23. Aboleo, adoro, adīgo, ambigo, circumeo, decido, diluo, ebibo, eloquor, inaudax, inūro, obeo, obambulo, pereo, pererro, prædico, præfero, profero, profluo, prodesse, prodígo, redeo, redigo, relevo, subactus, subitus, suborno, rupicapra, agricola, millepěda, capripes, noctivăgus, centimănus, misericors, brevilõquens, superstes, ædifico, maledico, multimodis, quomodo, cominus, propediem, quilibet, alicubi, præterea, sicubi quamobrem.

Scientiâ nulla res est præstantior. Obsequium amicos, veritas odium parit.

Ad Cæsarem Augustum delatum est, L. Cinnam insidias ei struĕre. Cinnam ad se accersivit, dimissisque omnibus, indicium exposuit, adjecit locum, socios, diem, ordinem insidiarum ; et cùm sua in eum beneficia plurima commemorasset, pro quibus ille infandam cædem paraverat, his verbis desiit: Vitam tibi, Cinna, itĕrum do, priùs hosti, cùm te in hostium meōrum castris inveněrim, nunc insidiatori ac parricidæ. Ex hodierno die inter nos amicitia incipiat; et quàm libenter ego tibi vitam do, tam libenter tu mihi eam debeas. Post hæc, detulit ei ultro consulatum, questus quòd non auderet petere; amicissimum fidelissimumque habuit. Heres illi solus fuit: et nullis amplius insidiis ab ullo petitus est, id clementiâ consecutus, quod antea severitate frustrà quæsivĕrit.

ETYMOLOGY.

NOUNS.

The following questions are inserted as examples of exercises on the declensions.

What are the terminations of the several cases in the first declension in each number? What is the termination of the nom. sing. ?-nom. plur. ?-gen. sing. ?-gen. plur. ?—dat. sing. ?-dat. plur. ?—acc. sing. ?—acc. plur.? -voc. sing. ?-voc. plur. ?—abl. sing. ?—abl. plur. ?

The order of these questions should be varied, till each termination can be instantly given without reference to its connection. In the same manner, the learner should be familiarized with the termi nations of each of the other declensions. When these are perfectly acquired, promiscuous exercises on the terminations of all the declensions should be introduced.

Give aula, dat. sing.; cura, gen. plur.; galea, acc. sing.; insŭla, abl. plur. ; litěra, acc. plur. ; luscinia, abl. sing.; machina, nom. plur.; penna, gen. sing.; sagitta, voc. plur.; stella, dat. plur.; toga, voc. sing.

Give animus, nom. plur.; clypeus, voc. sing.; corvus, abl. sing.; focus, acc. sing.; gladius, gen. plur.; lucus, acc. plur.; numerus, dat. plur.; oceanus, dat. sing.; trochus, dat. sing.; puer, abl. sing.; Lucifer, acc. sing.; socer, gen. plur.; aper, acc. plur. ; auster, dat. sing.; faber, nom. plur.; liber, abl plur.; magister, voc. sing.; onǎger, dat. plur.; Teucer, abl. sing.; antrum, acc. sing.; atrium, nom. plur.; bellum, acc. plur.; exemplum, abl. plur.; negotium, dat. sing.; saxum, gen. plur.; Tullius, voc. sing.

Give poēma, abl. sing.; schema, nom. plur. ; stemma, gen. plur.; epigramma, gen. sing.

Ancile, dat. sing.; mantile, abl. sing.; ovile, acc. plur.; aquilo, gen. sing.; bubo, acc. sing.; regio, acc. plur.; oratio, nom. plur.; ratio, gen. plur.; latro, abl. sing.; ferrugo, dat. sing.; formido, acc. plur.; grando, gen. sing.; orīgo, gen. plur.; virgo, dat. plur., homo, acc. sing.; caro, abl. sing.

Animal, nom. plur.; vigil, acc. sing.; Titan, dat. sing.; Siren, acc. plur.; carcer, dat. plur.; calcar, abl. sing.; pulvinar, nom. plur.;-mel, nom. plur.; — agmen, dat. sing.; crimen, nom. plur., carmen, abl. plur. ; gramen, abl. sing.

mater, nom. plur.; frater, abl,

Tibicen, acc. sing. ; plur.; accipiter, acc. sing.;

crater, acc. plur.;

far, abl. sing.; hepar, dat. sing.; cor, nom. plur.;

abl. sing.

Ales, gen. sing.; clades, acc. sing.; crates, dat. plur.; comes, gen. plur.; ædes, gen. plur. ; lebes, nom. plur.;

miles, acc. plur.; vulpes, dat. sing.; pedes, abl. sing.; seges, abl. plur.; obses, nom. plur.; heres, acc. sing. ; Ceres, abl. sing.; æs, dat. sing.

Classis, acc. sing. ; messis, nom. plur.; ovis, gen. plur. ; pellis, dat. sing.; vitis, acc. plur.; sitis, acc. sing.; Aprīlis, abl. sing. ; — cinis, dat. sing.; cuspis, acc. sing.; sanguis, abl. sing.; lis, nom. plur.

Mos, abl. plur.; ros, abl. sing.; arbos, acc. sing.; dos, acc. plur.; sacerdos, dat. plur.; custos, nom. plur.; bos, acc. sing., dat. plur.

Fœdus, nom. plur.; corpus, abl. sing.; frigus, dat. plur.; munus, acc. plur.; nemus, dat. sing.; vulnus, gen. plur.; tempus, acc. sing. ; palus, acc. sing.; juventus, abl. sing.; virtus, nom. plur.; jus, acc. plur.; tellus, acc. sing.; laus, abl. plur.

Stirps, abl. sing.; dens, nom. plur.; mons, dat. plur. ; forceps, acc. sing.; frons, acc. plur.; auceps, dat. sing.

Cornix, gen. sing.; conjux, dat. plur.; crux, dat. sing.; lex, acc. plur.; nutrix, acc. sing.; frux, abl. plur. ; — apex, nom. plur.; index, abl. sing.; pontifex, acc. sing. ; supellex, acc. sing.; senex, abl. plur.; nix, abl. sing.; nox, acc. plur.

Cantus, abl. sing.; currus, gen. sing.; exercitus, acc. plur.; fluctus, abl. plur.; senatus, dat. sing,; lacus, dat. plur.; veru, abl. sing.; fides, abl. sing.; spes, nom. plur. ; facies, gen. sing.

ADJECTIVES.

The learner should be made familiar with the various terminations of adjectives, in the same manner as with those of nouns. He will already have acquired most of them, from their correspondence to the several declensions and genders of nouns. This correspondence will be more obvious, if each gender is declined separately.

Altus, abl. sing. fem., nom. plur. neut., acc. plur. masc.; fidus, gen. plur. masc., acc. plur. fem., abl. plur.; longus, acc. sing. masc., abl. sing masc., gen. plur. fem., acc. plur. neut.; benignus, voc. sing. masc.; asper, dat. sing. masc., nom. plur. neut., abl. sing. fem.

Miser, nom. sing. neut., nom. plur. fem.; æger, nom. plur. masc., acc. sing. fem., dat. sing. neut.; sacer, gen.

plur. fem., acc. plur. masc., dat. sing. fem.; alius, nom. sing. neut.; solus, gen. sing.; alter, dat. sing.

Alăcer, nom. sing. neut.; celeber, nom. plur. masc.; paluster, acc. sing. fem.; salūber, acc. plur. neut.; terrester, gen. plur.

Brevis, acc. sing, neut., abl. sing.; dulcis, nom. plur. masc., abl. plur.; omnis, nom. plur. neut., gen. plur.; tres, gen. plur., acc. plur. neut.; altior, dat. sing., acc. sing. neut., nom. plur. fem.; felicior, abl. sing., dat. plur., acc. plur. neut.; gravior, gen. plur.

Audax, dat. sing., nom. plur. neut., abl. plur. ; ingens, acc. sing. neut., acc. plur. fem.; hebes, acc. sing. masc.; dives, abl. sing., gen. plur.; deses, nom. plur. masc.; bipes, acc. sing. masc.; compos, abl. sing.; cœlebs, abl. sing.; anceps, nom. plur. masc., gen. plur.; pauper, gen. plur.; senex, gen. plur.; concors, dat. sing.; vetus, gen. plur.; uber, acc. plur. neut; volŭcer, gen. plur.; memor, gen. plur.

What is the root of arctus ?-what the comparative? -the superlative? What is the root of capax ?-its comparative ?-its superlative? What is the root of clemens ?-comparative ?—superlative?

Compare miser, salüber, pulcher.

The student should be exercised on the pronouns also, till he can readily give any form required.

VERBS.

What are the personal terminations of the active voice! —of the passive? What are the terminations of the second and third roots in the first conjugation ?-second conjugation?-third?-fourth? Give the terminations of the parts formed from the first root in the first conjugation, active voice-passive voice-in second conj. act.-pass. -in third conj. act.-pass.-in fourth conj. act.-pass. Give the terminations of the parts formed from the second root-from the third root.

The student should be exercised on the terminations of verbs, in each conjugation, voice, mood, tense, person, and number, till he can

give the required termination of any part, and on the other hand decide readily where any given form is found.

Give the principal parts of the following verbs in both voices :

Laudo, to praise; muto, to change; voco, to call; compleo, to fill; moveo, to move; terreo, to terrify; duco, to lead; mitto, to send; jacio, to throw; nutrio, to nourish; punio, to punish; vestio, to clothe.

NOTE. Do is a sign of the present tense, did usually of the perfect, but when it denotes continued or customary action, of the imperfect. These auxiliaries are used especially in interrogations.

Give the Latin words corresponding to the following English forms:

ACTIVE VOICE.

I praise, thou wilt praise, he was praising; we have praised, ye may praise, they had praised.

I was changing, thou hast changed, he had changed; we shall have changed, ye will change, they change.

I will call, thou mayst call, he would call; we might have called, ye call, they had called.

I have filled, thou shouldst have filled, he will have filled; we would have filled, ye fill, they were filling.

I had moved, thou mightest move, let him move; we may move, ye will have moved, they will move.

I may terrify, thou wast terrifying, he would have terrified; we terrify, ye might terrify, they have terrified.

I might lead, lead thou, let them lead; we will lead, ye had led, they would lead.

I may have sent, thou wilt have sent, he sends; we will send, send ye, they can send.

I might have thrown, thou hadst thrown, let him throw; we would throw, ye will throw, let them throw.

I shall have nourished, nourish thou, he was nourishing; we nourish, ye were nourishing, they will nourish.

punished, thou mayst have punished, he had punished; we should have punished, ye punish, they punished.

I shall clothe, thou shouldst clothe, he clothed; we have clothed, ye will have clothed, they could have clothed.