amination shows inflamed appearance of membrane of the abdominal cavity.

Cause. Serious inflammation of the wall of the abdominal cavity.

Treatment. Put the bird in a quiet place. Aconite (see page 9), to reduce the temperature, and opium, or one drop of laudanum, to relieve pain, have been recommended, but as a rule it is best to kill the bird.

PIP

Generally the effect of some other disorder

Symptoms. A hardened scale formed at tip of tongue.

Cause. Generally due to cold or other disorder affecting the breathing of the bird.

Treatment. Do not try to tear off the growth on the tongue by force, but moisten with vaseline or glycerin until it becomes loose. Give soft food.

PNEUMONIA AND CONGESTION OF LUNGS

Symptoms.

Generally fatal

Extreme depression and

great difficulty in breathing. Difficult to distinguish in the living bird from a very bad cold. Post-mortem examination shows the affected lung filled with an exudate. The lung sinks if put in water.

Cause. Following on a cold, the lung becomes congested with blood and a dark, viscous matter. Pneumonia may be considered a further, and generally final, stage of congestion.

Treatment. A cure is seldom effected, but in the case of a valuable bird the following treatment may be tried: Keep the bird in a dry, warm place; paint the skin above the lungs with tincture of iodine; give aconite. Feed on soft food and give a stimulant.

POISONING

Symptoms. As a rule the poisons that fowls eat are mineral. The most pronounced symptom is evidence of pain. In cases of arsenical poison there is diarrhea. A poison containing a copper compound

acts partly as an emetic, causing the fowl to make an effort to vomit. In cases of mineral poisons, post-mortem examinations show inflammation of the stomach and the digestive tract.

Sources of poison. Poultry are likely to get poisoned from the following sources: Fertilizers (e. g., nitrate of soda) used on fields in which fowls scratch for food. Such cases are rare.

Insecticides and fungicides (e. g., Paris green [arsenic], lead arsenate, Bordeaux mixture) applied to plants under which fowls run. If sprays are mixed in correct proportions and used in normal quantities, there is little danger to poultry feeding on the grass below sprayed trees. Great care should, however, be taken in disposing of the sediment and the residue after spraying operations are completed.

Rat poisons (e. g., phosphorus, strychnine, baryta). These poisons are particularly dangerous when mixed with cornmeal or other bait attractive to fowls. The best way to set rat poison is to put it in a piece

of piping of such a diameter and length that fowls cannot reach it.

Salt. Food mixed with salt for other domestic animals may be accidentally given to fowls. Chickens are the most likely to be poisoned by excess of salt.

act as irri

Treatment. If fowls have eaten poisonous substances, the fact is not usually discovered until after death or until it is too late to administer an antidote. Most of the poisons fowls are likely to eat tants of the digestive tract. white of egg should be given. It is advisable to give a stimulant, such as half a teaspoonful of brandy.

Milk and

PYÆMIA

Not contagious, and not common

Symptoms. This disease cannot be diagnosed except by post-mortem examination and microscopic identification of pus-forming organisms in the infected areas (whitish spots) of liver, spleen, etc.

Cause. Pus-forming organisms believed

to enter the blood through a wound in the

skin.

Treatment. As there are no external symptoms, treatment is not possible.

RHEUMATISM

Not a common trouble

Symptoms. Lameness and stiffness of joints.

Cause. May be due in some cases to too stimulating food and to dampness.

Treatment. Put affected bird in dry quarters and vary food, adding more greens. Rub joints with embrocation, or turpentine and oil.

ROUP (CONTAGIOUS CATARRH)

One of the most serious contagious diseases

Symptoms. The bird first has symptoms of an ordinary cold, such as running at the nostrils and sneezing. Definite evidence of roup is the offensive odor detected on opening the bird's mouth. The exudate is also offensive. The disease may attack the eyes,