like the voice of the morning, waking the people into the activities of life.

The people were willing to bestow all due honor upon the order for their services in the past history of the Commonwealth.

The following description of the ministers of Connecticut at that time, is from the pen of one of their number, Rev. Timothy Dwight, in his poem entitled "Greenfield Hill":

Ah! knew he but his happiness, of men

Not the least happy he, who, free from broils,
And base ambition, vain and bustling pomp,
Amid a friendly cure and competence,
Tastes the pure pleasures of parochial life.

Though oft compelled to meet the gross attack
Of shameless ridicule, and towering pride,
Sufficient good is his; good, real, pure,

With guilt unmingled. Rarely forced from home,
Around his board, his wife and children smile;
Communion sweetest, nature here can give,
Each fond endearment, office of delight,
With love and duty blending. Such the joy,
My bosom oft has known. His, too, the task,
To rear the infant plants, that bud around;
To ope their little minds to truth's pure light;
To take them by the hand, and lead them on,
In that straight, narrow road, where virtue walks;
To guard them from a vain, deceiving world;
And point their course to realms of promised life.

His, too, the esteem of those, who weekly hear
His words of truth divine; unnumbered acts
Of real love attesting, to his eye,
Their filial tenderness. Where'er he walks,
The friendly welcome and inviting smile
Wait on his steps, and breathe a kindred joy.

Oft, too, in friendliest association joined,
He greets his brethren, with a flowing heart,
Flowing with virtue; all rejoiced to meet
And all reluctant parting; every aim,
Benevolent, aiding with purpose kind;

While, seasoned with unblemished cheerfulness,
Far distant from the tainted mirth of vice,

Their hearts disclose each contemplation sweet
Of things divine; and blend in friendship pure,
Friendship sublimed by piety and love.

All Virtue's friends are his: the good, the just,
The pious, to his house their visits pay,

And converse high hold of the true, the fair,
The wonderful, the moral, the divine:

Of saints, and prophets, patterns bright of truth,
Lent to a world of sin, to teach mankind,

How virtue, in that world, can live, and shine;

Of Learning's varied realms; of Nature's work;

And that blessed Book, which gilds man's darksome way,
With light from heaven, of blest Messiah's throne
And kingdom, prophecies divine fulfilled,

And prophecies more glorious yet to come,
In renovated days; of that bright world,
And all the happy trains which that bright world
Inhabit, whither virtue's sons are gone:
While God the whole inspires, adorns, exalts,
The source, the end, the substance, and the soul.

This, too, the task, the blessed, the useful task,
To invigor order, justice, law, and rule;
Peace to extend, and bid contention cease;
To teach the words of life; to lead mankind
Back from the wild of guilt, and brink of woe,
To Virtue's house and family; faith, hope,
And joy to inspire; to warm the soul
With love to God, and man; to cheer the sad,
To fix the doubting, rouse the languid heart;
The wanderer to restore; to spread with down
The thorny bed of death; console the poor,
Departing mind, and aid its lingering wing.
To him, her choicest pages Truth expands,
Unceasing, where the soul-intrancing scenes,
Poetic fiction boasts, are real all;

Where beauty, novelty, and grandeur, wear
Superior charms, and moral worlds unfold
Sublimities, transporting and divine.

Not all the scenes Philosophy can boast,
Tho' them with nobler truths he ceaseless blends,
Compare with these. They, as they found the mind,
Still leave it; more informed, but not more wise.
These wiser, nobler, better, make the man.

Thus every happy mean of solid good
His life, his studies, and profession yield.
With motives hourly new, each rolling day,

Allures through Wisdom's path, and Truth's fair field,
His feet to yonder skies. Before him heaven
Shines bright, the scope sublime of all his prayers,
The meed of every sorrow, pain, and toil.

Then, O ye happy few! whom God allows
To stand His messengers, in this bad world,
And call mankind to virtue, weep no more,
Though pains and toils betide you; for what life,
On earth, from pains and toils was ever free?
When Wealth and Pride around you gayly spread
Their vain and transient splendor, envy not.
How oft (let Virtue weep !) is this their all?

For you, in sunny prospect, daily spring

Joys, which nor pride can taste, nor Wealth can boast;
That, planted here, beyond the wintery grave
Revive and grow with ever-vernal bloom.

Hail these, oh hail! and be 't enough for you,
To 'scape a world unclean; a life to lead
Of usefulness, and truth; a Prince to serve,
Who suffers no sincere and humble toil
To miss a rich reward; in Death's dark vale,
To meet unbosomed light; beyond the grave
To rise triumphant, freed from every stain,
And cloth'd with every beauty; in the sky
Stars to outshine; and, round th' eternal year,

With saints, with angels, and with Christ to reign.

Soon after the Declaration of Independence, the attention of the several states was turned to the plan brought forward in the Continental Congress, forming a federation or federal union between them.

But the states were divided in opinion concerning what powers should be granted to the new proposed government, and what should be withheld. For instance, Connecticut recommended the following amendment: "Provided that no land army shall be kept up by the United States in time of peace, nor any officers nor pensioners kept in pay by them, who are not in actual service, except such as are, or may be rendered unable to support themselves by wounds re

ceived in battle in the service of the said states, agreeably to the provisions already made by a resolution of Congress." It was not until March 1, 1781, that all the states consented to become parties to this contract, by which this first Federal Constitution was established. As early as the autumn of 1782 Connecticut began to feel the evils inflicted on her by Congress under this Federal Constitution.

In the controversy between Connecticut and Pennsylvania for the Susquehanna lands, Congress virtually decided in favor of the claims of Pennsylvania, by giving her jurisdiction over the disputed lands, much to the chagrin and loss of the people of Connecticut, some of whom believed that the mother country would have given a different decision. Many of the people of Connecticut felt disappointed and humiliated by the Federal Congress thus giving the jurisdiction to Pennsylvania, and exposing the people of Connecticut to be dispossessed of the lands which they held under the title of Connecticut. It should be remembered that representatives from these lands had been members of the Connecticut Legislature. A satisfactory account of the whole matter may be found in a pamphlet of 115 pages, written by Rev. Benjamin Trumbull, D. D.

In 1786 her sister states in Congress assembled showed the disposition to have a share in her grand patrimonial inheritance of Western lands. She therefore found it prudent to grant a large part of those lands to the United States, on the implied condition of her retaining the lands in Ohio, called the Western Reserve.

Not long after the treaty of peace between Great Britain and the United States, in 1783, certain evils consequent upon the war began to make their appearance. The people of the commonwealth began soberly to calculate what they had lost and what they had gained by the war. They had lost the friendship of the mother country; "the bulwark of the Protestant faith ;" and they had gained the favor of the hereditary enemy of that country, a nation of Roman Catholics and Infidels.

They had lost the advantages of the direct trade with Eng

land, for which, in some cases, they had received a bounty on their exports, and were placed on a level with other nations. They had also lost the West India trade, which the people of Connecticut felt deeply.

As they had in part lost their commerce, so they had lost the value of their agricultural products, by means of which they had carried on their commerce. The State was largely in debt, and destitute of means for paying it. They had gained the liberty which they sought, but, for a time, they found her not fruitful, but barren.

Some of the people of Connecticut, in their disappointment at the result of the Revolution, cast longing eyes to Canada, and were ready to move there, in order to enjoy the advantages which they had lost by the war.

There was a redundancy of labor, but little or no market for the productions of labor.

Emigrants from Connecticut went to Canada, or to Vermont, or to different localities in the States of New York and Ohio.

The first Federation, or Federal Union formed by the first Federal Constitution, proved to be unsatisfactory.

In May, 1787, delegates appointed by the several states met in Philadelphia, and framed a new Constitution, and all the several states became parties to the contract, thus abolishing the first Federation and forming a second or new Federation, or Federal Union.

Connecticut in the Convention at Philadelphia, found that the larger states formed the design of giving themselves the preeminence, and of degrading the smaller states. This degradation she escaped, only by the great exertions of her delegates, acting with other delegates from the smaller states.

When the frame of the Constitution prepared in Philadelphia was brought before a Convention in Hartford, appointed by the towns, January 4, 1788, Connecticut became a party to the contract by a vote of 128 in favor and 40 against.

In some part of the period between the treaty of peace in 1783 and the organization of the new government in 1789, when Washington was made President, and even afterwards, there was great disappointment as to the results of the war.