Economic Inquiries and Studies, Volumen2G. Bell and Sons, 1904 |
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Términos y frases comunes
ab extra abroad aggregate income agricultural amount appears armaments Army Australasia Austria-Hungary average birth-rate births over deaths British Empire capital census cent century coal colonies commercial compared comparison consumption course crease deal debt deduction diminished diminution discussion doubt duties economic employment England enormous estimate European excess of births expenditure fact figures foreign trade France Free Trade Germany Government growth of population head idea immigration Imperial Imperial Federation imports and exports income tax increase of population India industry labour less manufactures material growth matter means ment million miscellaneous mother country nation obtain Orange Free peace period political present production proportion Protectionist question rate of growth rate of increase raw materials regards revenue Russia self-governing colonies South Africa square mile statistics tariffs things tion Transvaal union United Kingdom wealth whole Zollverein
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Página 147 - The only case in which, on mere principles of political economy, protecting duties can be defensible, is when they are imposed temporarily (especially in a young and rising nation) in hopes of naturalizing a foreign industry, in itself perfectly suitable to the circumstances of the country.
Página 147 - Rae, that nothing has a greater tendency to promote improvements in any branch of production, than its trial under a new set of conditions. But it cannot be expected that individuals should, at their own risk, or rather to their certain loss, introduce a new manufacture, and bear the burden of carrying it on, until the producers have been educated up to the level of those with whom the processes are traditional. A protecting duty, continued for a reasonable time, will sometimes be the least inconvenient...
Página 147 - American Protectionists often reason extremely ill, but it is an injustice to them to suppose that their Protectionist creed rests upon nothing superior to an economic blunder: many of them have been led to it much more by consideration for the higher interests of humanity, than by purely economic reasons.
Página 147 - The superiority of one country over another in a branch of production, often arises only from having begun it sooner. There may be no inherent advantage on one part, or disadvantage on the other, but only a present superiority of acquired skill and experience. A country which has this skill and experience yet to acquire, may in other respects be better adapted to the production than those which were earlier in the field...
Página 147 - ... of carrying it on until the producers have been educated up to the level of those with whom the processes are traditional. A protecting duty, continued for a reasonable time, will sometimes be the least inconvenient mode in which the nation can tax itself for the support of such an experiment. But the protection should be confined to cases in which there is good ground of assurance that the industry which it fosters will after a time be able to dispense with it; nor should the domestic producers...
Página 38 - ... inevitably be more and more largely drawn into manufacturing. And a third consequence will probably be a check to the tide of emigration from older countries, a greater demand upon the agriculture of those countries, or at least a mitigation of the extreme competition it now sustains from virgin soils, and possibly a reversal of the present tendency for rents to fall. Such changes may hardly be apparent for a few years, with the exception, perhaps, of the diversion of the stream of emigration...
Página 136 - ... the supposition that industry by a natural law is becoming more and more miscellaneous, and that as populations develop the disproportionate growth of the numbers employed in such miscellaneous industries, and in what may be called incorporeal functions, that is, as teachers, artists, and the like, prevents the increase of staple products continuing at the former rate.
Página 62 - ... compared directly at all. The point is notoriously of great importance in historical investigations. In comparing England of the present day with the England of previous centuries the difference of the average weight and qualities of the live stock called by the same names has always to be considered. In nothing in recent years, as I understand, have some continental countries such as France made more remarkable improvement than in the quality of their live stock, so that with no increase in...
Página 361 - It would be easy, indeed, to write whole chapters on some of the topics instead of making a remark or two only to bring out their value a little. It would also be very easy to add to the list. There was a strong temptation to include in it a reference to the relative growth of England, Scotland and Ireland, which has now become the text of so much discussion regarding the practical question of diminishing the relative representation of Ireland in Parliament, and increasing that of England and Scotland....
Página 360 - France is undoubtedly a low one, 21.9 per 1,000 in 1899, according to the latest figures before me, still this would have been quite sufficient to ensure a considerable excess rate of births over deaths, and a considerable increase of population every ten years if the death-rate had been as low as in the United Kingdom — viz., 18.3 per 1,000.