The First Six Chapters of the Principles of Political Economy and Taxation of David Ricardo, 1817Macmillan and Company, 1895 - 118 páginas |
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180 quarters accumulation of capital Adam Smith additional quantity alteration annually brought to market cent circulating capital circumstances cloth commodities produced compared consequence consumed cotton DAVID RICARDO day's labour deer degrees of durability diminished duce effect employment exchangeable value expended fall of profits fall of wages farmer fisherman fixed and circulating food and necessaries gold hunter implements improvements increase labour bestowed labour necessary landlord less durable less labour less quantity Malthus manufacturer measure of value modities natural price necessary to produce paid population precisely price of commodities price of corn price of labour productive powers profits of stock proportions of fixed purchase quantity of labour raised rate of profits raw produce regulated relative value rise of wages rise or fall salmon suppose things tion trade unequal value of commodities value of labour value of money vary W. J. ASHLEY wages of labour wages rise wheat whilst
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Página 42 - Corn is not high because a rent is paid, but a rent is paid because corn is high ; and it has been justly observed that no reduction would take place in the price of corn, although landlords should forego the whole of their rent.
Página viii - IN that early and rude state of society which precedes both the accumulation of stock and the appropriation of land, the proportion between the quantities of labour necessary for acquiring different objects seems to be the only circumstance which can afford any rule for exchanging them for one another.
Página 70 - The friends of humanity cannot but wish that in all countries the labouring classes should have a taste for comforts and enjoyments, and that they should be stimulated by all legal means in their exertions to procure them. There cannot be a better security against a superabundant population...
Página 33 - Rent is that portion of the produce of the earth which is paid to the landlord for the use of the original and indestructible powers of the soil.
Página 43 - The capital employed in agriculture, therefore, not only puts into motion a greater quantity of productive labour than any equal capital employed in manufactures ; but in proportion, too, to the quantity of productive labour which it employs, it adds a much greater value to the annual produce of the land and labour of the country, to the real wealth and revenue of its inhabitants.
Página xi - To convince ourselves that this is the real foundation of exchangeable value, let us suppose any improvement to be made in the means of abridging labour in any one of the various processes through which the raw cotton must pass, before the manufactured stockings come to the market, to be exchanged for other things; and observe the effects which will follow. If fewer men were required to cultivate the raw cotton, or if fewer sailors were employed in navigating, or shipwrights in constructing the ship,...
Página 19 - There can be no rise in the value of labour without a fall of profits. If the corn is to be divided between the farmer and the labourer, the larger the proportion that is given to the latter, the less will remain for the former. So, if...
Página 39 - ... rent invariably proceeds *? from the employment of an additional quantity of labour , with a proportionally less return. The most fertile, and most favourably situated, land will be first cultivated, and the exchangeable value of its produce will be adjusted in the same manner as the exchangeable value of all other commodities, by the total quantity of labour necessary in various forms from first to last, to produce it, and bring it to market.