were bending their meek horns over a trembling excessively. "Why do you trough supplied by the running stream. bring Susanna? If it had not been for Beyond the farm was a little climbing wood of ferns and ling-a wonder of delicate woodland - all in motion, all in life. her, my father would never have interfered - never, never. Oh, it is cruel — cruel!" Then she turned desperately upon Susy herself: "Tell papa he can prevent our marriage, but what I am, what I feel, belongs to me and to Charlie - not to you or to him," cries the girl, something in her old natural voice and manner. After all, it was a comfort to her to speak to complain, to upbraid, to be angry. As for Susy, she flushed up and sighed, she did not know how to answer her stepdaughter's passionate appeal. Poor little Tempy! 66 "O Susy," Tempy continued, relenting, "I thought you would have helped us I thought " - she burst into tears. "You are all wrong, you know," said Jo. "Mrs. Dymond did her very best to help you. Don't cry, Tempy." The crest of the Tarndale Old Man towered overhead, the shadows of the clouds were crawling along its rocks and heathery flanks, the foreground opened out shining, beautiful boulders of purple rock were lying on the smooth turf, the stream hurried by, the air became keener and more keen, the country changed as How different words are out of doors they climbed, the nearer hills seemed to on a mountain-side to words shaped by shift their place, to melt into new shapes; walls and spoken behind doors! Jo's under their feet sparkled ling, flowers, matter-of-fact, Susanna's simple eloquence specks delicate points of color. Su- of looks, of pitiful feeling, touched Temsanna's cheeks glowed. There was some-py more than any elaborate words, to thing exhilarating in the sense of the which indeed she could scarcely have lisquiet moor all round about, of the wide tened at first. fresh air, and the racing clouds overhead. There she is," said Jo suddenly. "I thought we should come upon her.' And so it happened, that Tempy, looking down from a rock above, sees the heads of two figures against the sky com ing straight upon her from the valley. She cannot escape. Why will not they leave her alone? All she wants is to be alone, to live over poor Charlie's parting looks and words an hour ago. How can they ask her to be smiling and complaisant and indifferent, they who are all happy and contented and together, while she is lonely and forlorn? and then as Tempy looks up defiantly she sees them close both beside her. There is Jo with his friendly, home-like looks, and Susy, silent, shy, with those appealing glances, which Tempy scarcely knows how "Your father would consent if only he thought it right," Susanna was saying at last. "He knows he must know better than you or I what is best. Ah, you don't know," she said, speaking not without that personal feeling which gives so much meaning to the most commonplace expressions, "you must never, never know, Tempy, what it is to be linked with a man for whom you are ashamed, whose life is one humiliation. I have lived this life," said Susy, turning very pale. "I know what your father dreads for you, and that even his dread is not so terrible as the reality. I bore it a year; my mother has lived it ever since I can remember," her voice faltered. Tempy looked hard at Susy, and now it was Susy who began to cry. "You don't understand, any of you — nobody can understand anything for anybody else," Tempy repeated doggedly; "but I should like to be with papa again, and with you, Susy; only promise me to say nothing hard of Charlie - not a word I cannot bear it, I will not bear it, I never will." "O Tempy, that you may be sure of," said Susy eagerly, "only come !" and she took the girl's not unwilling band. The three walked back in silence, Jo jogging ahead with his hands in his pockets, not absolutely satisfied with this com. promise, and sorely tempted to whistle. Susanna and her stepdaughter, hand in hand, following silent, but reconciled in that odd, intangible way in which people sometimes meet in spirit after a parting perhaps as silent and unexplained as the meeting. Some great events had been going on meanwhile overhead, the clouds were astir beyond the crests of the hills. Vapors were rising from behind vapors, strange shrouded figures were drifting and flying across the heavens, steeds and warriors followed by long processions of streaming fantastic forms; while the southern hills were lying in a golden stillness, the head of the valley was purple, black- angry. The summit of the mountain was half hidden in mysterious rolling clouds. Sometimes from one break and another break in the rolling clouds, yellow streams of gold seemed battling with the vapors; you might almost imagine the wonderful, radiant figure of the lawgiver coming down out of the glorious haze. "We had better make haste," said Jo; "it looks like a storm," and he trudged faster and faster. The cows were whisking their tails and crowding together in the meadow as they crossed by a stile and a short cut back to the farm again. The opposite side of the lake above Crowbeck was calm and bright, with the sky show. ing through soft mists, midday shining through silver. They come round by the village with its straggling lodging-houses, built of country stone, with slated roofs from the quarries. Mrs. Tyson looks out from one of the cottages and drops a smil. ing curtsey; it is civilized life again after the solemn mountain-side. with anxious care. "Jo, you should have come home by the road," he said severely. He held Tempy's hand for a minute as he helped her out. "I wanted you home, my dear," he said. "Papa, I am glad to come home, but I shall never change to Charlie," said Tempy, looking hard at her father. The colonel's face grew set and black, "I am sorry to hear it," he answered, and he dropped her hand, and turned abruptly away and walked ahead with Susy. The storm broke before they reached the house. After her first warm greeting the girl seemed to draw back. She did not sulk, she did not refuse to join them, but every day seemed to divide her more and more from her father and step-mother. She used to go for long walks across the moors and come back tired and pale and silent. She took to sewing, a thing she had never cared for in her life, and she would sit stitching all the evening silent, gloomy; no longer monopolizing the talk with cheerful vehemence, scarcely hearing what was said. Miss Bolsover used to come constantly then, and Tempy would brighten up a little. One day Susy came in and found them sitting hand in hand by the fire. Tempy seemed to be in tears, Miss Bolsover was wiping them with her lace pocket-handkerchief. Aunt Fanny looked up with her usual flutter as Susy came in. You mustn't mind her liking to tell me her little troubles," she said. "Tempy knows well enough I don't," said Susy with a sigh. "She must come and stay at the Hall; we know how to cheer her up," Aunt Fanny continued. Susy looked at her. Miss Bolsover turned away with a faint giggle. GenerDoctor Jeffries dashes by in his gig. ous eyes have looks at times which ma"You must make haste," he cries, flour-licious orbs cannot always meet. ishing his whip; "the storm is coming." Then they meet George Tyson from the Place, coming with bread and provisions in a basket. "Come down and help to shove off the boat, George," says Tempy, who, as usual, gives her orders with great authority, and so they come again to the sandy shore. "Ye'll ha'e nobbut time to get hoam before the storm," says George, pushing them off with a mighty heave. It took all Jo's strength to get the boat across, for the breeze was freshening every moment. The colonel was waiting anxiously at the other end. He helped out his wife From The Nineteenth Century. THE RED MAN. THE hackneyed question of mental capacity, relative and positive, of the Red Man is continually thrust forward in connection with the policy pursued towards him. It is the favorite theme of the frontiers, as it involves not only the possibility of his civilization but in the expansive conclusions of border logic and of white man's avarice his right to the soil. Its satisfactory solution - satisfactory to the white man only-is deemed a plausible | Man are to be judged by his ability to justification of the white man's aggression; and, as if it were an opiate for distressed consciences, he "shakes it" (before the world !) and "takes it." cope with the Machiavellian diplomacy of the conventional "agent," the Red Man must yield-just as sagacity is overreached by intrigue. Ever since the shrewd "agent" at Council Bluffs sent up a man in a balloon to convince the assembled and astonished Indians that he received his mandates direct from the Great Spirit in the sky, the Indian chiefs themselves have lost some confidence both in the justness of their cause and in their comparative intelligence. "No use" (exclaimed Onpatonga, as the man and balloon disappeared skyward), "no use-beat Indian every time-me talk no more-give me quill, sign paper-talk quick!" Such subtle, such ethereal diplomacy is, it must be confessed, too much for the primitive sagacity of the aborigine. How mental capacity, or rather how a finer tissue of brain organism can affect the dispensation, or the suspension, of justice, any more than it can affect the remission of sin, is a point which the pale-face conveniently ignores. With a benignant flourish of the hand he waves aside such disturbing questions-feigning to regard them as the drivel of "sentimentalism." With that term, in lieu of argument, he satirizes every expression of sympathy and philanthropy. Sentiment it may be; justice it is; and it will no more be waved back by a flourish of the hand than would the billows from the beach. It is developing, intensifying. Since the war that emancipated another But an ethnographic view of the subject race, the hand of civilization has been left is not to the present purpose, and I turn free to remove other obstructions from its to one of more service, merely remarking path. The sympathies of the world at that the Red Man's capabilities for civilleast of the great republic- are concen- ization are less doubted with every year's trating upon another object, the Red Man. progress, and doubted the least by those During the past year fifteen Indian Rights who know him best. Associations have been established in as many of the principal cities of the States. Independent of these, or as adjuncts to them, the good women of America are diligently organizing Indian Women's Aid Associations. Well may the abused Red Man look upward, and take courage. He is by no means ignorant of these organizations, nor of their object. Craniology is not the subject of their deliberations. The question of brain-pans and crania is left to the discussion of those who have an eye upon the Indian's estate; and they readily set up the usual plea of impatient heirs the owner is incompetent, a lunatic, an imbecile. But neither mental nor physical supremacy has anything to do with the establishment of an honorable policy. Even if it had, there are some perplexing problems for those who would deny either the intelligence or the virility of the aborigine. I shall leave one or two here for their consideration. The average of estimates made by competent authorities shows that the slaying of each Indian warrior has cost the lives of fifteen sol. diers. During the Seminole war twenty. five hundred warriors resisted, for seven years, a force of twenty-five thousand reg. ulars at a cost to the government of thirty million dollars; and the Seminoles were finally subdued with the assistance of a thousand Indians from hostile tribes. If the natural endowments of the Red That there are three hundred thousand people whom the law places in such a singularly unique position, so insulated from mankind, that even upon their own territory they are neither denizens nor aliens, neither citizens nor foreigners, is inconceivable but true. That the Indians, by possessory rights actual and constructive, do own the territory which they occupy, and which they occupied before Federal laws were in existence, is acknowledged, tacitly at least, in the very operation of bargaining for their lands, and negotiating treaties with the tribal chiefs. It is this vague and indefinable position before the law that has been, from the beginning, the main source of trouble with the Indians.* Not an alien, nor a denizen, nor a subject, the Federal law is mystified in defining his legal status, and suspiciously regards him as a sort of unclassified heteroclite, but still under the Federal jurisdiction. Perhaps the closest approximation that can be made towards In his notes to the Indian romance, "Onnalinda," Mr. W. J. Byam states very concisely the vague and various designations given by the Federal attorneys general to the Indian: "The red man is not a citizen, and he is not a foreigner. He is a nondescript. At different periods he has received different designations: years ago he was a 'domestic subject;' then a perpetual inhabitant with diminutive rights;' now he is the government's 'ward.' The latter is manifestly a misnomer, for the ward' in this case, in order to bring a suit against his guardian, must first obtain his guar dian's permission.' defining his unique position before the law but with the usual contradiction in terms that characterizes the Indian controversy is, that the Indian is a perpetual sojourner upon lands which are his, but whose right to that land is subordinate to the government's desire to purchase. work of pillaging or debauching wigwams. These scoriæ are the plaintiffs, and all the evidence is purely ex parte; the defendant is silent-the Red Man has neither pens nor telegraphs. He could only do what their chief Yosoyahola did - clutch a handful of green grass, and with one hand hold it up before the Indian commissioner, and with the other point to the Arkansas River. More expressive than words was that pantomime: The grass grows and the waters run-you, paleface, have broken the treaty. The absurdity in making treaties with these Indian clans as so many sovereignties does not appear to have occurred to Congress until the year of grace 1871. Years prior to that, treaties were made with the great tribes in the east, and, in consideration of certain pensions, rations, But the pressure upon the government etc., and of ceding to them, a certain terri-increased. Troops were ordered to adtory in the far West, "to have and to hold vance upon the Indian territory to protect while grass grows or waters run," they whom? Not the poor Indian in the were induced to migrate. But the terri- rights granted him by solemn treaty, but tory thus ceded to these migratory tribes the marauders, the squatters. was already occupied by more barbarous Indians. Their title to the land had never been extinguished by any stipulation, grant, or pension. If such extinguishment was ever made, the government has not deemed it advisable to honor it with official record. Probably it may be placed (with the Council Bluffs affair) under the broad head of balloon diplomacy. Congress suddenly realized its dilemma and the fearful mistakes in its policy mistakes it had been committing for a hundred years and on March 3, 1871, an act was passed declaring that "no Indian nation or tribe within the territory of the United States shall be acknowledged as an independent nation, tribe, or power, with whom the United States may con. Fifty years ago that tract of land ceded tract by treaty."* This was not only a to the Indians, though of enormous ex- humiliating admission of a hundred years tent, was not deemed of great value to of blundering diplomacy, but also a tacit the white man; the schoolboy's atlas of ratification of all the treaties made during that time represented the greater part of that time. Whether the passage of this that territory as an "unexplored region," act was a blunder more conspicuous than or as the "great American desert." But usual, is a problem yet to be solved. It that schoolboy-the incipient Congress was only one step. It brought the Red man! has since discovered his error. Man more fully under Federal jurisdiction, The lustful eyes of the border settlers but it gave him no legal rights, no civic soon espied oases, and very big ones too, privileges. It is for the purpose of urging in this Sahara. Congress soon learned another step in advance that the Indian through innumerable and importunate pe- Rights Associations, before alluded to, titions that it was a fertile, a wonderfully are being instituted. Their object is to fertile, country: covered with "vegetable influence public sentiment, and through mould a yard deep," says one of the peti- that to bring a pressure upon Congress tions — a sudden accretion to the school to grant the Indian, first, his land in sevboy's Sahara! Pioneers advanced. Then eralty; second, citizenship. This is the another discovery-gold! The Indian only possible solution of the problem that reservation (the "great American desert") has vexed the Federal government for a was a Pactolus ! Crowds invaded it; set- century, and made its policy vacillating, tlers occupied it; squatters claimed it. inconsistent, humiliating, cruel. The alRailways dumped upon its borders-like lotment of land in severalty to the Indian so much volcanic scoria - the rabble, the I mean to each head of a family - will scum and dregs of eastern cities. Naturally enough the result was a pandemonium of lust, rapine, and murder. All at once the newspapers set up their many lined pica headings: "Terrible atroci ties!" Savages rampant!" "Defenceless whites murdered!"- followed by a coagulating, triple-leaded despatch from from whom?- from those "defence. less whites" while resting from their | be a benefaction the advantages of which cannot be here enumerated. It will be an incentive to thrift, for he may then count upon reaping where he sows; but more broadly than that, it will enable him to sunder his tribal affiliations and his allegiance to tyrannic chiefs, and thereby remove the only legal abstacle in his way to Revised Stat. U.S., sec. 2,097. adoption as a citizen. As a citizen he | calculable. Their manly deportment is may maintain his rights in the courts of emulated by their untutored brethren; law; for (be it known to the world, and be they are efficient aids to the Christian it said with due humiliation) the Indian has now no legal redress! The white man may sue, prosecute, or persecute, an Indian; but an Indian cannot, personally or by attorney, sue a white man-not even for his hard-earned wage: not even for injury to person or property. mission schools; they bring to their tribes unimpeachable evidence that the settlers, squatters, and (be it said with shame) some of the government's agents, are not exponents nor samples of civilization. Instances of the immediate influence exerted by these trained pupils are numerous. I shall note one, from the "Record of Hampton's Returned Pupils " A mother, who heard of our being on the Reservation, brought her boy sixty miles to ask us to take him. He is at Hampton to-day. It is not proposed to confer the elective franchise without discrimination, but with certain qualifications which the native sain answer to the question whether the gacity of the Indian, stimulated by the American Indians are willing to have happy prospect before him, will speedily their children taken to school. acquire. That there are, even now, hundreds of Indians better qualified for exercising the political rights of citizenship than are many thousands of the whites... After our leaving the Agency for the who poll their unread ballots, is evident enough. Perhaps there is no man living whose opinion on this matter should out. weigh that of General Crook. Year after year, both as soldier and commissioner, he has been in actual contact with the various tribes of Red Men, and as a soldier he will not be accused of sentimental ism. He says:— The proposition I make in behalf of the Indian is, that he is at this moment capable, with very little instruction, of exercising every manly right. He does not need so much guardianship as many people would have us believe. What he does need is protection under the law; the privilege of suing in the courts, which privilege, to be of the slightest value, must be founded upon the franchise. And he says in conclusion: I wish to say most emphatically that the American Indian is the intellectual peer of most, if not all, the various nationalities we have assimilated to our laws, customs, and language. People who talk of the "possibility" of civilizing the Indian are ignorant of the progress made during the last decade. The government schools at Hampton, Carlisle, Forest Grove, and other places have demonstrated not only the possibility but the astonishing aptitude for advancement shown by Indian children. After their course of instruction they return to their homes and forests as so many lanterns of civilization and Christianity. I admit that, here and there, a pupil under the influence of his old surroundings has "gone back" into barbarism. But if a lamp here and there go out in the darkness, shall no more lamps be lighted? The influence of these trained pupils among their less fortunate kindred is in We sent steamboat landing, some three miles off, a boy When told the contents of the note he was greatly disappointed, and volunteered to run the risk, insisting that he must go. He agreed, if too sick to stay at school, Virginia, a distance of 1,000 miles) by selling to pay his own way home (from Hampton, some cattle he had. Of course we brought that boy. Voters of all shades, from white to ebon, are being made of worse material than such as that Red boy. With the ballot in his hand the Red Man will need no guardianship, no protection. He may bury his tomahawk. In his presence, political parties will vie with each other in the meekness of their salaams. His welfare, his health, his wife, and all his papooses, will suddenly become objects of tender solicitude. He will be agreeably surprised at his quick metamorphosis from "a bloody savage" and a "whooping hyena " into a full blown gentleman with a presented button-hole posy on his lapel. But his surprise will gradually vanish as he learns the potency of that bit of "talking paper -a power to send those sycophants to Washington or to the ploughtail to hold a portfolio or a hoe-handle. The severalty allotment of land to the Indians will enable the government to discontinue, gradually, the granting of subsidies, rations, etc. a system that has wrought incalculable mischief, morally and physically. Its result is, naturally enough, to pauperize the donees making them improvident, vagrant, contentious. It is radically wrong; for the |