POSTSCRIPT. bill. METEOROLOGICAL TABLES. 8886AN28 22 Highest. nor, the Duke of Wellington, Lord Holland, the reason to believe. has been nearly brought to a conDuke of Newcastle, Lord Ellenboro', Lord Wharn. elusion, and Sir Stratford Canning, the representative FROM ENGLAND FOUR DAYS LATER.-London pa-cliffe, the Earl of Harewood, Earl Grey, and the of England during this important negotiation, is likely to return to London in July. pors to the evening of the 7th have been received Earl of Carnarvon, took a part, Lord Manvers rose amidst loud cries of "Quesby the ship Tallyho, Capt. Fisher, but as our own tion." He blieved that the essence of the bill was files have not come to hand, we are indebted to the schedule A. and that it should stand unimpaired. Journal of Commerce for the news brought by this Lord Clifford also rose amidst loud cries of" Quesarrival. The most important is the defeat of the tion," and briefly contended for the principle of the British Ministry upon the Reform Bill, by a majority The cries of "Question" here became so loud and of 35. A sketch of the debate will be found below. general, that strangers were ordered to withdraw, Although the defeat was on an amendment proposed when the House divided, and there appearedby the Ministers, it appears to have been consider. ed decisive of the fate of the Bill, unless resort should be had to a creation of Peers. Accordingly, says the London Sun, “it seemed to be the opinion of several Peers in the House, that an Extraordinary tion of the bill in committee should be be postponed Gazette containing a list of SIXTY NEW PEERS Would appear on Wednesday," May 9th, the further dis. cussion of the bill having been postponed till Thursday, at the request of Ministers. For the Amendment. Contents 151 Majority against Ministers -35 was carried. LONDON, May 7.-We have just received the whole of the Paris papers of Saturday, (5th,) and the Gazette de France, dated yesterday. lace Private Correspondence. 29.69 29.48 NNE. 29.4 29.46 NW, 29.73 29.72 Sw. 29.63 29.45 N. 29.97 29.91 NW. S. Cloudy until 2 P. M.-atter clear. Clear. Rain early-cloudy. NE. Rain-heavy NE squall at 8 P. M. Lowest. Highest. Lowest. WINDS. WEATHER. The cholera was, we are happy to observe, rapidRumors were prevalent in London, on the even. ing of the 7th, that Casimir Perrier was dead. They ly diminishing in every respect. The deaths by it announced on Saturday last were only 5-namely, seein, however, to want confirmation. There seems, 22 in private houses, and 36 in the hospitals.— nahappily, to be better grounds for a melancholy re- The Duc Decazes was attacked by the disease ou port concerning the young Duke of Riechestadt. Re. Thursday last, but was considered out of danger. Some fears were entertained on Saturday last cent accounts from Vienna, state, that the son of that disturbances would take place, it being the an. Napoleon, who had been for some time past in a niversary of the death of the Emperor; but al. declining state of health, is now considered in al- though several persons threw garlands of flowers, most a hopeless state. His complaint is said to re- &c., at the foot of the Pillar in the Place Vendome, semble that of his father, and to have been brought no disposition to riot was observed among the popu on thus prematurely by too much confinement, and the disappointment of a noble mind, in which there M. Perrier is, I am assured, on unquestionable auis a great deal of ambition. The Emperor of Aus-thority-as in my late letters I represented himtria, who is tenderly attached to this young Prince, dead to all intents and purposes as a public man.is said to be severely affected by his ill state of General Sebastiani still holds the port folio of For. eign Affairs, but is lamentably infirm. Baron Louis health. continues to speak of retiring, and I am sure wishes An extraordinary supplement to the German Na-te retire. He never recovered the shock given to tional Gazette contains the account of a conspiracy his system by the defalcation of M. Kesner. Ad. May 272 .W.cloudy 80 8.W. clear which has been just discovered at Brunswick. Amiral de Rigny is a cipher, whom it would be easy to replace in the Ministry of Marine from the list of Lieutenant Colonel was arrested, a trunk or two Admirals. For M. d'Argout it would be difficult broke open by the police, and things brought to alto find an adequate substitute, as Minister of Public right condition by the populace singing, "“Hail Wil. Works. M. Girod de l'Ain may play the part of a subordinate in the Cabinet with as much zeal as in liam," at the theatre. the Chair of the Deputies, As a statesman Marshal Soult is rather below the standard of your ci devant Cabinet Ministers, Lords Days. 8 A. M. CHARLESTON, (8. C.) 2 P. M. 10 P. M. The cholera in London was nearly extinct.- 6 recoveries, and 16 remaining. In the country on the last day reported, an aggre gate of 122 new cases, 58 deaths, 60 recoveries, 176 remaining. In Dublin, May 4th, 100 new cases, 33 deaths, 40 recoveries, 400 remaining, Total cases 1515, deaths 508. and, some say, as a fighter of soldiers, without a [The letter here mentions a rumor which he JOHN BELLINGER, M. D., Clerk. In Cork, May 3d, 58 new cases, 15 deaths, 27 re- HOUSE OF LORDS. Maria da Gloria." DIED-On Monday morning, sth inst. Lydia, infant daughter On Monday evening, after a short illneess, Francis Jenks, A. M., recently of Boston, aged 33 years. On Tuesday morning, June 5, at the advanced age of 90 years, Mr. William Grigg, an old and respectable inhabitant of this city, formerly a merchant, and late of Brooklyn, L.I. Suddenly, on Saturday evening, Mr. Thomas J. Haynes, of the House of T. J. Haynes & Co. This morning June 21. Walter W. Deming, aged 32 years, ate of Calcutta, son of Simon Deming, East Bloomfield. N. Y On Thursday night, May 31, Harriet, wife of Henry N. Cruzor, Esq. Active preparations were making at St. Michael's The House having resolved itself into a Commit- for the attack on Madeira tee on the Reform Bill, The general opinion at Madeira was, that the Isl. Earl Grey the Prime Minister rese and said-My and would surrender, there being only two months Lords, I congratulate your Lordships on this ques- provisions, and the soldiers in arrears. Porto Santo tion, this important question, having now arrived had been taken by Don Pedro's forces. The four at that stage of the business in which the House American vessels which were warned off had sailed having sanctioned the principle of the bill, we are for other ports. The commander of the British ship now to be occupied upon the details of it. My Stag, on that station, has received orders to observe At New Brunswick, N. J.. on Tuesday, the Rev. Peter P. Lords, the first motion to be made in the Commit- the blockade most scrupulously. Rouse, Pastor of the Refo. med Dutch Church, at Brooklyn, L. I. At Philadelphia, on Saturday, Mrs. Mary Hollingsworth, wife tee, is, that the title of the bill be postponed. The SPAIN —Our direct intelligence from Madrid justifie» of Mr. P. Hollingsworth, and daughter of the late Judge Wilson, next motion to be made will be, that the preamble of the bill be postponed, to both of which, as mat. and confirms the hope expressed by the English papers of the Supreme Court of the U. S. that Spain will maintain a neutrality in the approach Earl Shaftsbury having put the question, declared that the Contents (Ayos) had it. Thursday, May 31, Miss Deborah S. daughter of Stephen C. Smith, in the 23d year of her age. WEEKLY REPORT OF DEATHS. ters of course, I trust there will be no objection.ig struggle in Portugal. Here then, as in all the dif The City Inspector reports the death of 107 persons during the I have now to propose, therefore, that the title of ficult questions which have compromised for a whole week ending on Saturday, 2d instant, viz:-&l men, 26 women, 33 the bill be postponed. year the peace of Europe, the sincere alliance of France boys, and 23 girls-Of whom 39 were of or under the age of 1 and England has extinguished the germs of collision year, 7 between 1 and 2, 13 between 2 and 5, 1 between 5 and 10, 2 between 10 and 20, 13 between 20 and 30, 13 between 30 and 40, with which the expedition of Don Pedro menaced the between 40 and 50, 4 between 50 and 60, 2 between 60 and 70, interests of all Europe. Every thing promises an easy victory to Don Pedro; and no doubt before the end of May, we shall hear of some doings of a conclusive nature -[Journal des Debats.] Earl Grey next moved that the preamble of the bill be postponed. between 70 and 99, 3 between 80 and 90, and I between 90 and 100-Diseases-Apoplexy 1, casually 1, childbed 1, consump tion 24, convulsions 14, dropsy 2, dropsy in the head S, drowned 3, erysipelas 1, fever bilious 2, fever scarlet 2, hives or croup 2, jaundice 1, Inflammation of the bowels 3, inflammation of the Prince Otho, of Bavaria, is, we understand, to have brain 1, inflammation of the chest 3, inflammation of the stomach the Throne of Greece, not withstanding so many reports age +,palsy 1, peripneumouy 3, sore throat 1, spams 1, stilĺbora 2, intemperance 2, marasmus 7, measles 3, mortification 1, old A long debate ensued, in which the Lord Chancel. to the contrary: The arrangement respecting an aug 11, suicide 1, worms 1. lor, Lord Harrowby, Lord Bexley, the Earl of Rad-mentation of the territory of the now king, we have On the chairman putting the question, Lord Lyndhurst presented himself on the floor, for the purpose of proposing that the consideration of the question should be altogether postponed. ABRAHAM D. STEPHENS, Gity Inspector. CONTENTS. Editorial Notices, &c......359, Astronomical.. Opening of the Philadelphia and Germantown Rail- Comparison of the relative Literary Notices. .366 Home Affairs-Military A- and Canals.............386 Saratoga Railroad. .397 Miscellany AMERICAN RAILROAD JOURNAL. NEW-YORK, JUNE 16, 1932. .389 of that section of the State of New York known as JOURNAL. NEW-YORK, JUNE 16, 1832. extraote from the American edition of Wood's Trea. VOLUME I....NO. 25. lish it, not because we are prepared to express an which has three elements,-the cost of tolls, that of the moving power and attendance, and of vehicles. 39 opinion of the merits of the different proposed routes, Tolls will of course be regulated by the capital Foreign Intelligence......39 but that we may elicit information upon the subiect expended and the amount of trade, and consequentcademy, Congress.....394 We are not the advocates of routes but of Railroads, ly will depend upon the other advantages which .....397 leaving their location to the better knowledge and have been claimed for Railroads, increased as well 398 judgment of the Engineers and Commissiouers, who by the less capital employed, as by the augment. N. York and Erie Railroad.287 Poetry, Marriages, Passened facilities and inducements. The cost of "tracBlack River Company.....389 gers, &c..... .399 we doubt not will have an eye to the general, with. Canals in the United States, tion," the term employed to denote the moving powContinuation of Foreign InTunnels in England.....389 telligence... 400 out particular regard to individual, convenience. er, is that most generally disputed. Mr. Smith The AMERICAN RAILROAD JOURNAL is pub. We should be gratified by a free correspondence follows the original work, in deciding unequivolished at 35 Wall-street, New-York, at $3 a year, in advance. from gentlemen of intelligence, living on, or ac.cally in favor of the cheapness of Railroads, both as traveled by horses and by steam power. At equainted with, the probable route of this important qual speed, at a rate most favorable to canal transwork, as information only is necessary to give im-portation,-twenty miles a day at which the horse petus to the enterprize. can draw the greatest load,-the expense of trac tion by horse power is decided in favor of the COMPARATIVE VALUE OF RAILROADS AD CANALS.-Railroad. By the use of steam power, which is BLACK RIVER CANAL OR RAILROAD. We have re- We continue, in this number of the Journal, our impracticable on canals, this superiority is vastly ceived and publish this week, an interesting com. increased. Steam is estimated to cost only in munication upon the subject of the contemplated tise on Railroads, relative to the comparative value best employment of animal power, and if it bo the proportion of 37 to 100. compared with tho improvement of the navigation and transportation of the different modes of improvement; and also give desired to increase the velocity beyond 10 or 12 some extracts from an article in the Baltimore Ame. miles an hour, the locomotive engine can alone be the "Black river country." After the great western rican of the 13th inst. which gives an analysis of employed. In the cost of vehicles, the question is road, through the southern tier of counties, we deem decided in favor of the canal, in a trifling degree. the 10th chapter by the American editor. It says: All these items of advantage in favor of Railroads, the contemplated improvement of this section of the "The conclusion of Mr. Wood is, that where the must be increased by the circumstance, that canals country most important. It will open a direct and different local circumstances do not affect the ab- generally are only navigable during a portion of the easy communication through a fertile section of the stract comparison of these two modes of communi. year,-say 260 days,-and that during the interval State, rich in minerals, with the St. Lawrence, the cation, we have in the application of mechanical of delay a part of these expenses for horse power, Lakes and the Canadas, and must of course add power to Railroads, the advantage of a less invest-attendance, &c. goes on, while the Railroad has no ment of capital, and also a saving in the moving such intermission. greatly to the facilities for business and travelling, power combined with much greater despatch. This A marked superiority in Railroads, is commented and thereby open a door to the rapid improvement of investigation has been carried out at large by the on in the third general head, in which Mr. SMITH, the northern part of the State. American editor in this additional chapter, where has given the title of Certainty of transportation on With a part of the route of the proposed improve the question is considered with regard to the com-railroads and canals. The drought of summer, and parative expense, practicabilify and certainty, rapi. the ice of winter, liabilities to constant aceidont, ment we are somewhat familiar, and hesitate not to dity, safety, and convenience by which transporta and the vexatious delay and tediousness attending say that it is not only a very favorable route for the tion can be effected by these two modes. All these repair, impair the utility of canals, while Railroads construction of a Railroad, but also an important points are decided in favor of Railroads. are partially, if at all affected by them. The New route so far as relates to the general interest of The cost of constructing Railroads is shown to York Canals are navigable upon an average about be less per mile in the great majority of instances 220 days in each year. The Mauch Chunk Railroad, community. than that of constructing canals. Among the causes-with a single track,-has been interrupted but five There are large tracts of wild land yet remaining of this less expense are, the undulation which Rail- days in five years. in Lewis and Jefferson counties which, we perceive roads admit of where canals must necessarily have In the quality of speed, there is no possible comexpensive locks to by an advertisement before us, are offered at very superior cheapness of construction and main-car, is that of a snail to the race horse, a courser vary their level, and the parison. The pace of a canal boat to a Railroad low prices by V. Le Ray De Chaumont, Esq. One tenance of inclined planes over locks, when eleva- whoso "iron muscles never tire." tract of fifty thousand acres, in the towns of Diana tion is to be overcome. Dams and aqueduets aro and Watson, which has heretofore been held at high more costly than viaducts and bridges; water rights We acknowledge our obligation to the Hon. G. er prices, is now offered at one dollar and fifty cents and mill-soats, necessarily destroyed to supply canals, C. VERPLANCK, and the Hon. C. C. CAMBRELENG, are sometimes valuable, and must be paid for largely. members of Congress from this city, fer copies of a per acre-one-third in hand and the balance in five The expense of Railroad tunnels where they are ne-Report on Steam-Carriages, by a Select Committee yearly payments-terms which, considering the cessary, is also contended to be less than canal tun- of the House of Commons of Great Britain, which flourishing condition and the natural advantages of nels, and the walls necessary to protect embank. ments less in quantity and cheaper. has been republished for the House of Representathe surrounding country, with the prospect of an The cost of repairs and maintenance, is consider. tives. We shall hereafter make extracts from it. improved mode of inter communication, will ensure ed. Even in Great Britain the expense of repairs a ropid and healthful settlement of these and the on their most durably constructed canals is stated MICHIGAN ROAD.-It is stated in an Indiana surrounding lands belonging to the same and other by every engineer who has written on the subject, paper, that the Commissioner of this Road has proprietors. to be much greater than on Railroads, especially un- completed its survey and examination from Logansder equal velocities. When there are double tracks, port to the Lake, and is now preparing to progress We publish to-day a communication from the Al. the transportation is seldom likely to be interrupted with the sale of the land as well as the letting of by repairs, while in canals they frequently occasion legany Republican, upon the location of the New a total stoppage. eontracts on the Road agreeably to his advertiseYork and Erie Railroad west of Owego. We pub The next item of cost is that of transportation, ments. [FOR THE RAILROAD JOURNAL.] We looked into one, and thought we discovered their rivals, in granting them unnecessary supplies on paper; their concealment of the enormous and Mr. EDITOR :-The celebration on the opening of some excellent Madeira near the bottom. While these things were going on above, in which extravagant expenditure on Canals, and their vi the Germantown Railroad on the 6th instant, is en-the hospitable intentions of the Directors were ful. sionary and insufficient estimates, which have too titled to special notice in your valuable journal, and filled, some of the company assembled in groups be-long deluded the nation, are beginning to be apprewe beg to refer you to the Philadelphia paper for an low and argued the relative value of different cars, ciated. 1. If the reader will refer to the Appendix (Arti. interesting account of the festivity on the occasion, and different motive power, while others wandered and the forth.coming address delivered on that day. Meantime the sound colored wines were settled with ceive that peculiar physical and moral obstacles, in the garden, and discoursed of matters more remote. cle Manchester and Liverpool Railroad) he will perIt was a source of great gratification to me, interest a few dozen of Champaign; and a few minutes after altogether unusual and unprecedented, have occa. ed as I feel in the progress of these improvements, three o'clock the company took up the line of march sioned an expenditure which is readily explained.to have been present, which was heightened to ex- to the cars, marshaled by Capt. Miles, who during The total outlay has been 820,0001; of this sum, stacy by the novelty and sublimity of the scene, the the day showed the advantage of military know. 28,4651 Gs. 11d. was consumed in obtaining the char. ledge, even in organizing a company of travelers. ter and in exposing the artifices, and defeating the splendor of the cars, the perfection and durability of At half past three o'clock the cars started for selfish and combined efforts of their powerful and nu. the work, and joy beaming in every countenance. their return trip, and were little more than half an merous adversaries, who nevertheless, had the as. The company consisted of stockholders, managers hour in performing the distance of between six and surance to pretend that Railroads could not enter and invited guests. We saw not only some of the au. into a successful competition with their long cherishseven miles. The carriages or cars are splendidly made and ed monopolies-whilst they were straining every thorities of Philadelphia, but of this place. (I trust mivary passengers a wa dir will not return without being side, and 15 or 16 outside: they are each of them not their insincere professions, evinced their real impressed with the importance of clean streets and drawn by one horse in shafts between the rails. opinions, and triumphant experience has since provpure water.) The labors of the animal were much greater yes. ed the irremediable inferiority of their cause. The company, attended by a splendid band of mu. terday than they will be hereafter. The friction of The opposition of the aristocracy (whose domains sic, moved about 11 o'clock and arrived at German- the axles is now very great, and the pathway is yet were to be invaded by a work of vital importance to town without accident; where they, with an assem- rough. These matters will correct themselves short- the mere public) succeeded in preventing its entrance bled multitude from the adjacent country, were ad. ly. into their pleasure grounds; hence, neeossity of sedressed in a very appropriate manner upon the com During the progress of the cars both ways, but es. lecting a route of greater difficulty, enormously inmencement, progress and future prospects of this pecially returning, they were greeted with the hearty creased the expense. : work, the benefit to the surrounding country, and cheers of thousands who were gazing with anxious To obtain a line almost direct between the two prospect of immediate remuneration of profit to the curiosity at these strangers. Each promontory, ele. greatest seats of commerce and manufactures on capitalist. After which we took up the line of march vated point, and near window, was occupied with earth-Liverpool and Manchester enormous excato the Hall, where was provided a sumptuous colla. the curious: Age seized its staff, and flourished it vations, embankments, and tunnels were requisite. tion, with the choicest wines. Nothing marred the exultingly Childhood forewent its toys to witness The improvement of the profile, and the plan of the enjoyments of the day, which were at the same time the novelty; youth poured out its exuberant spirits line, to adapt it to the rapid transportation of goods, highly gratifying and rational, reflecting great credit in huzzas; and beauty unveiled itself, that no part of passengers, and the mail, and the unusual solidity of on those who arranged and superintended the core. the exhibition might pass unseen. The hat was flour. every portion of the works must be referred to.monies of the occasion. ished, labor swung its spade and mattock; the boys The consequence has been a velocity in transportashouted, and the girls waved their handkerchiefs in tion which has astonished tl.a civilized world-the OPENING OF THE PHILADELPHIA, GERMANTOWN, AND hearty felicitation and good wishes. We looked out beneficial result of which is beyond all calculation, NORRISTOWNRAILROAD-On the 6th inst., agreeably to with delight apon one grey headed dame who joined as much as it surpassed all previous experience: an arrangements previously made, the managers of the the joyous group, and shook her withered arm in a effect has been produced which forms a new era in Philadelphia, Germantown, and Norristown Rail- paralytic ecstacy of pleasure; and just then we the history of man; the experiments, every day in road opened that important work between this city caught the eye of a black-eyed damsel, whose fostive progress, are destined to revolutionize the commerce, and Germantown. At a very early hour crowds of face beamed forth a smile of heartfelt delight-but the intercourse, and the warfare of nations. Canals people were seen flocking to the depot in Button she was looking at a young man on the top of our have almost sunk into insignificance. A comparison wood street, Penn Township, and before 11, many carriage. thousands had assembled on foot and on horseback, of their limited powers, with the unrivalled enerand admired the splendid cars, which were placed in goodly representation in the company. Our breth- Nevertheless, this newly acquired advantage over Almost every profession and employment had a gies of a new creation, is almost preposterous.— file along the track. The Managers of the Company, the Stockholders, l'ost, and a few ci-devants, were there to whose bet-has occasioned additional expense. Hereafter it ern of the Sentinel, of the Gazetto, the Inquirer, the Canals, or the inferior Railways of the olden time, and a very large number of invited guests, ascomblod ter judgments wo must leave the decision upon the will be shown that the acquisition is worth the exin the hall of the Company's building, at the Eastern wines. Brother Morris is "au fait" in such matters. penditure. lowing order: termination of the road. There the New Philadel. It is due from the invited guests to the board of The land, alone, cost 107,3821 14s. 3d.; and the phia Band, in their splendid uniform, was assembled, directors to say, that every exertion was made, and warehouses and depots 66,6977 Os. Od. The wagons occasionally cheering the company within and the successfully made, to ensure the enjoyment of the and engines 27,991 11s: 4d.: (the wagons which multitude without, with their excellent music. At twelve o'clock the invited guests were called were their hearty wishes for the success of the Rail to the company, if sold, 10,0004.) The sum of 3,6291 visiters, whose admiration was warmly expressed, as were used for constructing the work, are yet worth to the cars appropriated for them, ranged in the fol-road. 168. 7d. was paid for the interest of money borrowed; Next morning the cars commenced their regular and 25000/ will be received from the resale of land. running on this route; and we may expect that in ad- The specific sums, just mentioned, amount in the agdition to those who use this mode of conveyance in gregate to 246,6661 9s. 1d.; and as they have no conthe way of business, thousands will be invited by cunexion with the cost of the construction of the Railriosity to test the merits of the carriages, and to road, (the cost of boats, horses, and buildings is not &c. view the extreordinary works of viaducts, bridges, usually estimated as part of the cost of Canals,) they must be deducted from the 280.000 previously 1. The Germantown, 2. Benjamin Franklin, 3. Robert Morris, 4. Penn Township, 5. Madison. 6. Jefferson, 7. Philadelphia, 8. William Penn, Following these were cars with benches for the accommodation of the band. The President and Directors of the Company oc cupied the "President." Wo ought to remark, that the horses are attached mentioned; the balance, 573,333/ 10s. Id., is the ac. to the car in such a manner, that should they bolt tual cost of the Manchester and Liverpool Railroad. the car or passengers. [U. S. Gaz.] from the track, and fall, no injury occurs thereby to The length of the main line being nearly 31 3.5 OF RAILROADS, AND CANALS.-Continued. At fifteen minutes past twelve precisely, the cars began to move. Some slight difficulties were ex miles, and the branches added by the Company at perienced, owing to the horses not being used to the the depots amount to nearly four-fifths of a mile in employment. All moved on, however, harmonious- A COMPARISON OF THE RELATIVE ADVANTAGES necting lines to pass from one track to another.) the aggregate, (exclusive of the sidelings or conly, and with sufficient rapidity to allow an occasiona look at objects which had assumed a new face by The length may, therefore, be stated at about 32 1-2" Some of the advocates of canals have quoted the miles, and the cost at 17,641/ per mile. the introduction of the Railroad. About 1 o'clock enormous cost of this Railroad (which is every day 2. The Stockton and Darlington Railroad, which the cars arrived at the rear of Germantown. The proving its superiority to every other moans of trans. is a single line of 25 miles in extent, exclusive of the company then alighted; the band marched to an portation) with triumphant exultation, with a blind branches, cost only about 52001 per mile, the cost of eminence near the front carriage, the top of which self delusion, and with a nauseating repetition, which land and of their charter not being estimated. The was then occupied by the officer of the Railroad interest and ignorance combined, alone could pro- embankments and excavations on a part of this line company, and after a fow tunes played, E. H. Bon- duce. They resemble the ostrich, which closes its were enormous. The stock is, nevertheless, greatly sall, Esq. the President of the Board of Directors, eyes to avoid the odious sight of its pursuing foes, above par. made a very interesting and pertinent address, in and deems itself the most secure when most exposed 3. The Cromford and Peak Forest Railroad exwhich he took a hasty glance at the labors which to peril. The conduct of children,hiding their heads tends 32 3.4 miles. It is a double line; the cast iron the company had performed, the difficulties over. under the bed clothes to protect them from danger, rails weigh 63 lbs. to the yard for each rail. The come, and the prospect they now had of a full reali. excites a smile of ridicule. The similar conduct of deep cuttings and embankments are extensive, and zation of their hopes of a profitable investment of some of the grown up advocates of Canals, excites there are several tunnels; one of the latter is 1590 capital. only a smile of compassion. The company was then invited to form a proces. yards in length. There are nine inclined planes sion to Mrs. Heft's tavern, preceded by the music.-why this work should be selected for the purpose of plane is furnished with two stationary steam en It would be difficult to assign any plausible reason which overcome 1800 feet of rise and fall-each Here, after a few minutes waiting, they were invited a standard of the cost of Railroads in general-gines. The road was finished in the year 1831, at into a hall, where had been prepared a sumptuous when that cost exceeded four times the sum per mile an expense of 140,0001 and 20,0001, in addition, will repast, in just such order, and in just such quantities, expended on any previous Railroad in Great Britain finish the second track, which was then complete on as hungry men admire. -and was almost as inuch as the cost of several of a part of the line. This total of 160,000/includes the The grosser provisions of the table having been the more expensive Canals intended for boats only. cost of land and all the machinery-fencing and discussed, with a perseverance and gravity worthy Have the Canal advocates ever referred to the lat. every expense. The average, therefore, of this difficult the best days of our ancestors, the lighter matters ter in their estimates of the relative average expense work is 51917 per mile, being only 7 per cent. great. were drawn forth, and some wine glasses handled. of construction? Their liberality is unbounded to er than the original estimate. = 4. The great Austrian Railroad, which connects broken, the wooden rail beneath it would sustain to two tons eight cwt. of coal conveyed 16 miles per the Moldan and Danube rivers, in Bohemia, is 80 the temporary pressure of the wagon, and thus pre. day (and the empty wagons brought back) by each 57 tons 12 cwt. gross, conveyed miles in length, and passes over the dividing moun- vent dangerous accidents which might otherwise oc- nule employed, tains which are elevated nearly 1000 feet above the cur, particularly if the motion of the wagons were one mile, (each wagon weighs 16 cwt. and carries town of Budweis, where the road commences. A rapid. Part even of the Manchester and Liverpool 32 cwt. in addition.) The effect on a Railroad, small portion of the rails are of cast iron, and the re- road is constructed of wooden string pieces, and where any desirable grade is attainable, has been mainder of wrought iron, resting on wooden string- wooden sleepers are also used on the embankments. shown in page 399 to be equal to nearly 360 tons pieces. They are placed on a stone wall of prodigi. Iron rails have very judiciously been rejected in the conveyed one mile.* These Railroads have lately been slightly improv ous thickness, and sometimes of great elevation, United States, with two or three exceptions. The which extends the whole length of the Railroad!-reader is referred to Chapter 11, and to the Appen-ed, but are still very imperfect. These two works, The bridges, cuttings, embankments, and rock exca-dix for descriptions, &c. of the various kinds of which are unrivalled for their imperfection, have nevertheless been complacently adduced, by the enemies vations, as well as the iron, were unusually expen- Railroads in use, or proposed, in this country. sive. Nevertheless, the cost of the 40 miles (which The cheapness of timber permits the construction of Railroads, as standards of the value of the Railwere finished in 1829) was only 21361 per mile. The of Railways even for purposes which would some. road System ! cost of the remaining 40 miles is not known to the times preclude their adoption in England, namely, *The calculation in oach case applies to the deEditor. for the transportation of an extremely small tonnage, In France several extensive Railroads have been or for some temporary objects. Of the 67 Railroads, scending loads, and does not include the return of execated. The cost of iron in that country is enorm- now in existence in Pennsylvania alone, not one is the empty wagons. Notwithstanding the imperfecous, and has greatly increased the expense of con- constructed exclusively with iron rails.* The great tien of this road, and the small trade conveyed on it, Railroads:majority of them, in number, although not in aggre. the whole cost of its execution was repaid by its use structing the following to Lyons; this road was ungu af, om, in fortunis only The Canal, with which it composition. Of co course, the is connected, ished in 1831. It extends 34 1.5 miles through a ticle of iron in their requires a greater expendi- interest on the capital exceeding the sum saved in country abounding in difficulties. There are not weight drawn less than 14 tunnels, extending in the aggregate 2 ture of power than would be requisite on rails com transportation on it. WOOD's Treatise on Railroads, with the Appendix 1.3 miles; one of them is a mile in length, another, posed wholly, or partly, of iron; but, in many 2990 feet in length, is constructed under the River cases, the final result proves that economy attends de Gier! The bridges have been very expensive; their use in consequence of the small capital which by the American editor, G. W. Smith, Esq., contains one of them, which crosses the river Saone, cost is requisite to establish them. Some have been a great number of valuable facts, descriptive and sta700,000 francs. The excavations in earth, and in made for only $400 per mile for single lines the tistic, on the subject of Railroads in England, on the rock, have been very extensive, and the embank. timber in these cases being obtained without any Continent, and especially in this country. Some of ments are heavy. The rails of wrought iron, resting other expense than the labor of shaping it, and the these, particularly in relation to Continental Railon chairs of cast iron, supported on stone blocks.- Railways not requiring any expense for Road For roads, are entirely novel to a great part of our eomThe line is double, and locomotive steam engines are mation, &c. Some of the small Railways, in minos, munity. The smallness of the direct literary and lish channels, between us and European nations used on it. Exclusive of land, wagons, and loco have cost even less than the sum just mentioned. and scientic communication, except through Engmotive engines, the cost of this road (the most ex- Such roads are, of course, only suited to limited purpensive in all France) was $40,086 and 38 cents poses. Nearly 6000 tons were conveyed on a wood. speaking a different language, has made us less famper mile and it may be observes that it has been en Railroad extending from the vicinity of Tunnel. liar with them and their domestic undertakings of ville, on the Kiskeminetas river, to a distance of enterprize and improvements, than their importance finished for less than the estimate. 6. The Railroad from Roane to Andrezieux is a two miles from the river; the rails were of the tram deserves. For information on these heads we are Among the most interesting works of the French, single line of 42 1.8 miles in length; the rails are species, and the embankments, which were made of much indebted to the present work. similar to those just described. The cost was $13,- stone and earth, seldom exceeded a height of two or in improving their means of internal communicathree feet. The cost was near the sum above mon. tion, is the Railroad from St. Etienne to Lyons. It 191 52 cents per mile, including land. All the six roads above mentioned are intended for tiened. The cost of Railroads, which conform to the nas remarkable for the enormous amount of rock and general trade, and have been made since the year 1824-5. tural profile of the soil, and not requiring much, if other excavation, and of embankment and masonry The first Railroad which was made in France, any, additional expenditure for Road Formation, &c. which was necessary, the expense of its construcnamely, from St. Etienne to the Loire, extends 13 may be readily estimated by the reader, with an ap. tion, which was greater than of any other in France, miles; it is a single line; (the rails of cast iron cost proximation to accuracy, by referring to the detail and the nature of the expedients by which the diff nearly thrice the sum per ton for which they could ed estimates of the actual cost of the numerous Rail. culties of the country were overcome to obtain a uninow be made in England.) The total cost of the roads described in the Appendix, due allowance be- form grade, and a line nearly straight. There are Railroad, exclusive of land and wagons, was $17,- ing previously made for the relative value of labor not less than fourteen tunnels, extending in the agand materials in any given Tocamy. The extra ex-gregate to and a half miles. One of them is a mile 019 10 conte por milo, The reader is referred to the Appendix for a more pense which may be required for Road Formation, in length; and another, 2990 feet in length, is cardetailed account of these and other European Rail- &c. can be ascertained only by surveys and calcula. ried under the river Gier. tions made by competent engineers. The apparent exceeded 1,800,000 francs. A viaduct over the river of the cost was 9,799,248-what is very unusual, The cost of constructing Railroads in the United simplicity of Railroads has been of serious injury to Saone cost 700,000 francs. The original estimate States will now be described, and that the expense their value in public estimation. It has induced enis less than in Europe will be made manifest.- terprizing but uninformed individuals to invade the less than the estimate. This sum ineludes 1,750,000 Although labor is more costly, it is worthy of note, province of the engineer, and attempt the formation francs paid in part før land, and 1,400,000 for locoLocomotive engines are employed, one of which that the construction of our Canals, our Bridges, and of works, which, when executed, have not realized motive engines, wagons, interest of money, &c. our Railroads, has been attended with less expense the anticipated advantages. The superstructure of than such works when executed in countries where Railroads, namely, the Railway, may not always ab-is worked by gravity. Another of them is worked The great Austrian Railroad which connects the labor is cheaper. The causes which produce this solutely require the skill of an engineer, (although by a fan which creates a draught by exhaustion. result could not be wholly explained without enter in the great majority of cases his services will be ing into a long digression. With respect to Rail- of great utility) but the selection of a suitable Moldau and Danube rivers, is also an extraordinary roads, however, some of them may be mentioned.-route, and the arrangements of the details of work. It is eighty miles in length, and passes over 39 miles. The embankments and cuttings are proThe cheapness of timber and land, the facility of pro. Grades, Curves, and the necessary structures, & the Mountains of Bohemia. It rises 1076 feet in curing legislative sanction, and the trifling damage for a Railroad intended for the economical transporto houses and other property, in a country where tation of a large trade, require all the resources of a digious, and the rails are placed on a stone wall of road. In the embankments, the wall is five feet and a largo tracts are almost in a state of nature, operate profound and peculiar science. A Railroad may, in great thickness, extending the whole length of the in their favor. Timber costs eight times the sum in deed, be located and executed by an intelligent per-half thick at the top, and, no matter what may be the height of the embankments, is always carried England which is paid for it in our country; in fact, son, not conversant with engineering, and some in many places it is of no value, and the labor of benefit may be derived from its use; but dearly purpreparing it constitutes the whole cost. The adap. chased experience has already manifested, in Penn-down below the original surface.- Balt. American.] SARATOGA RAIL ROAD.-The Ballston Spa Gazette tation of timber to Railroad purposes was strenuous-sylvania and elsewhere, that a full development of ly recommended by the Editor eight or nine years the capacity of these useful works cannot be expec says, "Two very responsible persons have offered to since, when he endeavored to introduce Railroads, ted from the efforts of mere natural ingenuity. The lease the road for ten years, keep it in repair, and in preference to Canals, to the public attention.-Schuylkill Valley and the Mauch Chunk Railroads roads. The cost or the tunnels struction. We presume the company will not listen The use of timber, on a limited scale, which he had will naturally suggest themselves to the mind of the pay 7 per cent per annum on the entire cost of conobserved, when in Europe, convinced him that this reader. The first work extends ten, and the second to any such proposition, as we think it has been dematerial would be preferable in the United States in nine miles. (See the detailed descriptions in the monstrated that the income of this road will be over It was alleged, by some Appendix.) Although nature had provided scites 35 per cent. per annum clear of all expense. A rise a great majority of cases. of our citizens, that rails, unless constituted wholly the most advantageous, (descending nearly the of 17 per cent, within a few weeks, has shown that of iron, would not possess sufficient strength or dur. whole distance,) nevertheless, the radical defects in the public are beginning to understand the subject." We learn from the Saratoga Sentinel that the ability, and that the experience of Great Britain had the plan, the profile, and the superstructure, as well led to the abandonment of timber and the adoption as in the mode of management, have rendered the Railroad is rapidly approximating towards a compleof iron alone. The circumstances of the two coun- useful effect of these roads far inferior to a level, tion-the blocks and bed timbers are down on most tries are different; in one, iron is cheap and timber or even of a slightly ascending line! The useful of the line-seven or eight miles of the rail timbers dear-in the other, the reverse is the fact. The effect on the Mauch Chunk road being equal only are laid-and parties are now placing iron plates thereon. There is little doubt, we believe, that caropinions of many practical men were given in sup* Three Railroads in Pennsylvania, which are, riages will be running by the 10th or 15th of next port of the Editor's views; and every engineer of eminence, who has since been consulted, in either however, intended to ace wille an enormous month. be opened during [From the Allegany Republican.] Europe or in the U. States, confirms the correctness trade, are in progress, and provided wholly with The NEW-YORK AND ERIE RAILROAD BILL having of the views presented. Timber rails, when supported the present year; they will in a proper manner, and protected from unequal iron rails of the Clarence pattern, supported by stone It is on the embankments wooden supports will be passed, I am now desirous to know the most propressure and abrasion by iron rails, are not only cheaper, but are also attended with less risk of frac used. Part of the Pennsylvania Railroad is made bable and expedient route for said road. generally and confidently talked in the north part of ture; and, if the iron should by any accident be with continuous granite sills and flat iron bars. Allegany and Steuben counties, that the route is navigation which has been heretofore used only by ed at least one half; a saving will also be made on by way of Hornellsville, Almond and Angelica. To the flat boats of the celebrated iron works of Carth. the horsepath and the (English) Iron will be cheap. this I must dissent; and for reasons so obvious that every candid and impartial man will admit my age, and then for a part of the distance only during whole at $3000. As to the grading, it is impossible reasons; which are,-First-The Hornellsville route high water. Sand bars in a few places of the upper to calculate it at present. Were the country level er than it is here set down. am safe in putting the takes it out of a direct course that it might go.-portion will make an improvement necessary.2nd-From Hornellsville to the Genessee river via This has been pronounced easy by three Engineers, good turnpike road without an artificial bed, say 7.-or gently undulated it would cost no more than a Angelica, it stands thus:-670 feet rise from Hor nellsville to the summit, and 322 feet fall from thence to the village of Angelica-from Angelica Cruger and Hutchinson, and estimated by them at grading, including some deep cutting, could be conwho have successively examined it, Messrs. Geddes, 800 to $1000 per mile. I find in your journal, p. to the Genessee River, is 129 feet fall, making a from 4,000 to 12,000 dollars. In anticipation of tracted for at the price of $1000 per mile. Say. 50, that on the Rochester and Dansville Railroad, the rise and fall of 1121 feet between the Canisteo at the granting of the charter, a few enterprizing in- however, including bridges, &c. $2000; add $1000 Hornellsville and the Genessee river, should it take dividuals had agreed to subscribe to its stock a sum for engineering, contingencies, &c. and here is a this route, (according to Col. De Witt Clinton's sufficient to build a steamboat calculated to navi- Railroad single track with turn-outs for $6000 per report,) and will, therefore, require stationary pow. gate the river, even without improvements, except mile. er, as the average rise and fall will be about 47 feet a few weeks in the dry season, when the reads are per mile :-The 3d objection to the Hornellsville good. This boat will have two engines of each which is intended for the Black river Company, but route is, on account of there being one much bet. ten horse power, built by one of the best ma- may be applied to other roads. The worst part of our Allow me now to make a very simple calculation ter by going no further up the Canisteo river than chinists in the State, and is calculated to go ten routes will be between the Erie Canal and the Black Bennett's Creek, thence up said creek and into miles an hour. Kridet "[98 andusée nearly on Pennsylvania 1 the It is launched, and will begin its river. A height of 700 fast is there attained in on Thence down the Genessee about three miles to the head of it at Rossie. It is intended to connect engines surmount with advantage; but I do not line. from the foot of Black Lake near Ogdensburgh to feet per mile, which is a tride over what locomotive www gamovat going miles. this were uniform it would be only 35 Marsh creek and thence onward nearly in a direct the two steamboats by stages, so that, between the mean to employ them, and this uniform degree of and level line to Olean Point. This route, from the Erie Canal and Ogdensburgh, a distance of about inclination cannot be attained. Suppose then 50 Canisteo to the Genessee, has not been surveyed, 120 miles, there will be but little more than half the feet per mile, which will give 14 miles of such asbut from personal and good information, the rise is distance, to be traveled by land. If the project of cent, and 6 miles level; but suppose that the whole so little that stationary power is not supposed to be a steamboat at Theresa on the Highfalls of Indian 35 miles between the Erie Canal (I take Rome as needed; as Bennett's and Krider creeks head out of River, which is now on foot, be realized, as I think the point the survey having been made to,) and High one Marsh-and the rise and fall on these creeks is it will, then the land carriage will be shortened 12 falls, ascend at that rate, and let us not consider the very moderate. A survey of the rise and fall on or 15 miles. The latter steamboat will, probably, be fact that in going down the disadvantage of going up this route from the Canisteo to the Genessee will able to reach without impediment or improvement will be compensated; I have the authority of the probably be taken and laid before the public, which, of the river, the falls at Rossie; which will then Engineer I spoke of above, for saying that on such I am confident, will show this to be the most expedi- shortly after be locked so as to make but one boat an ascent two horses will draw a carriage with 20 ent route,in practicabilty and location, of any other required between Theresa and Ogdenburgh. Even passengers and their baggage at the rate of 10 miles that can be had. My 4th objection to the Hor-in the present state of things at Rossie, the distance per hour for a stage of 7 or 8 miles. To take 10 nellsville and Angelica route is, that it will between the Erie Canal and Ogdensburgh, in a to passengers with 4 horses, at that rate on any road. increase the distance to Olean Point about 25 lerable state of roads, will be overcome in one day west of Albany, through the year, is impossible.— miles, and the cost about $500,000!! Besides without fatigue. The Company are authorized to Suppose then a complete McAdam road made, which this, add the inconveniences attending stationa-stop their improvements at Theresa or any point on would probably cost double the Railroad, the comry power, the delays and additional expense in waters navigable to Ogdensburgh. transporting and traveling this route, to the one I propose. These are some of the many objections result. But I anticipate ere long & much more favorable horses would do on the Railroad what 2 drivers and parison would stand as follows:-1 driver and 2 to the practicability of this route. My 5th and last are authorized to locate their improvements is suf-ving of 1 driver and 6 horses for every 7 miles, which The country through which the Company 8 horses would do on the McAdam road, or a saobjection that I will now make, is, that by locating ficiently new and so formed as to furnish a great a- I understand to be about the length of relays of the it on this route will place it too near the Dansville bundance of materials, and, at the same time, popu-mail coaches in England. The use and wear and and Rochester Railroad and the north part of the lous enough to afford every facility for work and tear of horses is estimated in a report on the Alba. counties and too far from the Pennsylvania line, provisions; and thus it is probable that Railroads ny and Boston Railroad at 50 cents per day, and this thereby leaving a great tract of fertile country to (not speaking of Canale, which it is not my present calculation is rather below that which I have made the south (in New York) with no great advantage purpose to examine) may there be made as cheap as with one of the most experienced and successful from the road, and will, thereby lose all the trade in any part of the world. I am aware of the objoc-stage owners of our state. Say, then, 1 driver at and support of the north part of Pennsylvania.-tions which are now made to Railroade. Arc-action 07-1-2 cents a day, and 6 horses at 50 cents each, is Pat on the other hand, hy kooping noarty a direct has taken place before a failure has warranted it.course to Olean, it must come up Bennett's creek One of the most difficult subjects which agitates the $200 per mile saved annually, where two daily and so down Krider creek, thereby shortening the world at present is talked about by persons who un-coaches run, or $100 for avery coach. This does distance and saving a great expense and the sta. derstand as little as I do myself about it, with imper. not take in calculation the saving of half the carfor 360 days $1,400. This divided by 7 miles gives tionary power, and finally place it in the very track turbable assurance. to receive all the support of a vast inland country, one after the other, till I was weary of the subject, member that I suppose à continuous ascent of 50 both in New York and Pennsylvania-and to be on the precise relation, with cost of transportation, be- feet per mile. I have heard great men repeat riages and the difference of wear; and chiefly re. a fair equilibrium between the north and south.-tween a Railroad and a Canal-Sir, it is "three this for Sackett's Harbor, Cape Vincent, and OgFor, should the north desire or require it, a side times" upon the former-exactly "three times"— densburgh. Railroad, or canal could be made down the Genesee neither more nor less. But my present concern is an accommodation stage leaving three times a Now there is a daily stage leaving to Rochester, thereby further improving and con-not with Railroads of the kind of those which have week, and many extras through the year may verting the Genesee valley and country north more given rise to these assertions, and without attempt. carry the number of coaches to two per day There has been in the fine season than it would be, should the great Railroad be lo.ing to do that which is impossible, viz: to compare through the year. cated on the Hornellsville and Angelica or any those two systerus upon general principles, I con- very moderate calculation to say that shortly af other route, and will also be a material support and tent myself with an examination of what is possible ter the road was in operation, the traveling would addition to the business on the main Railroad. Hav-in our project. At any rate, it would be a ing made these statements and remarks, and ho. nestly believing them based on facts too stubborn a calculation of the cost of making a Railway which be $500 a year on stage traveling alone, which reand plain to be doubted or denied; I now leave the will, I believe, be adopted generally in new parts of presents a capital of $7,142 more than the estimated In one of the numbers of your paper, you will find saving effected per mile, as above stated, would then be equal to the use of five coaches per day. The subject, presuming that it is only necessary to have the country-I mean that of a wooden frame with cost of the road. Freight of produce and merchanthis generally known and surveyed to ensure the the usual fron rails, laid on the bed of the road.-dize would more than pay repairs and provide for location of the Railroad upon it. ed. PLAIN LANGUAGE. This plan has been tried on the Hudson and Mohawk renewing the wooden rails. This calculation, howRailroad on new embankments, and succeeds admi-ever, will appear too low when we consider the too NEW YORK, JUNE 1832. rably well. It will probably be less affected by frost unfavorable basis I have taken, and the very great To the Editor of the Railroad Journal: than stone blocks, unless an immense expense be in- increase of traveling produced by the settlement of SIR,I herewith send you the charter of the which is not contemplated, and is much more easily be the great thoroughfares to the Canadas. curred with the latter to guard against it altogether, a largo and fertile country, and that these roads will Black River Company, incorporated last spring by the Legislature of this State. Its object is to con- that lie on the ground will require renewing every books at present in the city. Money is yet too repaired if deranged by frost, or are otherwise injur. Yet, with these promising results before us, I neet, by Railroads or Canals, the Erie Canal, be- twelve or fifteen years; but the cost of the whole scarce, and fancy about Railroads too low, to ren. The only objection against it is, that the sills would not advise the parties concerned to open their' tween Rome and Herkimer, with Lake Ontario at will be but one quarter, or one third, that of the der success probable. The owners of the property Sackett's Harbor, and with the St. Lawrence at ble if the whole had to be renewed. Cape Vincent and Ogdensburg. You will observe stone blocks; and would be therefore still prefera- to be benefited, and merchants and mechanics, and that these routes are divided into six sections; one ing,) is given in the article above mentioned at navigation of the Black River, and making further The cost of this kind of road, (exclusive of grad. cient by subscriptions to the stock for improving the or more of which the Company may make in the about $4000. This agrees well with the oxperience surveys. This would undoubtedly evince the capaother men of business, ought to raise funds suffi course of three years, and the rest, or any part of of one of our ablest engineers, who is employed on bility of the country to encourage and render prothem, in ten years thereafter. One of those sec-kind enough to give me, may be assumed as follows: favorable fluctuation in the money market will have tions is the Black River from the High Falls, in the our northern Railroads. The calculation he has been fitable these improvements. Meanwhile a new and county of Lewis, to the Long Falls at Carthage, in Wood materials per mile, the county of Jefferson, which the Company are Iron, authorized to improve and to navigate by steam or Work, any other power. This section embraces a naturaļ Horse path, $1260 1400 700 600 taken place. It is to be hoped that a similar change |