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following number of stairs for stories not exceeding the given

areas:

Not exceeding 2,500 square feet in area, one stairway.

Not exceeding 5,000 square feet in area, two stairways.
Not exceeding 10,000 square feet in area, three stairways.
Not exceeding 20,000 square feet in area, four stairways.

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(2). Construction.

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The width of the stairs required by this

section shall be in no case less than three feet and two inches from wall to center of hand rail, or from center to center of parallel hand rails and shall be greater if required by the Superintendent of Building.

All stairs shall have treads and risers of uniform width and height throughout in each flight and the rise shall be not more than eight inches, and the tread, exclusive of nosing, not less than nine inches.

All stairs shall be provided with proper banisters or railings and hand rails.

If more than two stairways are required, one may be omitted if the building is of fireproof construction.

If there are two flights or more of stairs required, one outside fire stairs erected in accordance with section 6 of this code shall be considered the equivalent of one inside flight of stairs as herein provided, but no outside fire escape shall be accepted in lieu of such stairs.

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(3). Slate and stone treads to be supported. In all buildings hereafter erected where the treads and landings of metal stairs are of slate, marble or other stone, there shall be placed directly underneath each tread and each landing for their entire length and width a steel plate made solid or having openings not exceeding four square inches in same, of adequate strength, but not less than one-eighth of an inch in thickness, and securely fastened to the strings with bolts or rivets, or to both the strings and risers if the treads be more than three and one-half feet long. If stairs are of other fireproof material than metal, and the slate, marble or other stone treads and landings are each solidly supported for their entire length and width by the materials composing such stairs, steel supports shall not be required. ***

§ 6. Outside fire stairs. (1). Outside stair equivalent to inside stair-Any building hereafter erected or altered, and which is required to have two or more staircases, as specified in section 5 of this code, may have in place of one inside stairs an outside fire staircase, which shall be accessible to all occupants.

(2). Position. Such outside fire stairs shall be entirely of suitable iron or steel. They shall extend from the curb, court or yard level to the roof, and shall in no case be in front of openings in the wall. At each story there shall be access to the stairway. Access shall be only by doorways connecting with steel or iron balconies on the outside walls of the building. Doors shall be self-closing, at least three feet wide, metal covered, with metal covered jams and castings, and shall swing outwards to open, and be provided with locks or latches with visible fastenings that require no keys.

(3). Outlet at roof and curb level.- Direct outlet shall be provided at roof and curb level. Where staircases end in a court or yard not connecting openly with the street, there shall be a fireproof passageway not less than three feet wide and six feet six inches high, leading direct to the street.

(4). Construction. The staircase shall be at least three feet wide in the clear and have treads not less than nine inches wide, exclusive of nosings, and risers of not more than eight inches. Landings the full width of the stairs shall be provided at vertical intervals of not more than twelve feet. All treads shall be of uniform width. No winders shall be permitted. The connecting balconies which shall be provided in addition to any stair landing and at the same level therewith, shall be at least three feet six inches wide in the clear, and not more than two inches below the door sill. The top surface of treads, landings and balconies shall have a roughened surface to prevent slipping. Stairs shall have substantial banisters, railings and handrails. All parts of stairways and balconies shall receive not less than three coats of paint, one before and two after erection, and shall be kept painted and in good repair. Stairways, balconies and all passageways connecting thereto shall at all times be kept free from incumbrance.

§ 7. Fire escapes. (1). Application of section. Every hotel, tenement, factory, mill, workshop, store, detention building, school or college building hereafter built, more than two stories in height, and every office building hereafter built which is more than four stories in height, shall have at least one exterior fire escape, and if the area of the third story exceeds 10,000 square feet, there shall be at least two exterior fire escapes.

All existing buildings, in whole or in part, occupied and used as specified in this section, not already provided with outside fire escapes, as specified by this section, shall have such fire escapes as this section directs placed upon them; except as follows: On existing buildings other than factories, where the stair fire escape cannot be applied without obstructing window or door openings, or without giving the stairways a pitch of more than sixty degrees, balconies as hereinafter described in this section shall be provided, and vertical chain or endless ladders may be attached over the middle of the space between tiers of windows.

(2). Construction.- Fire escapes hereinafter built on the outside of buildings shall consist of open iron stairways, placed at a proper slant, not more than sixty degrees slant, with steps not less. than 6 inches in width and 24 inches in length and protected by a well secured hand rail on both sides. They shall be connected with each floor above the first floor, well fastened and of sufficient strength, and shall have landings or balconies, not less than 6 feet in length and 3 feet in width, guarded by iron rails not less than three (3) feet in height, and embracing at least two windows at each story, not less than 30 inches in width, the sill of which is not more than 30 inches above the floor of the building inside at that opening, connected with the interior by an easily accessible unobstructed opening. The bolts which hold the fire escape to the wall shall pass completely through the wall and have a plate and nut on the inside of the wall and the nuts shall be riveted on.

(3) The windows or doors to each fire escape shall be located as far as possible, consistent with accessibility, from the stairways and elevator hatchways or openings. Iron ladders shall extend from the platform at the top story to the roof. Drop stairs, or a sliding drop ladder, shall reach from the lowest platform to

the ground and shall be hinged and hung with a counterweight suspended to chain or cable with the said weight entirely enclosed in an iron pocket, in which it shall move freely up and down; and the weights of all fire escapes now existing shall be enclosed in such iron pockets.

(4). Fire escapes shall be kept painted and in good repair, and no person shall place any incumbrance whatsoever before or thereon.

The penalty for neglecting to keep fire escapes and balconies free from incumbrance shall be a fine of $10 for each offense.

(5). There shall be securely fastened to each balcony in a conspicuous place, a cast iron plate bearing the notice, “Fire escape must be kept clear of incumbrance. Penalty $10."

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BUILDING ORDINANCE OF 1905.

Section 10. Requirements as to style of construction. As to the general style of construction of buildings erected the following rules shall govern.

Fireproof construction shall be required in:

(a) All buildings over six stories in height, except churches and grain elevators.

(b) All buildings erected to be used, or used, as hotels, over four stories in height; as schools over three stories in height, and hospitals, asylums, or public buildings over two stories in height.

(c) Boiler rooms containing boilers carrying fifteen pounds or more pressure, engine rooms in all buildings of classes I, II and V, and in tenements, apartment houses, hotels, asylums and hospitals.

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§ 45. Fire escapes. Outside iron stair fire escapes or inside fire stairways herein specified shall be constructed in or upon every building more than two stories in height, used as a hotel, tenement house, apartment house, lodging house, factory, mill, office building, hospital, asylum, school or public building. The number and

location of such fire escapes and fire stairways shall be governed by the location of the building, its style of construction, size, constructed means of egress, number of inmates and the purposes for which used. When inside fire stairways are adopted, they shall be constructed entirely of fire-proof material enclosed with fire walls and shall connect with a passageway leading directly to the street, without any connection whatever with the basement. They shall have standard fire doors, self-closing, at every landing, which doors must never be locked or fastened. When outside fire escapes are adopted, they shall consist of open iron stairways of not more than forty-five degrees slant with steps not less than six inches in width and twenty-four inches in length, and protected by a well secured handrail on both sides. They shall be connected with each floor above the first, well fastened and of sufficient strength, and shall have landings or balconies not less than six feet in length and three feet in width, guarded by iron railings not less than three feet in height, and embracing at least two windows at each story, connected with the interior by easily accessible and unobstructed openings.

The windows or doors to each fire escape shall be located as far as possible, consistent with accessibility, from the stairways and elevator hatchways or openings, and the ladders thereof shall extend to the roof. Drop stairs shall reach from the lowest platforin to the ground, and shall be hinged and hung with a counterweight suspended to chain or cable with the said weight entirely enclosed in an iron pocket, in which it shall move freely up and down, and the weights of all fire escapes now existing shall be enclosed in such iron pockets.

Any other plan of outside iron fire escape, substantially as above required, shall be sufficient if approved by the bureau. Fire escapes shall be kept painted and in good repair, and no person shall place any incumbrance whatsoever before or thereon.

If any person shall neglect or refuse for thirty days after notice in writing from the bureau to construct such outside stair fire escapes or inside fire stairways as this ordinance requires, and the bureau shall direct, said bureau may cause such fire escapes or stairways to be constructed, and the expense thereof, and ten per

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