have cost several dollars, and must be profit to the eastern Rail-road. Passengers would, the road can be arranged so as to prevent the loco. supported by a perpetual tax. I assume the fact. in general, prefer steam boat travelling. The Railmotive engines, going at different velocities, inter that from Poughkeepsie to New York, there will be road company from Albany to Schenectady charge fering with each other. This is simply an arrange differeuce of six to one in favor of river transpor. fifty cents for conveying a passenger twelve miles, ment of time in starting; for the velocity of the en-tation; and that while the market vessels or tow which I presume is as cheap as it can be afforded.-gine being known, and the hour it started, it could boats can pass from the one of those places to the From Poughkeepsie to New York, eighty miles, a easily be arranged that the engines and their trains other, no produce or freight which is embarked on passonger pays only one dollar; this is upwards of would meet at certain points, and pass each other. the interior Rail-road above its junction with that of six times as cheap as the Rail-road. 106. The cost of the Road must be a matter of Dutchess county, will ever pass below that junc. People go on board the steam boat and take, withuncertainty until a full examination of the route ision. It will, as a matter of course, go to Poughout any complaint whatever, four times the quantity made. I am, however, impressed with an opinion seepsie, a distance of 25 miles, and from thence to of baggage that would be permitted to them on a that it will not exceed, on an average, $15,000 or New York by water. A ton of produce at the Rail-road ear. They carry small articles of freight $17,000 per mile. If we assume the greatest sum, junction of the two ways can go to New York by without inconvenience: but this could not be so on the cost would amount to $9,282,000. This is a Poughkeepsie, for less than one fourth of what a Rail-road; here the seats are assigned to each paslarge investment, but small in comparison to the will cost in the other direction. To ascertain this, senger, and he will be permitted to carry his baggreat ends to be secured. the comparison has only to be made between the ex-gage, but no freight. DE WITT CLINTON, U. S. Civil Engineer. 107. I cannot conclude my report without offering pense of 60 miles of Rail-road and 80 of river trans- While, therefore, the navigation remains unob. my best wishes for the final success of the proposed portation. But it may be asked what distance will structed, it is contended that neither Rail-road would work, as it contains the elements of national, state, produce be brought on the second section before it be profitable. But I now come to consider the four and individual prosperity. arrives at the aforesaid junction. If we are to sup months in the year, during which the navigation is pose that the city of Hudson, the Redhooks, Rhine closed by the ice. For this period it would be obbeck, and other landing places will lay by and perserved there is no Hudson river, so far as its utility The following circular (in answer to our corres. mit their towns to be destroyed; and that the far is concerned. Now suppose the river was entirely pondent C, whose communication was pubitshed (ces will prefer sending their produce to Poughkeep road either where it now runs, or on the proposed mers in the respective counties back of those pla-removed, and the proposition was to make a Rail. in No. 7 of this Journal,) addressed to the members sia by Rail-road rather than conveying it in their eastern route. Surely no man in his senses would of the legislature, was received, and should have own wagons to their accustomed market town, then hesitate. The river route would be perhaps twenty been published, some time since, but it was mislaid. such produce might pass over the whole of the said times as productive as the other. But taking the It is now given that the advocates of both router it can hardly be presumed that the citizens of Hud freight is not sent to market as during the remain. middle section, a distance of forty-six miles. But four months in the year, when the same quantity of may be heard. son, and the inhabitants of those other towns, willing eight, and I presume the amount of produce There can be little doubt, we imagine, of the permit their property to be destroyed in this way.would be more than three times as great as on the propriety of adopting the River route, iz preference They also will obtain charters for Rail-roads, and other route. It will probably be admitted that the to the one more inland and through Massachusetts make them at least so far back as to intersect the number of passengers, who travel north and south, as suggested by our correspondent C*. Albany Rail-road. in the winter season, and who reside upon or near And thus, it is presumed that the lateral Rail the river in the intermediate towns, between the roads will take the principal part of the produce to cities of New York and Albany, are ten to one, To the Individual Members of the Senate and Assem-Third Sections without much support for eight estimate, I include the inhabitants on both sides of their respective landings, and leave the Second and over those residing on the interior route. (In this bly of the Legislature of the State of New York. months in the year. A Correspondent in the Rail-road Journal under section, it passes from Harlem, a distance of forty there is a most decided preponderance. And with respect to the first the river.) With respect to passengers, therefore, the signature of C, gives to the public an article on miles and upwards, through the county of Westchesthe subject of a Rail-road from New York to Alba. ter, where the farmers are hemmed in (if I may be will have read a copy of the memorial of the HighIt is presumed that those who peruse this article, ny, and opens his communication by observing, rivers. They go in their own wagons but a short Notes, &c. In this memorial many of the resources allowed the use of the expression) by two navigable and Turnpike company and their associates, with "That it would seem too plain to need an ment, that a Rail-road running along the mar. gons must be employed to embark their produce on briefly recapitulate them. argu-distance to their respective landings; the same wa-of the river route are fully stated. And I shall here [FOR THE AMERICAN RAIL-ROAD JOURNAL.] gin of the Hudson where it must sustain a compolone depend for freight upon the very farms through on the west as well as the east side of the river, being the Rail-road,--and unless the Rail.road should 1. The number of freighters, comprising those tition with perhaps the best water communication which it is to pass, it would be almost or quite as probably ten to one over those on the other route. in the world, would be less productive than one con-near for many of those farmers to drive to their usu structed upon a far mode feasible route in the in. al market towns. 2. The produce which will be received from the terior, where its presence would create business for try a ruinous rivalship with the market vessels, and burgh, Catskill, and other towns. The Rail-road may, for a while, great Rail roads, to be brought from west into Newits support." thereby embarrass many of our citizens, but when it 3. The Coal to be brought from Bolton. As plain as this proposition may seem to C, it by water (even in Westchester county) for the one factories in the various populous towns on or near is considered that produce can be carried to market 4. The manufactured articles, from all the manucan be satisfactorly shown that the Rail-road or fourth part of what it will cost by land, there can be the river; of which there are no doubt ten to one the margin of the River would, when completed, no doubt of the final result. For a distance of 15 over those to be found on the interior route. be more that three times as productive as the other. miles south of the junction with the Dutchess coun- 5. The more frequent and speedy transportation The first position I take is, that neither Road Poughkeepsie; but very little (if any) of it would to all the populous towns on the river. ty Rail-road, produce might pass upward and go to of the United States Mail, to and from New York AMERICAN RAIL-ROAD JOURNAL. 7. The transportation of heavy engines and other apparatus, to and from Cold Spring foundry. 8. Great quantities of marble, from the state pri. son at Sing Sing, would be transported to the city of New York. 9. The produce brought to market towns, or remaining in sloops or tow boats overtaken by the ice, might be readily taken to market. 10. Supplies from the city for the people residing in the villages and towns up the river. route. 213 6. In the event of a war, the transportation of while it would not materially obstruct the naviga perseverance in improving the resources of wealth heavy ordnance to and from Westpoint. north of Ireland. Crossing the Channel, on a rail within her limits. And, whereas, the time has arri tion of the Channel, the passage being open by the and strength, and social comfort, which abound point striking the rail-way now in the act of forma- of regard for her character and standing, as well as way to be laid on the pass, and from Portpatrick to a ved when she is called upon by every consideration tion from Carlisle to Newcastle, and southward on for her permanent prosperity and happiness, to make and thence on the Birmingham rail-way to London, without delay, the connexion of the Eastern and that in contemplation from Carlisle to Manchester, a vigorous and united exertion for accomplishing, a single day will bring the corn, cattle and linens of Western waters: And whereas, a distinct and sodistricts of England to London. Ireland through the most populous manufacturing lemn expression of the diliberate opinion of the peo11, The Highlands abound in wood, which could 480 miles, and estimating the rate of travelling for where an extraordinary effort is necessary for the from London to Dublin, by this route, will be about fit and requisite upon an occasion like the present, The distance ple is always of powerful efficacy, and is especially be conveyed in great quantities to the city of New passengers and mails at forty miles an hour, we may common advantage of the whole; the public will York, Upon the whole, it is maintained that while pro- hours--and at the rate of three pence for thirty and the best pledge for its energetic and zealous pro-* perform the journey from capital to capital in twelve being the only sure authority for the undertaking, duce can be conveyed to market by water, the east-miles, the amount proposed by Mr. Stephenson, is secution: Therefore, ern Rail-road will receive but little freight. The sufficient to cover all the expenses of locomotive Dutchess Rail-road will take the northern produce, power-the cost to each passenger will not be more monwealth will be best promoted, and the founda. and the farmers in West Chester county will still than four shillings. The position of the pass is by tions of her prosperity and happiness most securely find it for their interest to send their produce to mar-nature truly fortunate, lying through the centre of established, by opening an entire and complete com1. Resolved, That the improyement of the Comket through their accustomed channels. be six times as cheap as by Rail-road, the latter its advantages divided amongst the three nations, the nearest and best practicable route, and that such And inasmuch as travelling by steamboat will presented by the map. So equally, indeed, are manication from the Susquehanna to the Allegany the three kingdoms, and mode of conveyance can never compete with the that the project is one peculiarly fitted to be ex- a work is indispensably necessary to maintain the are and Ohio, and from the Allegany to Lake Erie, by former. But I apprehend that travelling on the Rail-road in execute this gigantic project, proposes to employ, her strength and resources. ecuted by the Goverument. the interior will often be suspended during the win. in opeaing quarries, propelling wagons, and the Mr. Fairbairn, to character and standing of the state, and to preserve ter season. The deep tronches will be sometimes other necessary works, about twenty thousand ces of the state to this undertaking, ought not to be filled with snow and ice, and while in this condition convicts. 2. Resolved, That the application of the resourthe road will not be passable. The average cost of the conveyance regarded as an expenditure, but as a most beneficial With respect to the comparative cost of the two be more than seven shillings per man; while the ex. the public wealth, improve the public 'revenue, and of these convicts to the scene of their labors will not investment; for its successful execution will increase ways, it is confidently believed that the river route pense of taking such persons to Woolwich amounts greatly enlarge the ability of the state to extend her will be the least expensive. A large item of the ex. to ten times the sum. pense of constructing a Rail-way in the interior of tion to New Holland is 80%. a man, and the average at the same time will encourage industry, creato cira country is the transportation by land of the heavy expenditure for the purpose, 110,000l. a year. This culation, extend trade and commerce, enhance the The expense of transporta-aid to every quarter where it may be wanted; and articles required; this expense is comparatively large annual expense Mr. Fairbairn proposes to de- value of land, and of agricultural and mineral pronothing by water.--All those articles or materials vote to the clothing and victualling of the convicts duets, and thereby augment the means of the citiare found on the banks of the Hudson, and could be employed at the work, while the saving in the prison zen to promote his own and the public welfare, by readily floated to the point of requisition. The pas. expenses of the kingdom will indirectly support the contributions to similar works. sage on the margin of the river through the High- remainder of the cost for labor. The cost of the su lands is considered the most feasible part of the perintendence, tools, and other incidental expense. diffusive and unconnected application of the public. Stone are here abundant, and causeways to be repaid to the Government by a toll, and by the means, ought, for the present, to yield so as to al3. Resolved, That all local objects tending to a across small bays of the River can be made with diminished expense of conveying the mails, stores low an undivided exertion of the public strength in great facility. Sufficient excavations in the moun- and troops. These are the principal outlines of a this great undertaking, which is essential to its spee. tains along the river can be made for the accommo- plan, which, at all events, has the merit of being one dy and successful prosecution. For though it be dation of the road at a less expense than the grad- of the boldest and most original projects of a pro- certain, that whatever may be its location, the bening of an equal distance of low or swampy ground, Jecting age. and when made,it will be entirely secure against frost, nounce an opinion on its practicability, or to form the immediate neighborhood; yet it is also true, We are not scientific enough to pro-efit will be most sensibly felt, in the first instance, and not, in like manner as the other, subject to natu. conception of its expense-but the means to be em-that its invigorating influence will pervade every ral decay. It is not intended to have a single stationa-ployed are, we think, justifiable, on the grounds of the part of the Commonwealth, and, in a short time, ry engine on the whole route, and yet the proprie-wholesome nature of the labor for the convict, in. its branches will spread in all directions wherever tors will not invariably follow the banks of the riv.stead of that of the treadmill, or the beating oakum; th bounty of Providence has furnished the means of For some general idea of the course intended while no one can complain that criminals should be access to the great channel thus improved: and, onto be pursued, a reference is given to note (2) an, so employed, when the peasantry of the best portions couraged by this example, new channels will be succesnexed to the said memorial of the Highland Turn. of the kingdom are breaking stones on the roads for sively opened as occasion may offer, or the public exipike Company and their Associates. The appli- tenpence a day. The difficulties to be surmounted gencies and the demands of the country may require. cants for this Rail-way have considered it more re-in the raising such an embankment would be un. spectful to the members of the Legislature, to bring doubtedly great; but when the unceasing labors of efforts of our sister states, to make extended improvethe merits of their case before them by printed circu. the coral insect are known to have raised the islands uents; and that, in our opinion, a wise and liberal 4. Resolved, That we regard with satisfaction, the lars rather than by calling personally upon them, of the Pacific, why should we despair of the perse. policy requires of Pennsylvania, to grant to then eveand explaining the grounds of their application. New York, March 1, 1832. verance and industry of man? ry just and legal facility wherever her concurrence may be necessary to their successful prosecution; and that we have witnessed. with pleasure, the progress made towards laying out a canal from the Potomac to the OMr. Henry Fairbairn proposes, in the United Ser. vice Journal, for this month, to form a land communi. was held in August, 1825,* at Harrisburgh, at which of the Susquehannah." To promote the great cause, a canal convention York, for forming a connexion with the north branch hio, as well as the steps taken by the State of Nowcation with Ireland, by which the three kingdoms one hundred and thirteen representatives were as are to be joined in a substantial and perpetual chain sembled, from forty six counties. After long debates the affirmative, and 26 in the negative. The six men On the first three resolutions, the votes were-87 in of connection; a work which, though seemingly resolutions in favor of internal improvement were vote on the last, which was a mere milk-and-water afand very considerable opposition, an address anders from Lancaster voted against the whole. The vast, he contends can be executed without any ex. traordinary expense or difficulty. The distance from agreed upon. the extremity of the break water at Donaghadee, sir, and had no bearing whatever upon the important Portpatrick, in the west of Scotland is fifteen miles, some of the ablest men in the state. The opposition was formidable, and embraced Shjects of the convention, was 107 affirmatives, and 5 of which about one mile and a half is covered with dently asserted that the measure was impracticable of the state, the legislature, in 1826, passed" an act to It was confi. Begatives. the intervening Copeland Isles, which lie direct athat the resources of the state were inadequate provive for the commencement of a canal, to be conIn conformity with the general wishes of the citizens cross the channel, about four miles and a half from for the purpose--that it would require an enormous tructed at the expense of the state, and to be styled Donaghadee. The soundings between the Copeland and oppressive taxation, to which our citizens would the Pensylvania Canal." It contained an appropriaand the Irish shore being uniformly shallow, in no not submit-that, independent of these reasons, it tion of 300 000 dollars for the purpose, and was signed instance exceeding 8 fathoms, it is apparent that the would, if accomplished, be extremely partial in its by the governor, February 25th, in that year. Froni magnitude of the work is diminished in the remain. operation, as its benefits would be confined to certain time to me, farther appropriations have been made, ing 9 1.2 miles from the isle to the coast of Scotland parts of the state, while large and important sections unul the whole amount ha reached the formidable Here the soundings are various, from ten to thirty would be debarred from them-whereas the burdensum of 13 022.645 dollars. and forty, and about midchannel reaching to a depth must be borne by the whole. of ninety-eight fathoms-the deepest soundings ob. Philadelphia May 24th, 1831. servable in the whole Irish channel. Mr. Fairbairnsition, cannot be doubted. The representatives of That sectional considerations produced this oppoproposes to connect the islands at this point by a those counties not likely to be immediately benefit-e march of internal improvement, was made b * it is but justice to state, that the suggestion broad causeway; and if this be a work of great la. ted, strenuously opposed the measure, with all the Chew,j. Esq. I do this the more readily, be cause llin the canal convention, which greatly accelerated bor, so it is certain that we possess the means to powers of eloquence. Among the opposition were as cy in the affair has not been generally execute it greater than ever came into the power of found all the representatives of Bedford, Cumbery B. one nation. While mountains of stone exist on the land, Franklin, Lancaster, Northampton, Tioga, edge of the sea at Portpatrick, our prisons are crowd- and York. Berks, Chester, Lebanon, and Lehigh. ed with thousands of useful laborers; and when we were divided. consider the abundance of material, the low cost of the labor of convicts, and the power of the inclined tions agreed toI annex the preamble, and four of the six resolu. plane, it is apparent that a barrier may be raised er. J. S. PROJECT FOR A LAND COMMUNICATION WITH IRE LAND. INTERNAL IMPROVEMENTS. HAMILTON, of .Down. Honor to whom honor is due. Railroads. There are now finished, in progress, hundred and thirty eight miles of Rail-road. and projected, in the United States, two thou sand nine Since the opening of the Liverpool and Manches. here of Egyptian magnitude, durability, and strength, Pennsylvania require that there should be a steady sand persons have travelled on it. "Whereas, the great interests of the state of ter Rail-way, between seven and eight hundred thou NEW-YORK AMERICAN. LITERARY NOTICES. equalled in splendor that of the mightiest conquer. his removal from the eominand of the army. With ors, is instructive, even though the dread of such the causes of its origin, perhaps no man this day living is acquainted, save him who now states to results may rarely have checked the overflowing ex. you the fact. The seeds were sown at Cambridge, ultation of prosperous hours. Moreover, though as early as March, seventy-six, by those who owed BOURKIENNE'S LIFE OF NAPOLEON, a revised edi- we concur entirely with his present biographer as their military existence to the partiality of him whom tion with additions, 1 vol. 8vo. pp. 660: Philadel-to the innocence of Belisarius, of the charge im. they wished to destroy. It was for a time confined to a small circle in the army, until the convention phia, Cary & Lee.-Already has the first edition, in puted to him by criminals on the rack, of having of Saratoga gave rise to comparisons between the two volumes, of the translated Memoirs of Bour- conspired, himself an aged man, to dethrone his issues of the northern and middle campaigns. It rienne been absorbed in this country, and the Phila. Octogenarian sovereign, yet his pusillanimity be- then penetrated the legislative halls of two of the delphia publishers here present us with a second fore his wife, the vicious, but high-spirited and states, and from these found its way to the councils of the Patres Conscripti of the Union. Wrapped which though in one volume, contains in addition to daring Antonina,—a pusillanimity which made him in the mantle of conscious integrity, he calmly per all that was comprised in the previous edition, Notes accessary to atrocious crimes-and his rapacity-de-mitted the storm to rage. The battle of Monmouth Explanatory, from the dictation of Napoleon at St. served severe retribution. In these respects, of sub- gave it a check, and it finally expired, when the Helena, from the Memoirs of the Duke of Rovigo, missiveness to an imperious wife, and a grasping laurels gathered on the heights of Saratoga, withof General Rapp, of Constant, and others. We love of money, he is compared mot unaptly by Lord ered and perished on the plains of Camden. BRIDGEMAN'S YOUNG GARDENER'S ASSISTANT: N.Y., have before spoken of this work, as embodying un. Mahon to Marlborough. This volume is neatly printed and embellished George Robertson.-We have here a second edition doubtedly a large amount of authentic information respecting the life, character and career of Napole with a map of the Roman Empire, with the divi. enlarged, of a very cheap and useful manual -on, but it must never be forgotten in reading it, that sions marked upon it, into which it had been cut up by a practical man, on the cultivation of vegeta. the author was faithless and so discovered to be by by the invasion and permanent establishment of the bles and flowers. It will we are persuaded be found, what the writer intends it shall be, "generally useNapoleon, to the trust reposed in him as Secretary, Ostro Goths and the Vandals at the commencement ful to such as may wish to superintend, or take the and that he has private resentments to assuage in of the sixth century. the coloring he sometimes gives to characters and management of, their own gardens." Mr. Bridgeman is a gardener himself, in the Bowery road, and The type in which this volume is printed, his directions are therefore applicable to our cli. though small, is clear and distinct. mate-an advantage of no little moment. events. A CATECHISM OF FACTS; OR PLAIN AND SIMPLE well received. EULOGY ON THE LATE JAMES M. PENDLETON, M. D. by G. S. Bedford, M. D.-This eulogy, delivered in the Hall of Columbia College, on the 9th ult. at the THE LIFE OF BELISARIUS, by Lord Mahon, 1 vol request of the New-York City and County Medical pp. 306: Philadelphia, Carey & Lea.-History and Society, commemorates, in no exaggerated language, Romance, Gibbon and Marmontel, and the arts of the the rare merits and fine character of one, too early RULES REspecting the nature, treatment and preSculptor, the Painter, and the Engraver, have thrown lost, and very deeply mourned. In speaking of such VENTION OF CHOLERA: by A. B. Granville, M. B., F. their combined and varied interest around the great a man, even friendship cannot be partial; for "the R. S., &c. &c. Philadelphia, E. L. Carey & A. daily beauty" of his life had justified in advance, the Hart -Dr. Granville, an eminent physician in Lonname and capricious destiny of Belisarius. It was therefore an adventurous undertaking for Lord Ma- eloquent regrets which its premature close has call. don, is the author of this unpretending little work, hon to treat anew a subject which had been previ-ed forth. From the sketch given by Dr. Bedford, of which the humble but honorable aim is to convey "instruction o the people on the subject of their ously illustrated with so much talent; yet he has of the early years and nurture of Dr. Pendleton, we His leading extract only a single paragraph ; but it is one, which health, without technicalities." This is done in the acquitted himself well of the task. motive for entering upon this biography scems to mothers will lay to their hearts; and of which, how form of questions and answers, and in a manner that all may comprehend. The writer rejects, in com. have been the desire to restore what he considers many, many sons, will make the application, even the truth of history, in regard to the great lesson though, unlike Dr. P. they may not have profited, mon with "four-fifths of the people of Europe, and a large proportion of those of Asia and Africa," the of the mutability of human grandeur afforded by the as he did, by such anxious cares : Dr. Pendleton's mother was a woman of no or. doctrine of contagion as applied to the Cholera. close of the life of Belisarius. Gibbon it was, we dinary cast of mind; to talents of a high order, We hope, and we believe, we shall not have the believe, who first upon the authority of the monk he added the most sincere piety and benevolence, Cholera here; but as a precaution, this little repub. Theophanes, (who wrote two hundred years after the and an untiring zeal in the performance of all her lication by Carey & Hart is well timed and will be events he records,) rejected the story, until then ge. duties. She did not find it incompatible with these nerally received, that Belisarius, old and infirm, was attributes to participate in all the innocent pleasures of society, and her devotedness to the education of LACON, or Many Things in a Few Words, 2 vols. by order of Justinian, deprived of his eyes, and turn her children was as honorable to herself, as it was 12mo.: New York, C. P. Fessenden.-A neat and ed forth from his ample possessions, to beg his daily useful to those on whom her tenderest cares were bread. For this impressive account he substituted bestowed. As proof of the fruits of her instruction accurate second edition of a popular work is here the version of Theophanes,that for a time impo- and example, it may be mentioned that Dr. Pendle- presented to us: there were so many errors in pre. verished and disgraced by the Emperor of the East, ton, in the hour of dissolution, remarked, that "un-vious editions as to render a more correct one desi. der God, he owed his present calmness to the early rable; in addition, the numerous Latin quotations Belisarius was subsequently restored to freedom, religious education received from his mother."riches and honor. It is somewhat hazardous certain This exemplary woman died at Hyde Park, in 1817. in te text are all rendered in an English translation at the foot of the page. On this ground the present ly to impuga the historical accuracy or research of Proceedings relating to the CeNTENNIAL ANNI- ublisher has taken out a copy-right. Gibbon, especially on a question where his general VERSARY OF WASHINGTON'S BIRTH-DAY: published by Aa an example of the extraordinary alteration in prepossessions against the authenticity of monkish order of the Common Council of N. York. We thank a sentiment, which the omission of a single le ter may testimony would have led him to adopt with hesita- he Common Council for this record of an inspiring occasion, we give the annexed apothegem, where tion a narrative so wholly at variance with tradi- celebration, on a day that was fitted to call forth-in former editions, the i, in the word gold, was omittion as that given by Theophanes of this striking as it did call forth-some noble tributes of eloquence ted: part of the life of Belisarius; yet we confess our and patriotism. We thank the veteran, Lewis, too, Those who worship gold in a world so corrupt as selves satisfied with the contrary conclusion at who, though in his own pathetic language, he "has this we live in, have at least one thing to plead in which Lord Mahon arrives. The reasoning upon reached the valley of by gone years, and travelled defence of their idolatry-the power of their idol.. which he founds this conclusion, he has judiciously on the downward path of life so far beyond the It is true, that like other idols, it can neither move, detached from the body of the story, so that it pro-ordinary limits of human existence, as to approach idols, it has often communicated all these powers ceeds in an unbroken series-leaving to those only the verge of that period, when the strength of man to those who had them not, and annihilated them, who are curious to probe the truth, to follow his is but labor and sorrow," yet, on this occasion, like in those who had. This idol can boast of two pe examination of this disputed point. the aged war-horse, aroused by the blast of the trum a single temple, and by all classes, without a single culiarities; it is worshipped in all climates, without pet to the spirit of earlier days, has, at the stirring hypocrite. name of Washington, kindled with renewed enthu VIEWS OF THE CITY OF NEW-YORK AND ITS EN. stasin, and stepped forth to speak to those who are VIRONS: New York, Peabo y & Co.-This consti. already in the light of posterity to that wonderful tutes No. IV. of this cheap and well executed publi. man, of the unequalled virtues, valor, and patriot-cation; each number containing four engravings, ism, which, as his fellow-soldier in the days of a and those in that now before us are,-let. of the The career and character of Belisarius are of the highest interest, and of themselves fitted to make a book devoted to recording them very popular; and we are sure, therefore, that this publication will be well received. The style of it in its balanced, antithetical, and polished periods, is manifestly framed see, hear, feel, or understand; but, unlike other upon the model of Gibbon; and the narrative is, nation's peril, he witnessed. Wehave, unhappily. Washington Institute and of the new Reservoir; 2d. with the exception of the closing seene, in harmo. ny throughout with that of the great historian. It is, indeed, in this respect, little more than an am plification of the two fine chapters which Gibbon room only for one extract; and that we select for of the Hudson River from Hoboken; 3d. of Coffee House Slip, 4th. of Theatre Row; each of them illustrated by a well written meinoir. Referring to Washington, the orator says: But on no occasion did his dignified composure devotes to the same subject. The termination in and calmness of temper shine more resplendent, SONGS OF THE ETTRICK SHEPHERD, first American shame, beggary, and blindness of a career that had than when faction reared its grisly front, seeking edition; 1 vol. 12mo. 311 pp.: New York, Wm. |