eyes, then barked "good bye," and followed his master.

Poor man, I thought, as I sauntered down the hills, I shall get more pleasure than he will from that three shillings; because, I know it is worth to him as much as three pounds would be to me. Yes, that was a good "bargain" when I made him my guide; for the three shillings have changed to just twenty times their value in going from my pocket to his. I'm very much pleased.

After breakfast, I looked for the shape and the boundaries of Cumberland on my map, and made these notes which I send you, and re

main,

Dear children,

Your ever loving friend, HENRY YOUNG.

NOTES.-CUMBERLAND. (1.) Cumberland has a long, irregular shape.

(2.) It is bounded on the north by SCOTLAND; on the east by NORTHUMBERLAND; on the west by the SOLWAY FIRTH; and on the south by WEST

MORELAND.

(3.) Between Cumberland and Northumberland are the Cheviot Hills. These hills are the beginning of a long line of mountains which run through England, and are called "The Northern Range." They are very "bleak" places, and are something like the county itself, which consists of bleak mountains, beautiful lakes, barren moors, and wild,

uncultivated wastes.

On this account, Cumberland has not many inhabitants. Indeed, it is the least populous county in England, in proportion to its size.

T'here are three mountains, named Saddleback, Skiddaw, and Sca-fell.

Elevensaid the clock in the Market place. "SHUT Books!" said the Schoolmaster.

Soon, the books were collectedthe boys made their bow to their teacher, and went out for their half-holiday.

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"Now, boys!" said EDWARD EVERSURE, who was the head scholar, we are to meet at three for Cricket. Every member of the club who may be late, to be fined one halfpenny.-Rule the third."

Every boy intended to enjoy himself that afternoon, for it was the 1st of May; and there was to be plenty of dancing and fun on the common. So at three o'clock manyofthem met for cricket, played till they were tired, and then sat down to rest.

"Do you know," said Eversure, "that the chimney-sweeps have made & Jack-in-the-Green this year? It is seven feet high, and there is a crown on the top, made of silver-paper."

"Yes," said James, who had just come in," I saw it as I came past the Workhouse, but it had a golden crown; at least, it was covered with gilt."

"I am sure it was not," said

Moral Lesson.

Eversure. "Don't you know gilt from silver? Why, I saw Hawkins, the chimney-sweep, buying the tinsel for it last week, when I went to get a peg-top: and the Jack-inthe-Green came past our house this morning."

"Well, Eversure, I saw the gilt crown on it; and there were four dancers."

"There, James! that shows that you must have made a mistake. There were six dancers, and a boy and a girl."

"But, Eversure, I counted the dancers, and saw the crown myself."

"Well, then, that shows that you did not count properly for how could there have been a gilt crown, and six dancers, when there was a silver crown and four dancers. You don't mean to say that I have made a mistake, do you?"

James. I don't say anything about that. I only say that I saw a golden crown, and four dancers; and that I am sure about.

Eversure. Then, of course, you mean to say that I am wrong! James. No; I am not speaking about you. I am only speaking about myself. I don't say whether you are right or wrong; I only tell you what I saw.

Eversure. Then, that shows that you know nothing at all about it. And, I'll prove it; for here they come! I can hear them, at the back of the Workhouse.

"I can hear them!" cried another boy. "I can hear a drum, and a mouth-organ; but the sound comes from the High Street. Now,

I think I can hear a sound coming both ways."

"No," said Eversure, "it can't be in that direction. Here they are! they are coming down the Workhouse Lane; look at the crowd. Now we can see them! one, two, three, four men. There must be some more-there were six !" "There are no more," said James, "only four; and, now I'll ask you all, if that crown is not of a gold colour?"

Eversure. Ah, but look this way! Here is another Jack-in-the-Green. It is coming up the High Street. Here they come! Six dancers, a boy and a girl, and a silver crown. You see I am not wrong, after all.

"Yes. If you had taken pains to count them, and had counted them slowly, you ought to have been sure about it. I should have thought you a foolish boy, if you had not been. There are many things in this world which people should always be sure of. Nearly all the truth you find out with your eyes and your other senses, you should be able to speak of without hesitation."

"Well, then, papa, I was sure that there were six dancers; and, it was the most natural thought I could have in my mind, that if I was right, he must be wrong."

999

"Both things were quite natural," said his papa, "but you ought not to have felt quite sure of both.

"The first thought that you were right, you ought to have declared most positively, because you saw the sweeps; but as to the second thought! you did not know what might have happened since you saw the sweeps in the morning, and ought to have said nothing about it.

"When James declared what he had seen, you ought to have said to yourself, his eyes seem to be as good as mine, and he can see very well, he is as likely to be right as I am. I will not that say he is wrong, but will keep that in till afterwards.'

Eversure. But still, I felt so sure that he was wrong.

P. Yes, you felt that; but you did not think enough. Many people are often so foolish as to say everything they feel as well as think; and then they have to learn this proverb:

"A fool uttereth all his mind; but a wise man keepeth it in till

afterwards."

HOW WE KNOW AN ANIMAL FROM A VEGETABLE

(Concluded).

Ion. We have noticed five differences between the Animals and Vegetables, mamma. But, now I have thought of a very great difference. All animals know things -vegetables don't know anything. Even if you could hurt a treegive it pain-it would not know it. If a tree could smell the flowers underneath it, or hear when the wind is coming, it would not know anything about it. I wonder which is my organ of knowing.

M. We will see, Ion. Suppose you had a pain in your toe! your toe wouldn't know it.

Ion. No. Not any of my toes know much, not even my great toe; then which part of my body would know about the pain?

M. Your body cannot know, Ion. It is only you who know, and, the organ you know with is called the Brain.

Ion. But, mamma, if the pain were in my toe, how could it be in my brain? How could it reach there, when my train is at the top, and my toe at the bottom of my body?

M. Do you not remember my telling you about your nerves? I told you that they conveyed pain, that some conveyed scents, others tastes, and so on.

W. I remember that, mamma. Let us have another proof of that fact. I will tread on Ion's toe.

Ion. Ah, mamma! I felt the pain directly Willie did it. How quickly the nerves carried it up to my brain!-in an instant.

M. Yes, Ion. You have heard of the Electric Telegraph,-and

side of the railroad. You know you have seen the wires by the that when a man makes a message in London, those wires will convey it 100 miles directly-with the quickness of lightning. Now, you have a telegraph in all parts of you body, but instead of wires, you have nerves.

Ion. Yes, mamma, and here is the central station. No! the terminus-and all "the lines” of my nerves end there!

M. And, so all the knowledge gained by your senses is conveyed there. Every smell your nose finds out, every sound your ears hear, every shape and colour and difference of size your eyes seeall find their way up there!

W. And, mamma, do all these things-smells, sounds, and tastes -travel along the nerves? Ah, no wonder that my brain knows everything that happens to me! It ought to be called the organ of knowing. I think that the baby will be a very knowing fellow, because he has such a large head.

M. Instead of calling your brain the organ of knowing, you may call it the organ of consciousness. But you must know that not all Animals have a brain - indeed, there are some in which men cannot find any nerves.

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Ion. Then we must only say many animals have." Now then --6th difference,—Many ANIMALS have an organ of consciousness (or knowing) called "the Brain."

VEGETABLES have not any power of knowing.

M. Now, I think we will write down all these six distinctions, again-and put them together in one lesson.

L. But, mamma, please stop! I have just thought of another dif