imports in, 144; commercial
treaty between Germany and,
165.
Bureau, of Lighthouses, 258, 260, 261;
of foreign trade information, 242,
243, 245, 250, 253, 254; of For-
eign and Domestic Commerce,
210-221 (work abroad, 210-215;
organization, 215-220; charts of
organization and functioning, 220-
221; divisions, 215-218; publica-
tions, 218; district and coöpera-
tive offices, 219, 251); of Census,
209; Weather, 263; of Agricul-
tural Economics, 225-227; of
Insular Affairs, 228.

Cadiz, free zone in, 155.
Canada, export prohibitions in, 75;

import prohibitions in, 77, 78,
81; basis for assessing ad valorem
duties in, 87; a customs union,
104; discriminating duties against
railroads of, 95; dumping duties
in, 98; tariff preferences, 106,
127; free list and unenumerated
articles in tariff of, 113; effects
of anticipated tariff changes,
116; treaty-making powers of,
166; reciprocity treaty between
United States and, 179; reciprocal
exemption from tonnage duties
between United States and, 180;
American maximum-and-minimum
tariff and, 183; merchant marine
policy of, 274.

weight basis for specific duties in,
91; single-schedule tariff in,
121; preferential tonnage duties
in, 179.

Ceylon, government monopoly of im-
portation in, 82.

Chamber of Commerce, European,

241; International, 246, 247; of
United States, 247-249; American
in foreign countries, 249, 250;
local in home country, 250, 251;
Dutch, 247; French, 249; British,
249.

Chamberlain, Joseph, 52.
Chile, export duties in, 61; specific
duties in, 88; payment of customs
duties in, 93.

China, export duties in, 61; tariff

enactment and administration in,
114; treaty ports in, 159, 160;
tariff schedules in treaties with,
170; treaties opening trade in,
163; open ports in, 170 note;
Trade Act of United States, 222.
Civil War (see "War").
Classical school vs. historical school, 37.
Clay, H., on protection, 39.
Cleveland, G., on tariff, 41; on con-

sular service, 198.

Coast and Geodetic Survey, 258, 261.
Coast Guard, United States, 258, 262,
263.

Coasting trade, treaty reservations re-
garding, 170; American, extended
to Philippines, 280; German pol-
icy regarding, 269.

facturers, 241.

Canals and rivers, treaties regarding,

171, 172.

Capitulations, Turkish, 163.

Caprivi, on protection, 48; treaties,
48.

245.

Carthage, commercial treaty between

Rome and, 163.

Central America, export duties in,

60; import prohibitions in, 81;

Colombia, weight basis for specific
duties in, 91; free frontier traffic
between and Ecuador, 104; pen-
alty duties under the McKinley
tariff, 181.

Democratic Party on protection, 41,
42, 43.
Denmark, commercial policy of, 50,
56; single-schedule tariff in, 121;
free ports in, 155; Baltic tolls
and, 171; reciprocity negotiations
with United States, 182; claims of,
to Baltic, 267.
Departments, in United States Govern-
ment, of Agriculture, 224-227;
of
Commerce, Ch. XIV, 236, 237, 258;
Navy, 227, 228; Postoffice, 228;
State, Ch. XIII, 235, 237; Treas-
ury, 223, 258; War, 227, 228;
British, of Overseas Trade,
238.
Dingley Tariff Act of 1897, 42; rev-
enue effects of anticipated changes,
116; reciprocity features, 181,
182.

237,

Dominican Republic, basis for assess-

ing customs duties in, 87; United
States customs receivership in,
114, 128, 228.
Drawbacks, 135-137.
Dumping, 44, 51, 53, 97, 98; and trusts,

70, 71; regulations against, 98–
IOI; United States Tariff Com-
mission and, 100, 118.
Dutiable list in American tariff, III.
Duties, definition of, 57, 58; classifica-

tion of, 58, 85; media of payment
of, 92-94, 109; forms and bases
of, Ch. VII; ad valorem, 85, 86,
88; specific, 85; compound (or
mixed), 85; discriminating, 94-
96; compensating, 96; counter-
vailing, 96, 97, 134; anti-dumping,
97-101; retaliatory, 101-103; pref-
erential, 52, 103-107, 126-127

tion Acts, 270.

Equivalent principle regarding draw-
backs, 146.

Europe, commercial policy in early
19th century, 31-32; preceding
World War, 47-50; since the
Armistice, 50-53, 56; general-
and-conventional tariff in, 122;
bounties in, 131.

Exchange, foreign, 50, 93, 99; bills of,
233, 234.

Exclusion policy in navigation, 269.
Exequatur, 197.
Export duties, Ch. V; mercantilism

and, Ch. II, 59; definition and
classification of, 58; relative im-
portance of, 59, 61; revenue, 60;
effects of, 61; protective, 62;
preferential, 63; police, 62; pro-
hibited by United States Consti-
tution, 60, 73.
Export, trade, 5; value as a basis for

ad valorem duties, 87; and im-

port favors, Ch. IX; sample ware-
houses, 245, 246.
Exporters' Index, in Bureau of For-
eign and Domestic Commerce,
219.

Federation of British Industries, 241.
Finland, free zone movement in, 155.
Fiji, tariff preferences in, 106.
Fiume, part of Austria-Hungarian
customs union, 115; free port,
153.
Fordney-McCumber Tariff Act of
1922, 46, 85, 89, 92, 95; flexible
features of, 46; countervailing
duties in, 79, 82, 97; anti-dump-
ing features, 100, 101; retalia-
tory provisions, 101, 103; con-
tents, scope, and arrangement of,
III-114; and reciprocity, 184;
manipulation of goods in storage
warehouses, 152.

Foreign Commerce and Navigation, an-
nual volume on United States,
218.

Foreign Trade, 5; Adviser, 207, 213.
France, mercantilism in, 23, 24; Con-

tinental System in, 32; Cobden
treaty between England and, 30,
32; protection in, 47, 48; ex-
port duties in, 63; receipts from
import duties, 66; import pro-
hibitions in, 77; weight basis for
specific duties, 91; tariff war be-
tween Italy and, 102; between
Switzerland and, 102; retaliatory
duties in, 103; colonial tariff
policy of, 105, 115; territorial
scope of tariff, 115; effects of an-
ticipated tariff changes in, 115;
general-and-conventional tariff in,
122; maximum-and-minimum tar-

iff in, 123, 125, 165; Spanish pref-
erential treatment of, 125; boun-
ties in, 130, 134; free ports in,
153, 155; Eden treaty with Eng-
land, 164; reciprocity with United
States, 181, 182; American maxi-
mum-and-minimum and, 183;
most-favored-nation treaties with
United States, 185, 189; mer-
chant marine policy of, 269, 274-
276.
Frankfort treaty, scope of most-fa-

vored-nation clause in, 188, 189.
Free, districts (see "Free ports" and
"Free zones"), ports, 152-154;
ship policy, 276, 279-281; im-
portation of foreign articles to be
reëxported after alteration, 138;
list, in tariffs, 112, 113, 141; tem-
porary importation of foreign
articles, 138, 139; trade, Ch. III;
trade era, European treaties of,
164; zones, 154-159.

Freedom of navigation, 267.
French Indo-China, transit duties in,
64.

French Revolution, 30.
Frontier traffic in the narrower sense,
158.

General-and-conventional tariff system
(see "Tariff").
German Argentinian Association, 241;

steel makers, bounties, 133.
Germany, Continental System in,
32; protection in, 48-49; export
duties in, 63; import prohibitions
in, 79, 82; payment of customs
duties in, 93; tariff war between
Russia and, 102; ibid. between
Spain and, 102; retaliatory duties
in, 103; customs union of, 104;
pre-war tariff acts in, 111; tariff
enactment and administration in,
114; general-and-conventional tar-
iff in, 122, 125; export bounties
in, 131; territorial scope of tariff
in, 115; free districts in, 153, 155;
most-favored-nation claims of,

American maximum-and-
minimum and, 183; treaty be-
tween Poland and, 189; free
ports in, 153-155; merchant
marine policy of, 269, 274, 275,
276; trade-promoting associations
in, 241; export sample warehouses
in, 245.

Gibraltar, a free port, 154.
Government monopoly of importation,
82.

Graduated duties, 90; minimum prin-
ciple, 108.

Great Britain (see also "British"),

commercial policy of, 24, 29; pro-
tectionist reaction in, 30, 51;
Safeguarding of Industries Act,
53; export duties in, 61; receipts
from import duties, 66, 67; im-
port prohibitions in, 81; weight
basis for specific duties in, 91;
discriminating duties on vessels
and cargoes, 94; pre-war revenue
tariff act of, 110; territorial
scope of tariff, 114; effects of
anticipated tariff changes, 116;
preferential tariff legislation in,
51, 127; wheat export bounty,
130, 133; effect of sugar bounty
in, 134, 135; Cobden treaty be-
tween France and, 30, 32; Eden
treaty between France and, 164;
Methuen treaty between Portu-
gal and, 164; bonded warehouses
in, 155; early most-favored-
nation treaty of, 185; navigation
of rivers by United States and,
175, 176, 182; treaty with Japan,
187; treaty with Zollverein, 188;
Department of Overseas Trade,
237, 238; claims of, to the Chan-
nel, 267; trade-promoting asso-
ciations in, 241; Navigation Acts,
19, 269; direct aid to shipping,
273; indirect aid to shipping,
275, 276.

ancient, 9; commercial policy of,
before World War, 30; import
prohibitions in, 77; effects of
anticipated tariff changes, 116;
general-and-conventional tariff in,
122; commercial treaty between
Germany and, 165.

Gross weight, 91.
Grotius, Hugo, 267.

Guam, preferential tariff policy, 105;
United States tariff not applied
to, 115.

Hague Convention for international
arbitration, 173.

Haiti, customs receivership in, 114,

128, 228; penalty duties under
McKinley law, 181.
Hamburg, part of German Zollverein,
115, 153; a free port, 153, 155.
Hamilton, A., 38; Report on Manu-
factures, 55; recommended boun-

ties, 131.

Hansa, origin and government of, 12.
Hanseatic League, exclusion policy of,
269.

Harrison, B. 41.
Hawaii, free trade with continental
United States, 105; reciprocity
treaty between United States and,
179, 189.

Historical school vs. classical school,
37.
Holland, mercantilism in, 22, 23; com-
mercial policy of, 50; weight as
basis for specific duties in, 91;
colonial tariff policy, 105; single-
schedule tariff, 121; most-fa-
vored-nation treaty with Belgium,
188; merchant marine policy,
274, 275.

Home market argument for protec-
tion, 39.

Hong Kong, a free port, 154.
Hoover, Herbert, 210.
Hospitality, ancient right of, 8.
Household effects, free importation of,

142.