GENERAL 375 GENERATOR general rough-and-ready education of such tary force which consists of two or more grand divisions under separate commanders. If the same thing be peculiarly evil, that genera! [The term is not used in the British army.) aversion will be turned into a particular hatred Pompey had deserved the naine of Great; and against it. Spratt. Alexander with the same cognomination was gene. 6. All collectively; whole. ralissimo of Greece. Sir T. Browne. Our general forces at Bridgenorth shall ineet. Shak. Generality (jen-er-al'i-ti), n. (Fr. généralité; 7. Taken as a whole; regarded in the gross. It. generalità. See GENUS, GENDER.) 1. The Why, my lord of York commends the plot and the state of being general; the quality of includgeneral course of the action. Shak. ing species or particulars. —2. A statement -This word affixed to another word is com which is general or not specific; that which mon in names expressive of rank or office. See is vague by reason of applying to a whole such words as ADJUTANT-GENERAL, ATTOR class collectively, but not to the individuals NEY-GENERAL, &c. ----General agent, in law, composing the class taken severally: para person who is authorized by his principal ticularly, that which lacks specificalness or to execute all deeds, sign all contracts, or application to any one case; thus, “a virtupurchase all goods required in a particular ous woman is a crown to her husband' is a trade, business, or employment.-General general statement or a generality, while "the Earl of Nithsdale's wife was his best dealer, a tradesman who deals in all the articles of daily use. - General demurrer. friend in the day of trouble' is a specific statement or a particular. See DEMURRER. --General issue. See ISSUE. --General charge, in Scots law, a charge the Let us descend from generalities to particulars. Landor. use of which is to cause the heir either to 3. The main body; the bulk; the greatest represent his ancestor or to renounce the succession.-General special charge, a writ part; as, the nerality of a nation or of mankind. passing the signet, the object of which is to That Generalizable (jen'er-al-iz-a-bl), a. supply the place of a general service, and to vest by a fiction of law those subjects which may be generalized, or brought under a would have required a general service to general rule, or referred to a particular class or genus. have vested them in the heir. -General lien, a right to detain a chattel, &c., until pay Extreme cases are, ipso nomine, not generalisable. Coleridge. ment be made, not only for the particular Generalization(jen'ér-al-iz-"shon) n. 1. The article, but of any balance that may be act or process of extending from particulars due on a general account in the same line to generals; the act of making general, or of business. General officer, an officer of comprehending under a common name who commands an army, a division, or a several objects agreeing in some point, brigade. -- General Post-office. See POST which we abstract from each of them, and OFFICE. --General service, in Scots law, a which that common name serves to indicate. form of service carrying such heritable rights Generalisation is only the apprehension of the one belonging to the ancestor as do not require in the many Sir W. Hamilton. sasine, or such as were personally vested in him, no sasine having been taken on them 2. A general inference, by the ancestor; and it carries all that by In our inquiries into the nature of the inductive process, we must not confine our notice to such gen. law goes to the heir-at-law. See SERVICE. – eralizations from experience as profess to be univers. General ship, a ship which has been adver- ally true. F. S. Mill. tised by the owners to take goods from a Generalize (jen'ėr-al-iz), v.t. pret. & pp. particular port at a particular time, and generalized; ppr. generalizing. 1. To reduce which is not under any special contract to to a genus; to arrange in a genus; to bring, particular merchants. -General warrant, a as a particular fact or series of facts, into warrant directed against no particular indi- relation with a wider circle of facts. vidual but suspected persons generally. Copernicus generalized the celestial motions, by Nor is the case at all parallel to that of general merely referring them to the moon's motion. Newwarrants, or any similar irregularity into which an ton generalized them still more, by referring this last honest government may inadvertently be led. to the motion of a stone through the air. Nicholson. Haliam, The existence of a man with such mighty powers -Common, General, Universal. See under of discovery and demonstration as Newton, and the COMMON recognition of his doctrines among his contempora. General (jen'ér-al), adv. Generally. 'Should ries, depend upon causes which do not admit of Sir G. C. Lervis. consideration of many particulars. chief part; that which is general: opposed A mere conclusion generalized from a great multi. tude of facts. to particular; but not used in the singular, Coleridge. unless preceded by the definite article, or Generalize (jen'ér-al-iz), v.i. To form objects in the phrase in general (see below). into classes; to employ one's self in generalIn particulars our knowledge begins, and so ization. spreads itself by degrees to generals. Locke. The reviewer holds that we pass from special ex. A history painter paints man in general. Reynolds. periences to universal truths in virtue of the induc. tive propensity-the irresistible impulse of the mind 2. One of the chief military officers of a to generalise ad infinitum.' Whewell. country or government; the commander of Generally (jen'ér-al-li), adv. 1. In general; an army or of a division or brigade; a commonly; extensively, though not universgeneral-in-chief, lieutenant-general, major ally; most frequently, but not without exgeneral, or brigadier-general; a general ceptions; as, a hot summer generally follows officer. --3 particular beat of drum or a cold winter; men are generally more dismarch, being that which, in the morning, posed to censure than to praise. -2. In the gives notice for the infantry to be in readi main; without detail; in the whole taken ness to march.-4. Eccles. the chief of an together. order of monks, or of all the houses or con Generally speaking, they live very quietly. gregations established under the same rule. Addison. 5. The public; the community; the vulgar. 3. All taken together; collectively; in a The general was formerly a common expression body. for what we now call the community or the people. And so all of them generallie have power towards The general subject to a well-wished king, some good by the direction of reason. Sir P. Sydney, Quit their own part! Shak.' Therefore I counsel that all Israel be generally “The play, I remember, pleased not the million; 'twas caviare to the general. Shak.' Craik. gathered unto thee, from Dan even to Beersheba, as the sand that is by the sea for multitude, -In general, in the main; for the most 2 Sam. xvii. 11, part; not always or universally. SYN. Usually, ordinarily, commonly, mainI have shown that he excels, in general, under each ly, principally, chiefly. of these heads. Addison. Generalness (jen'er-al-nes), n. Wide exGeneral Assembly, n. The supreme court tent, though short of universality; frequency; of the Established Church and Free Church commonness. of Scotland. See ASSEMBLY. They had, with a general consent, rather springing Generale (jen-er-a'lē), n. pl. Generalia by the generalness of the cause than of any artificial practice, set themselves in arms. Sir P. Sidney. (jen-er-a'li-a). [L. Neuter of adjective generalis, general.) That which is general. General-officer (jen'er-al-of-fis-ér), n. Milit. Hence--1. The usual commons in a religious the commander of an army, a division, or a house. —2. pl. Generalities. brigade. There is need of a set of intermediate scientific Generalship (jen'ėr-al-shin), n. 1. The truths. derived from the higher generalities of science, office of a general; hence, the person holdand destined to serve as the generalia or first prin. ing the rank or position of a general. ciples of the various arts. 7. S. Mil. Your generalship puts me in mind of Prince Eugene. Generalissimo (jen'er-al-is"si-mo), n. (It.) Goldsmith. The chief commander of an army or mili- 2. The skill and conduct of a general officer; military skill in a commander, exhibited in the judicious arrangements of troops, or the operations of war. He acknowledged . . . that his success was to be attributed, not at all to his own generalship, but solely to the valour and steadiness of his troops. Macaulay. Hence—3. Management or judicious tactics generally. This was looked on in no other light, but as an artful stroke of generalship in Trim to raise a dust. Sterne. 4. The discharge of the functions of a gene. ral; as, the affair was executed under his generalship. General-staff (jen'er-al-staf), n. Milit. the staff of an army. Generalty (jen'er-al-ti), n. The whole; the totality. Hale. (Rare.] Generant (jen'ér-ant), n. (L. generans, generantis, ppr. of genero, to beget. See GENUS.) That which generates. The generant is supposed to be the sun.' Ray. Some believe the soul made by God, somne by angels, and some by the generant, Glanville. Specifically, in math.that which by its motion generates or is conceived as generating a line, figure, or solid body; as, an isosceles triangle revolving on the perpendicular let fall from its apex to the base is the generant of a right cone. Generant (jen'ér-ant), a. Generative; begetting; producing; specifically, in math. acting as a generant (see the noun). Generate (jen'er-āt), v.t. pret. & pp. generated; ppr. generating. [L. genero, generatum, to beget. See GENUS.] 1. To beget; to procreate; to propagate; to produce a being similar to the parent.-2. To produce; to cause to be; to bring into life; as, great whales which the waters generated.--3. To cause; to produce; to form. Sounds are generated where there is no air at all. Bacon Whatever generates a quantity of good chyle, must likewise generate milk. Arbuthnot. --Generating function, a term applied by Laplace, in solving equations of differences, &c., to denote any function of x, considered with reference to the coefficients of its expansion in powers of x.-Generating line or figure, in math. is that line or figure by the motion of which another figure or solid is supposed to be described or generated. Generation (jen-er-a'shon), n. 1. The act of begetting; procreation, as of animals. 2. Production; formation; as, the generation of sounds. 3. In math, the formation or description of a line,geometrical figure,or magnitude of three dimensions, by the motion of a point, line, or figure in accordance with a mathematical law.-4. A single succession in natural descent, as the children of the same parents; hence, an age or period of time between one succession and the next. Thus we say, the third, the fourth, or the tenth generation, Gen. xv. 16. A link among the days, to knit The generations each with each. Tennyson. 5. The people of the same period or living at the same time. O faithless and perverse generation, Like ix. 41. 6. A family; a race. We plant a solid foot into the Time, Tennyson. 7. Progeny; offspring. The barb'rous Scythian, Or he that makes his generation messes To gorge his appetite, shall to my bosom Be as well neighbour'd. Shak. ---Equivocal or spontaneous generation, in biology, the production of aninials and plants without previously existing parents,a notion entertained among ancient naturalists, and under the title of abiogenesis now held by some extreme evolutionists. See A BIOGENESIS. - Alternate generation. See under ALTERNATE. Generative (jen' er-at-iv), a. Having the power of generating, propagating, or producing; belonging to generation or the act of procreating. In grains and kernels the greatest part is the nutri. ment of the generative particle. Sir T. Broune, If there hath been such a gradual diminution of the generatite faculty upon the earth, why was there not the like decay in the production of vegetables ? Bentley Generator (jen'ér-át-ér), n. 1. He who or that which begets, causes, or produces. -2. In music, the principal sound or sounds by which others are produced, as the lowest C for the treble of the harpsichord, which, besides its octave, will strike an attentive GENERATRIX 376 GENISTA ear with its twelfth above, or G in alt., and 2. An explanation of the origin of anything. tion. These watches are for the most part with its fifteenth above, or C in alt.-3. A 3. The first book of the Old Testament, con- of inferior workmanship and finish to homevessel or chamber in which something is taining the history of the creation of the made watches, and consequently considergenerated; as, the generator of a steam- world and of the human race. In the original ably lower in price. engine, or in gas-making apparatus. Hebrew this book has no title; the present Genevese (je-ne-vēz'), n. sing. and pl. A naGeneratrix (jen'èr-ā-triks), n. In math. title was prefixed to it by those who trans- tive or natives of Geneva. that which generates; specifically, the point, lated it into Greek. --4. In geom. same as Genevese (je-ne-vēz'), a. Relating to Geneva. line, or figure which by its motion generates Generation, 3. Genial (je'ni-al), a. (L. genialis, from genius, a line, surface, or solid. Genet (jen'et), n. [Fr. genette, Sp. ginete, a the spirit or nature of a man.) 1. ContribuGeneric, Generical (je-ne'rik, jé-ne'rik-al), light-horseman, in 0.Sp. a horse, named ting to propagation or production; that a. [Fr.' générique, from L. genus, generis, from the Berber tribe of Zeneta, who sup- causes to produce. kind. See GENDER, GENUS.] I. Pertaining to plied the Moorish sultans of Grenada with Creator, Venus, genial power of love. Dryden. a genus or kind; comprehending the genus, a body of horse on which they placed great 2. + Presiding over marriage; promoting or as distinct from the species, or from another reliance.' Wedgwood.) A small-sized, wellgenus. A generic description is a descrip- proportioned Spanish horse. assisting at marriage. Written also tion of a genus; a generic difference is a Jennet. What day the genial angel to our sire Brought her in naked beauty. Ailton. difference in genus; a generic name is the Genet, Genette (jē-net), n. (L.L. geneta, denomination which comprehends all the Sp: gineta, from Ar. djerneit.] 1. The 3. Characterized by kindly warmth of disspecies, as of animals, plants, or fossils, Viverra genetta, a carnivorous animal be position and manners such as promotes which have certain essential and peculiar longing to the family Viverridæ (civets and cheerfulness on the part of others; cordial; characters in common: thus Canis is the genets). The genet is a native of the western kindly; sympathetically cheerful; as, a fine generic name of animals of the dog kind; parts of Asia, and is about the size of a very genial nature. * The celebrated drinking Felis, of the cat kind; Cervus, of the deer Wartonsmall cat, but of a longer form, with a ode of this genial archdeacon.' kind. sharp-pointed snout, upright ears, and a 4. Enlivening; warming; comforting; conThese men-whom modern writers set down as the very long tail. It has a very beautiful soft tributing to life and cheerfulness; supportSophists, and denounce as the moral pestilence of fur, and, like the civet, produces an agree ing life. The grand genial power of the their age-were not distinguished in any marked or generic way from their predecessors, system, that visible god the sun.' WarburGrote. able perfume. It is of a mild disposition, ton.-5. Native; natural; innate. Natural 2. Very comprehensive; referring to large which is made into muffs and tippets; hence, incapacity and genial indisposition.' Sir T. classes or their characteristics; general; cat skins made up in imitation of this fur Broune. (Rare. 1-6. Relating to or exhibitthus, animal, city, are generic nouns. and used for the same purpose. ing genius. (Rare.) Generically (je-ne'rik-al-li), adv. With re Men of genius have often attached the highest hard to genus; as, an animal generically Genethliac (je-nethi'li-ak), n. 1. A birthday Hare. value to their less genial works. distinct from another, or two animals gene poem.-2. One who is versed in genethliacs. rically allied Genethliacal, Genethliac (je-neth-li'a-kal, Genial, Genian (je-ni'al, je-ni'an), a. (Gr. Genericalness (jē-ne'rik-al-nes), n. The je-neth'li-ak), a. (Gr. genethliakos, from geneion, the chin.] Pertaining to the chin; genethlē, birth.] Pertaining to nativities as, the genial or genian processes. state or quality of being generical. as calculated by astrologers; showing the Geniality (je-ni-al'i-ti), n. The state or Generification (je-ne'ri-fi-kā"shon), n. [L. positions of the stars at the birth of any genus, generis, kind, and facio, to make.] quality of being genial; sympathetic cheerThe act of generalizing. person. [Rare.) fulness or cordiality. Out of this the universal is elaborated by generifi. The night immediately before he was slighting the The arch of the prominent eyebrows, the well art of those foolish astrologers and genethliacal cation. Sir II'. Hamilton. shaped Grecian nose, the smiles lurking in the corners ephemerists, that use to pry into the horoscope of of the tight pressed lips, show an innate geniality Generosity (jen-er-og'i-ti), n. [Fr. générosité, nativities. Howell. which might be dashed with bitter on occasion. L. generositas, from generosus, of good or Genethliacs (je-neth'li-aks), n. The science Edin. Rev. noble birth, noble-minded, from genus, race, of calculating nativities, or predicting the Genially (jē'ni-al-li), adv. In a genial mankind, high birth, blood, family.) 1. The future events of life from the stars which ner; specifically, (a) † by genius or nature; quality of being generous; nobleness of soul; preside at the birth of persons. Butler. naturally magnanimity; liberality of sentiment; more (Rare.) Some men are genially disposed to some opinions, specifically, a disposition to give liberally or Genethlialogy (je-nethli-al"o-ji), n. (Gr. and naturally as averse to others. Glanville. to bestow favours; a quality of the heart or genethlialogia, from genethlē, birth, and (6) In a manner such as to comfort or enmind opposed to meanness or parsimony. logos, a discourse.) A species of divination liven; cheerfully; kindlily. Generosity is in nothing more seen than in a candid by astrological observation, as to the future estimation of other men's virtues and good qualities. The splendid sun genially warmeth the fertile earth. destinies of one newly born. Harris. Barrotu. The true heroic type of a Celtic warrior adds to It seems by Strabo that one of the sects of the Genialness (jē'ni-al-nes), n. The state or his courage and sell sacrifice a generosity and a Chaldeans did so hold to astronomy still, that they quality of being genial. gentleness which make him one of the most finely. wholly rejected genethlialogy. Stilling fleet. Geniculate (jē-nik’ú-lāt), v.t. To form joints tempered specimens of humanity. Prof. Blackie. Genethliatic (je-neth'li-at"ik), n. One who or knots. 2. Liberality in act; munificence; as, the calculates nativities. Drummond. [Rare.] Geniculated, Geniculate (je-nik'ü-lāt-ed, object of one's generosity. Genetic, Genetical (jen-etik, jen-et'ik-al), jē-nik'ü-lät), a. (L. geniculatus, from genicuGenerous (jen'èr-us), a. [L. generosus, Fr. a. [Gr. genesis, generation, from gennao, to lum, a knot or joint, from the root of genu, généreux, from genus, birth, extraction, beget.] Relating to generation; pertaining the knee. See KNEE.) Kneed; knee-jointed; family. See GENUS.) 1. Primarily, being of to the origin of a thing or its mode of pro- in bot. having joints like the knee a little honourable birth or origin; hence, noble; duction; as, genetic development. bent; as, a geniculate stem or peduncle. honourable; magnanimous: applied to per Man considers as accidental whatever he is unable Geniculation (jē-nik'ú-lā''shon), n. 1. Knotsons; as, a generous foe; a generous critic. to explain in the planetary formation on purely gen- tiness; the state of having knots or joints Twice have the trumpets sounded; etic principles. Cosmos. like a knee.-2. The act of kneeling. In order to apply mineralogy to geological research There are five points in question: the solemn feswe must study the genetic relations of minerals-that tivities; the private use of either sacramenti genicu. I know the Table Round, my friends of old; is to say, we must endeavour to discover their modes lation at the eucharist, &c. Bp. Hall. All brave, and many generous, and some chaste. of production, and the circumstances which were Tennyson, necessary or conducive to their appearance in the Geniculum (je-nik'ü-lum), n. [L.) In bot. 2. Noble; honourable: applied to things; as, positions and in the combinations in which we now a knot or joint in the stalk of a plant. find them. a generous virtue; generous boldness. Jukes and Geikie. Geniet (jē'ni). (Fr.) Disposition; inclina3. Liberal; bountiful; munificent; free to Genetic (jen-et'ik), n. [Gr. genesis, genera- tion; turn of mind; genius. . 'An esurient give; as, a generous friend; a generous father, tion.] In med. a medicine which acts on genie in antiquities.' Life of A. Wood. * Noble by heritage, generous, and free.' the sexual organs. Genie (jē'nē), n. pl. Genii (jè' nē-1). [A form Carey.-4. Strong; full of spirit; as, generous Genetically (jen-et'ik-al-li), adv. In a due to the attraction of the word genius.) wine.-5. Full; overflowing; abundant; as, genetic manner; by means of genetics. Same as Jinnee. a generous cup; a generous table.-6. Pog- Genette (je-net), n. See GENET. Geniot (jē'ni-o), n. (It., from L. genius, the sessed of or showing blood or breeding; Geneva (je-ne’va), n. [Fr. genü vre, It. gine- spirit or nature of a man.) A man of a parspirited; courageous; as, a generous steed. pro, L. juniperus, juniper.) A spirit dis- ticular turn of mind. Tatler. Actæon spies tilled from grain or malt, with the addition Genioglossus (je-ni'ö-glos-sus), n. [Gr. His op'ning hounds, and now he hears their cries: of juniper-berries. But instead of these geneion, chin, and glossa, tongue.] In anat. A geni'rous pack. Addison. berries the spirit is sometimes flavoured a muscle situated between the tongue and Generously (jen'er-us-li), adv. In a generous with the oil of turpentine. The word is now the lower jaw. manner; honourably; not meanly; nobly; usually in the form gin. Geniohyoideus (jē-ni'o-hi-oi" de-us), n. (Gr. magnanimously; liberally; munificently, Geneva Bible, n. A copy of the Bible in geneion, chin, and hyoeidēs, the hyoid bone. ] Generousness (jen'er-us-nes), n. The quality English, printed at Geneva; first in 1560. A muscle attached to the mental process of of being generous; magnanimity; nobleness This copy was in common use in England the lower jaw, and to the hyoid bone, and of mind; liberality; munificence; generosity. till the version made by order of King James serving to pull the throat upwards. Genesial (je-ne'si-al), a. (Gr. genesis, origin, was introduced, and it was laid aside by the Genioplasty (je-ni'o-plas-ti), n. (Gr. geneion, generation. See GENESIS.] Of or belonging Calvinists with reluctance. the chin, and plasso, to form.) In surg. the to generation. Genevan (jē-nē'van), a. Pertaining to Ge. operation of restoring the chin. Genesiology (jen-e'si-ol"o-ji), n. [Gr. gene neva. Genipap (jen'i-pap), n. [ Genipapo, the sis, origin, generation, and logos, discourse.) Genevan (jē-nē'van), n. 1. An inhabitant of Guiana name.] The fruit of a South AmerThe science or doctrines of generation. Geneva; a Genevese.--2. An adherent of ican and West Indian tree, the Genipa amerGenesis (jen'e-sis), n. (Gr. genesis, from Genevan or Calvinistic theology; a Calvinist. icana, nat. order Rubiaceæ; it is about the gennao, to beget. See GENDER, GENUS.] See CALVINISM. size of an orange, and of a pleasant vinous 1. The act of producing or giving origin to; Genevanism (jē-nē' van - izm), n. (From flavour. In Surinam it is often called Margeneration; origination. Geneva, where Calvin resided.] Calvinism. malade Box. The origin and genesis of poor Stirling's club. Geneva-watch (jē-né'va-wach), n. A watch Genista (je-nis'ta), n. A large genus of Carlyle. made at Geneva or of Swiss manufacture, shrubby leguminous plants, comprising Those to whom the natural genesis of simpler phe generally of less size than the English watch, about 100 species, natives chiefly of the noment has been inade manifest, still believe in the supernatural genesis of phenomena which cannot and having neither fuse nor chain; hence, a Mediterranean region, Western Asia, and have their causes readily traced. H. Spencer watch resembling this in form or construc- the Canary Islands. G. tinctoria (the dyer's GENITAL 377 GENTIAN green-weed) is frequent in England and the every man, and which qualifies him for a par- Genre (zhän-r),n. (Fr., from L.genus, generis, Lowlands of Scotland; it was formerly em- ticular employment; a particular natural kind.] In painting, a term originally ap talent or aptitude of mind which fits a man plied to any kind of painting accompanied allied to genus, gigno, and the Gr. genos, mon name and certain religious rites; as, the The true genixs is a mind of large general powers, Fabian gens, all bearing the name Fabius; accidentally determined to some particular direction. the Julian gens, all named Julius; the CorDyer's Green-weed (Genista tinctoria). Fohnson, nelian gens, the Valerian gens, &c. Hence—4. A man endowed with uncommon Gentt (jent), a. Elegant; pretty; gentle. ployed to dye yarn of a yellow colour, but vigour of mind; a man of superior intellec- Well, worthy impe! said then the lady gent, has long been superseded by other dyes. tual faculties ; as, Shakspere was a rare And pupil fit for such a tutor's hand. Spenser. Genital (jen'it-al), a. (L. genitalis, from the genius. - 5. The distinguishing character, Gent (jent). An abbreviation for Gentleman. root of gigno, to beget.] Pertaining to gen- bent, or tendency, as of a nation, a religion, And behold at this moment the reverend gent eneration or the act of begetting. a political constitution, or the like; peculiar ters from the vestry. Thackeray. Genitals (jen'it-alz), n. pl. The parts of an character; peculiar constitution; pervading animal which are the immediate instruments spirit or influence from associations or other Genteel (jen-tēl'), a. (Fr. gentil; L. gentilis , of generation; the privates; the sexual or- wise; as, the genius of the times; the genius from gens, gentis, race, stock, family, and gans. of a language; the genius of Christianity or with the sense of noble or at least respectGeniting (jen'it-ing), n. A species of apple of the Semitic races. able birth, as we use birth and family. See GENUS.] 1. Polite; well bred; easy and that ripens very early. Written also Jen- Years ago, when I was in Palestine, I met a Ger. neting, Juneating, &c. man student who was accumulating materials for the graceful in manners or behaviour; having Genitival (jen'it-iv-al), a. Relating to the history of Christianity and studying the genius of the manners of well-bred people; free from the place. Disraeli, vulgarity; refined; as, genteel company; genitive. The genitival ending.' È. Guest. Genitive (jen'it-iv), a. (L. genitivus, from 'Genius, Wisdom, Abilities, Talents, Parts, genteel guests; genteel manners or behavgigno, genitum, to beget. The L. casus Ingenuity, Capacity,' Cleverness. "Genius iour; a genteel address. — 2. Graceful in mien genitivus, genitive case, was a mistransla- is the power of new combination, and may or form; elegant in appearance, dress, or manner. tion of the Gr. genikë ptosis, general case. be shown in a campaign, a plan of policy, Genteel in personage, See extract under next article.] In gram. a steam-engine, a system of philosophy, Conduct and equipage; pertaining to or indicating origin, source, or an epic poem. It seems to require Noble by heritage, possession, and the like; a term applied to seriousness and some dignity in the pur Generous and free. Carey. a case in the declension of nouns, adjectives, pose. In weaving together the parts 3. Free from anything low or vulgar; dealing pronouns, &c., in English called the pos- of an argument, or the incidents of a tale, with the habits or manners of well-bred sessive case, or to the relation expressed it receives the inferior name of ingen- society; not partaking of farce or buffoonby such a case; as, patris, 'of a father, a uity. Wisdom is the habitual employment ery; as, genteel comedy.-4. Sufficient to father's,' is the genitive case of the Latin of a patient and comprehensive under- maintain a person in a comfortable position noun pater, a father. standing in combining various and remote in life; furnishing a competence; as, a genteel Genitívę (jen'it-iv), n. In gram. a case in means to promote the happiness of man- allowance. the declension of nouns, adjectives, prokind.. Abilities may be exerted in con Whoever supposes that Lady Austen's fortune is nouns, participles, &c., expressing in the duct or in the arts and sciences, but rather precarious is mistaken. I can assure you . . . that widest sense the genus or kind to which in the former.... Talents are the power of it is both genteel and perfectly safe. Cowper. something belongs, or more specifically executing well a conception, either original Syn. Polite, well-bred, well-mannered, wellsource, origin, possession, and the like; in or adopted. ... Parts have lost a consider behaved, refined, polished, elegant, manEnglish grammar, the possessive case. See able portion of their dignity. They were nerly. extract. used in the last century perhaps almost in Genteelish (jen-tēl'ish), a. Somewhat genThe Latin genitivus is a mere blunder, for the the sense in which we now rather employ teel. (Rare.) Greek word genike could never mean genitivus. talents. . . . Capacity is a power of acquir. Genteelly (jen-tēl'li), adv. In a genteel Geniki in Greek had a much wider, a much ing. It is most remarkable in the different more philosophical meaning. It meant casus gener manner; politely; gracefully; elegantly; in degrees of facility with which different men alis, the general case, or rather the case which ex. the manner of well-bred people. presses the genus or kind. This is the real power of acquire a language. Sir J. Mackintosh. Genteelness (jen-tēl' nes), n. 1. The state the genitive. If I say, 'a bird of the water, of the To the above it may be added that properly or quality of being genteel; gracefulness of water' defines the genus to which a certain bird be. capacity is passive power, or the power of manners or person; elegance; politeness.longs; it refers to the genus of water birds. 'Man of receiving, while ability is active power, or the mountains' means a mountaineer. In phrases 2. Qualities befitting a person of rank. such as 'son of the father' or 'father of the son,' the the power of doing. Cleverness designates Genterie,t n. Gentility. Chaucer. genitives have the same effect. They predicate mental dexterity and quickness, and is evid. Gentese (jen'tēz), n. See GENLESE. something of the son or of the father, and if we dis- enced by facility in acquiring a new subject, Gentian (jen'shi-an), n. [L. gentiana-said tinguished between the sons of the father and the or by happy smartness in expressing one's sons of the mother, the genitives would mark the to be named after Gentius, king of Illyria, class or genus to which the sons respectively be. conceptions. who first experilonged. Max Müller. enced the virtue Genitor (jen'it-ér), n. 1. One who procreates; siding divinity of a place; and hence, the of gentian.] The a sire; a father. pervading spirit of a place or institution, as name given to the of a college, &c. members of the High genitors, unconscious did they cull Time's sweet first fruit. Keats. genus Gentiana, a 2. pl. The genitals. borate carving in open work; the cusps or large genus of bit ter Genitoriest (jen'it-o-riz), n. pl. Genitals. foliations of an arch. Often written Gentese. herbaceous A term of doubtful meaning applied by William of plants, having opThey cut off his genitories, and sent them for a Worcester apparently to the cusps or featherings in present to the Duke of Main. Howell. posite, often strongGeniture (jen'i-tūr), n. ly ribbed, leaves, Generation; pro- Genoese (jen’ő-ēz), a. Relating to Genoa. and blue, yellow, creation; birth. Genius (jē'ni-us), n. or red, often showy [L., a good or evil Genoese (jen’ő-ez), n. An inhabitant or the spirit or demon supposed to preside over a people of Genoa in Italy. flowers. The calyx [Fr., from consists of four or man's destiny in life, that is, to direct his Genouillière (zhnöl-yår), n. actions, and be his guard and guide: rarely L. genu, the knee.] 1. A steel covering for five valvate seg. used as equivalent to talents-from the root the knees, which, with the elbow-caps, may ments, and the cobe considered as the commencement of the rolla is four-or fiveof gigno, Gr. gennað, to beget. See GENUS.) Gentian Plant (Gentiana 1. A tutelary deity; the ruling and protectcoverings of plate with which knights lutea). parted; the fruit is ing power of men, places, or things; a good ultimately encased a two-valved, one themselves. Gen- celled, many-seeded capsule. They are for or evil spirit supposed to be attached to a ouillières first ap- the most part natives of hilly or mountainous person and influence his actions. [In this sense the plural is genii.] pear in the thir- districts in the northern hemisphere. The teenth century. most important species is Gentiana lutea, a The murkiest den, 2. In fort. (a) the native of Switzerland and the mountainous The most opportune place, the strong'st suggestion Our worser genius can, shall never melt part of the interior parts of Germany. The root, the only mediMine honour into lust. Shak. slope of the parapet cinal part of the plant, has a yellowish Still had she gazed; but midst the tide below the sill of an brown colour and a very bitter taste, and is Two angel forms were seen to glide, embrasure. It cov- in frequent use as a tonic. Many of the The genui of the stream. Gray. Genouillières. ers the lower part blue-flowered species, as G. acaulis, G. niv2. The peculiar structure of mind which is of the gun-carriage. alis, and G. verna, are among the most congiven by nature to an individual, or that dis- (6) The height of the parapet above the spicuous and ornamental of European alpine position or bent of mind which is peculiar to banquette in a barbette battery. plants. Five species are British. GENTIANACEA 378 GENUINE Gentianaceæ (jen’shi-an-ă"sē-ė), n. pl. An born; of a good family or respectable birth, Gentlemanlike (jen'tl-man-lik). Same as order of monopetalous exogens, consisting though not noble; as, the studies of noble Gentlemanly. for the most part of annual or perennial and gentle youth; gentle blood.-2. Soft and Gentlemanliness (jen'tl - man - li-nes), n. herbaceous plants, with opposite often con- refined in manners; mild; meek; not rough, The state or quality of being gentlemanly; nate entire leaves, and yellow, red, blue, or harsh, or severe; as, a gentle nature, temper, behaviour of a well-bred man. white flowers, which are borne in dichoto- or disposition: a gentle manner; a gentle Gentlemanly (jen'tl-man-li), a. 1. Pertainmous or trichotomous cymes or in globose address; a gentle voice. ing to or becoming a gentleman, or a man of terminal heads. All are characterized by We were gentle among you, even as a nurse. good family and breeding; polite; complaistheir bitter principle, which in some in i Thes. xi. 7. ant; as, gentlemanly manners. -2. Like a stances is employed in medicine. (See GEN- 3. Tame; peaceable; not wild, turbulent, or man of birth and good breeding; as, a gentleTIAN.) The order contains about 520 spe- refractory; as, a gentle horse or beast. -- manly officer. cies, which are widely dispersed throughout 4. Soothing; pacific. Gentleman - pensioner (jen'tl-man-penthe world, occurring most plentifully in O sleep, it is a gentle thing, shon-ér), n. One of a band of forty gentlemen, temperate mountainous regions. Some very Beloved from pole to pole. Coleridge. entitled esquires, whose office it is to attend handsome species are tropical, while a few 5. Treating with mildness; not violent. the sovereign's person to and from the chapel occur in Arctic latitudes. A gentle hand may lead the elephant with a hair. royal, and on other occasions of solemnity. Gentian-bitter (jen'shi-an-bit-tér), n. The Persian Rosary. They are now called Gentlemen-at-arme. active tonic principle of gentian separated Syn. Mild, meek, placid, dove-like, quiet, Gentlemanship (jen’tl-man-ship), n. Quafrom the aqueous infusion of the root by peaceful, pacific, bland, soft, tame, tract- lity of a gentleman. animal charcoal, and extracted therefrom able, docile. by hot alcohol. It is yellow, unerystalliz. Gentle (jen’ti), n. 1. A person of good birth; Gentleman-usher (jen’tl-man-ush-ér), n. His fine gentlemanship did him no good. Lord Halifax. able, aromatic, is much used in medicine, a gentleman. (Poetical or obsolete.) and has been used instead of hops in beer. Gentles do not repreliend; One who holds a post at court, to usher Gentianella (jen'shi-an-el'la), n. 1. A name If you pardon we will mend. Shak. others to the presence, &c. See L'SHER. often applied to Gentiana acaulis. — 2. A Come in your war array, Gentleness (jen'tl-nes), n. (See GENTLE] kind of blue colour. Gentles and coinmons. Sir Il'. Scott. The state or quality of being gentle, beneGentianin (jen'shi-an-in), n. In chem. the 2. A trained hawk. See GENTIL. volent, mild, docile, and the like; gentility; bitter principle of gentian. Called also Gentle (jen't?), n. mildness of temper: sweetness of disposi A maggot or larva of the Gentianic Acid, Gentisic Acid, and Genflesh-fly, used in fishing. tion; meekness; kindness; benevolence. tisin, Gentle+ (jen't?), v.t. To make genteel; to I must confess, Gentian-spirit (jen’shi-an-spi-rit), n. An raise from the vulgar. I thought you lord of more true gentleness. Shak. alcoholic liquor produced by the vínous fer The fruit of the Spirit is love, joy, peace, long Be he ne'er so vile, mentation of the infusion of gentian. It is suffering, gentleness, goodness, faith. Gal. v. 22. This day shall gentle his condition. Shak. much drunk by the Swiss. The gentleness of all the gods go with thee. Shak. Gentil, Gentle jen’til , jen't?), n. A species Gentlefolk (jen't-fők); n. (Gentle and folk) Gentleship+ (jen’tl-ship), n. The condition, Persons of good breeding and family. [It is of trained falcon or hawk. qualities, or deportment of a gentleman. Gentil, t a. Well-born; of a noble family. now used generally in the plural, gentie- Some in France which will needs he gentlemen. Chaucer. have more gentleship in their hat than in their head. The queen's kindred are made gentiefolks. Shak. Ascham. Gentile (jen’til), n. (L. gentilis, from L. gens, gentis, nation, race.] In Scrip. any one be- Gentle-hearted (jen'ti-härt-ed), a. Having Gentlesset (jen'tl-es), n. Gentleness; gentle longing to the (non-Jewish) nati a wor- a soft or tender heart; of mild disposition; behaviour; the conduct of a gentleman. shipper of false gods; any person not a Jew kind. Shak. Spenser. or a Christian; a heathen. The Hebrews in The gentle hearted wife Gentlewoman (jen'tl-wum-an), n. [Gentle cluded in the term goim, or nations, all the Sat shuddering at the ruin of a world. Tennyson. and woman.) 1. A woman of good family tribes of men who had not received the true Gentleman (jen’tl-man), n. [Gentle, that is, or of good breeding; a woman above the faith, and were not circumcised. The well-born, and man; comp. Fr. gentilhomme. vulgar. --2. A woman who waits about the Christians translated goim by the L. gentes, See GENTEEL.) 1. A man of good family or person of one of high rank. The late and imitated the Jews in giving the name good social position; every man above the queen's gentlewoman. Shak.-3. A term of gentiles to all nations who were not Jews rank of yeomen, including noblemen; in a civility to a female, sometimes ironical. or Christians. In civil affairs the denomi. more limited sense, a man who without a Now, gentlewoman, you are confessing your enornation was given to all nations who were title bears a coat of arms, or whose ancestors mities; I know it by that hypocritical downcast look. Dryden. not Romans. have been freemen: in this sense gentlemen Gentlewomanly, Gentlewomanlike (jen’Gentile (jen'til), a. 1. Belonging to the non- hold a middle rank between the nobility tl-wụm-an-li, jen'tl-wym-an-lik), a. BecomJewish nations; pertaining to a heathen and yeomanry. ing a gentlewoman. people or heathen peoples. — 2. In gram. Meaning originally a man born in a certain rank, Gently (jen'tli), adv. 1. In a gentle mandenoting one's race or country; as, a gentile it gentleman) came by degrees to connote all such noun.-3. Worthy of a gentleman; genteel; qualities or adventitious circumstances as ner; softly; meekly; mildly; with tenderness. honourable. usually found to belong to persons of that rank. This My mistress gently chides the fault I made. Dryden. consideration explains why in one of its vulgar ac 2. Without violence, roughness, or asperity. We make art servile, and the trade gentile. ceptations it means any one who lives without labour, Quarles. in another without manual labour, and in its more Time has laid his hand Gentilesse+ (jen'til-es), n. (Fr.) character elevated signification it has in every age signified the Upon my heart, gently, not smiting it. Longfellow'. or manners of a person of gentle birth; courconduct, character, habits, and outward appearance, Gentoo (jen-to'), nz. (Pg. gentio, a gentile. ) tesy; complaisance. in whomsoever found, which, according to the ideas A term applied by old writers to a native She with her wedding clothes undresses to persons born and educated in a high social posi- of Hindustan, especially to one who worAll her complaisance and gentilesses. Hudibras. tion. Proj. Bain. shipped Brahma; a Hindu: also applied to Gentilish (jen'til -ish), a. Heathenish; 2. In a more loose sense, every man whose the language. pagan. education, occupation, or income raises him Gentrice (jen'tris), 1. Gentility; good deGentilism (jen'tīl-izm), n. Heathenism; above menial service or an ordinary trade. scent. (Scotch.) paganism; the worship of false gods. 3. A man of good breeding and politeness, I ken full well that ye may wear good claithes, Gentilitial (jen-ti-li'shi-al), a. and have a soft hand, and yet that may come of Same as as distinguished from the vulgar and clown idleness as weel as of gentrice. Sir I. Scott. ish.-4. Often used almost as a polite equivaGentilitious. Gentilitious (jen-ti-li'shus), a. (L. gentili lent for ‘man,' in speaking of a person of Gentry (jen'tri), n. 1. Birth; condition; rank tius, from gens, gentis, a nation, family, whose social status we really know nothing; by birth. “Gentry, title, wisdom.' Shak. clan.) 1. Peculiar to a people or nation; as, a gentleman called here last night: in the 2. People of good position, such as landed national. plural, the appellation by which men are ad- proprietors, merchants, wealthy or wellThat an unsavoury odour is gentilitions or national dressed in popular assemblies, whatever born people in general, of a rank below the unto the Jews, reason or sense will not induce. may be their condition or character.-5. The nobility.--3. A term of civility, real or ironSir T. Browne. servant of a man of rank, who attends his ical. 2. Hereditary; entailed on a family. Prior, person. The many-coloured gentry there alone. The common cause of this distemper is a particular Let be called before us 4.7 Civility; complaisance. and perhaps a gentilitious. Arbuthnot. That gentleman of Buckingham's in person. Shak. Show us so much gentry and good-will. Shak. Gentility (jen-til'i-ti), n. [Fr. gentilité, hea- 6. A man of the highest honour, courtesy, Genty (jen'ti), a. Neat; trim; elegantly thenism. So in Sp. and It from the L.; but and morality. formed." [Scotch.) with us the sense now corresponds with The best of men Sae jimpy laced her genty waist, that of genteel.) 1. Politeness of manners; Burns A soft, meek, patient, humble, tranquil spirit. That sweetly ye may span. easy, graceful behaviour; the manners of The first true gentieman that ever breathed. Genuant (jen'ū-ant), a. (L. genu, the knee.] well-bred people; genteelness. - 2. † Good Dekker. In her. kneeling: extraction; dignity of birth. "Courtesy the --Gentlemen commoners, a title of distinc Genuflection, Genuflexion (jē - nū-flek fruit of true gentility.' Harrington. - tion at the University of Oxford; the highest shon), n. [L. genu, the knee, and flectio, a 3. Those who are of good birth; gentry. class of commoners. bending.] The act of bending the knee, Gavelkind must needs in the end make a poor Gentleman-at-arms (jen'tl-man-at-ärmz), particularly in worship. gentility. Sir 7. Davies. n. A gentleman-pensioner (which see). 4.7 Paganism; heathenism. Gentleman-farmer (jen'tl-man-fär-mér), n. Henrietta performing such extraordinary, gentaflexions at the gallows-tree. Strickland When people began to espy the falsehood of ora A man of property who occupies his own cles, whereupon all gentility was built, their hearts farm, and has it cultivated under his direc Genuine (jen'ū-in), a. (L. genuinus, from geno, gigno, to beget, bring forth, produce. were utterly averted from it. Hooker. tion. The See GENUS.) Belonging to the original stock; Gentilize (jen'til-iz), v.t. To render gentle Gentlemanhood (jen'tl-man-hód), n. hence, real; natural; true; pure; not spuri. or gentlemanly. (Rare.) condition or attributes of a gentleman. ous, false, or adulterated; as, genuine deReligion is the most gentlemanly thing in the world. It alone will gentilize if unmixed with cant. state of being a gentleman; the affectation scendants; genuine materials; agenuine text. Coleridge. of gentlemanliness. As a genuine form of human experience, the age of poetry is gone, never to be recalled. Dr, Caird. Gentilize t (jen'til-iz), v.i. To live like a Gentlemanize (jen'tl-man-iz), v.t. To bring Experiments were at one time tried with genuine heathen Milton. or put into the condition of a gentleman. materials, and at another time with sophisticated Gentle (jen’tl), a. (See GENTEEL.] 1. Well "To gentlemanize one's self.' Lord Lytton. were Bogle. ones. GENUINELY 379 GEOLOGY A genuine book is that which was written by the an earthy matter different from the en- geography, that branch of the general science person whose naine it bears as the author of it. velope, whence the name. () The cavity in which is derived from the application of Bp. Watson. such a nodule. --- Authentic, Genuine. See under AUTHEN mathematical truths to the figure of the earth, and which teaches us to determine TIC. ---SYN. Authentic, true, real, veritable, Geodephaga (jē-7-def'a-ga), n. pl. (Gr. gë, exact, accurate, unalloyed, unadulterated, the earth, and diaphago, to devour.) Pre- the relative positions of places, their longiunaffected. daceous land-beetles, a division of carnivo- tudes and latitudes, the different lines and Genuinely (jen'ū-in-li), adv. In a genuine rous coleopterous insects found generally circles imagined to be drawn upon the beneath stones, clods, &c., subdivided into earth's surface, their measure, distance, &c. manner. Genuineness (jen’ū-in-nes), n. The state of two very large families -- the Cicindelidæ -- Physical geography, that branch of geog and the Carabidae. being genuine; hence, freedom from adul raphy which gives a description of the teration or foreign admixture; freedom Geodesian (je--dē'si-an), n. One versed in principal features of the earth's surface, the from anything false or counterfeit; purity; geodesy various climates and temperatures, show ing how these, together with other causes, reality; sincerity; as, the genuineners oỉ Geodesic, Geodesical (jē--des’ik, jē-6-des'. ik-al), a Geodetic (which see). Livy's history; the genuineness of faith or affect the condition of the human race, and repentance. Geodesy (jē-od'e-si), n. (Gr. geodaisia ---gë, also a general account of the animals and it is not essential to the genuineness of colours the earth, and daió, to divide.] That branch productions of the globe. - Political geogra. to be durable. Boyle of applied mathematics which determines phy, that branch which considers the earth Genus (jē'nus), n. pl. Genuses or Genera the figures and areas of large portions of as the abode of rational beings, according (jē nus-ez, je'né-ra). (L.; Gr. genos, race, the earth's surface, the general figure of the to their diffusion over the globe, and their family, from root gen, Skr. jan, to beget. earth, and the variations of the intensity social relations as they are divided into Cog. Gael. gin, to beget; Gael. & Ir. gein, of gravity in different regions by means of larger or smaller societies.- Sacred or biboffspring; A. Sax. cyn, kin, race; E. kin, direct observation and measurement. lical geography, the geography of Palestine, kind. From same root are gentle, genteel, Geodetic, Geodetical (jē-7-det'ik, jé-ő-det- and other oriental nations mentioned in general, genius, generous, genesis. genial, ik-al), a.' Pertaining to geodesy; obtained Scripture, having for its object the illustragenital, genuine, &c. ) 1. In logic, that or determined by the operations of geodesy; tion and elucidation of Scripture history. which has several species under it; a class engaged in geodesy; as, geodetic surveying; 2. A book containing a description of the of a greater extent than species; a universal geodetic observers. earth or of a portion of it. which is predicable of several things of Geodetically (jē-o-det'ik-al-li), adv. In a Geologer, Geologian (je-oľo-jér, jē-o-lo'jidifferent species; a predicable which is con- geodetical manner. an), n. A geologist. (Rare.) sidered as the material part of the species Geodetics (je-o-det’iks), n. Same as Geodesy: Geologic, Geological (je-o-lojik, jē-o-loj'ikof which it is affirmed. ---2. In science, an Geodiferous (je-od-if'ér-us), a. (Geode (which al), a. (See GEOLOGY.] Pertaining to geoassemblage of species possessing certain see), and L. fero, to produce.) Producing logy, or the science of the earth. characters in common, by which they are geodes. Geologically (je-o-loj'ik-al-li), adv. In a distinguished from all others. It is sub- Geoffroyia (jef-roi'a), n. [In honour of M. geological manner. ordinate to tribe and family. A single E. F. Geoffroy, a French physician.) A Geologist (jē-ol'o-jist), n. One versed in the species, possessing certain peculiar charac- genus of West Indian and South American science of geology. ters which belong to no other species, may dicotyledonous trees, belonging to the pa- Geologize (jē-ol'o-jiz), v.i. To study geology; also constitute a genus, as the camelopard pilionaceous tribe of the nat. order Legu- to make geological investigations; to disand the flying lemur.-3. In music, the gen- minosa. The bark of G. inermis (Andira course as a geologist. eral name for any scale. -Subaltern genus, inermis of some botanists) possesses emetic, Geology (je-ol'o-ji), n. (Gr. gē, the earth, in logic, that which is capable of being drastic, purgative, and narcotic properties, and logos, discourse. ] The science which deals a species in respect of a higher genus, as and in large doses is poisonous. It acts as with the structure of the crust of the globe, quadruped in respect of mammal.- Sum- a powerful anthelmintic. The fruit of G. and of the substances which compose it; or iun genus, in logic, the highest genus; a superba, or umari, is much used by the the science of the minerals or aggregate genus which is not considered a species of inhabitants of Brazil on the banks of the substances which compose the earth, the anything, as being. Rio San Francisco. relations which the several constituent Geo- (Gr. gea, gē, the earth.! A frequent Geogenic (je-o-jen'ik), a. Same as Geogonic. masses bear to each other, their formation, prefix in compound words derived from Geoglossum (je-o-glos'sum), n. (Gr. gē, the structure, position, and history. It also Greek, referring to the earth; as, geography, earth, and glōssa, tongue.) Earth-tongue, investigates the successive changes that geology, geometry, &c. a genus of ascomycetous fungi found in have taken place in the organic and inorGeocentric, Geocentrical (je-o-sen'trik, bogs and meadows, all the species growing ganic kingdoms of nature; it inquires into jē-o-sen'trik-al), a. (Gr. gë, earth, and kenupon earth. the causes of these changes, and the influtron, centre.) In astron. (a) having reference Geognost (jē'og-nost), n. (See GEOGNOSY.] ence which they have exerted in modifying to the earth for its centre; in relation to the One versed in geognosy; a geologist. (Rare.] the surface and external structure of our earth as a centre; seen from the earth: a Geognostic, Geognostical (je-og-nost'ik, planet. It is a science founded on exact term applied to the place of a planet as jė-og-nost'ik-al), a. Pertaining to geognosy; observation and careful induction, and is seen from the centre of the earth, in oppo. geological. (Rare.) intimately connected with all the physical sition to its heliocentric place, as conceived Geognosy (je-og'no-si), n. [Gr. gē, the earth, sciences. The geologist, in order that he to be seen from the centre of the sun. and gnosis, knowledge.) That part of natu- may conduct his investigations with success, () Having reference to the centre of the ral history which treats of the structure of ought to be well versed in chemistry, minerearth. See PARALLAX. --Geocentric latitude the earth. It is the science of the substances alogy,zoology,botany,comparative anatomy, of a planet, its latitude as seen from the which compose the earth or its crust, their in short, every branch of science relating to earth. ---Geocentric longitude of a planet, the structure, position, relative situation, and organic and inorganic nature. The rocks distance measured on the ecliptic in the properties. [This word originated among constituting the crust of the earth have been order of the signs between the geocentric the German mineralogists, and is nearly variously divided in accordance with their place and the first point of Aries. synonymous with geology.) position and contents. The first great diviGeocentrically (je-o-sen'trik-al-li), adv. In Geogonic, Geogonical (jē-7-gon’ik, jē-6- sion is into unstratified and stratified. The a geocentric manner. gon'ik-al), a. Pertaining to geogony, or the unstratified rocks may belong to any age : Geocorisæ (je-o-kor'i-sē), n. pl. [Gr. gē, the formation of the earth. they are divisible into two groups; those earth, and koris, a bug.). The land-bugs, a Geogony (je-og'o-ni), 1. [Gr, gē, the earth, which represent stratified rocks, but have section of heteropterous insects, character- and gonē, generation] The doctrine of the lost all trace of original form under powerized by having the antennæ free, longer formation of the earth; geology. ful modifying influences (metamorphic); and than the head, and inserted between the Geographer (je-og'ra-fér), n. [See GEO- those which from the first were unstratified, eyes and near the anterior margin. The GRAPHY.] One who is versed in, or com- the volcanic rocks, including under this head species are for the most part found on the piles a treatise on, geography. many of the granites. They are all crystalleaves of trees and small plants; some do Geographic, Geographical (jē-ő-grafik, line; four substances enter into their comnot quit the ground, and others, as the Hy. jë-o-graf'ik-al), a. Relating to or contain- position-mica, quartz, felspar, and horndrometridæ, live upon the surface of the ing a description of the terraqueous globe; blende. The volcanic rocks are either conwater. pertaining to geography, temporaneous or intrusive: the former are Geocronite (jē-ok'ron-it), n. (Gr. gë, the Geographically (je-o-graf'ik-al-li), adv. In those poured out on a land surface or a sea earth, and Kronos, Saturn, the alchemistic a geographical manner; according to the bottom, as the lavas of the oldest as well as name of lead.) A lead-gray ore with a me- usual practice of describing the surface of of the most recent times; the latter break tallic lustre, consisting of antimony, lead, the earth. through the strata and push their way among sulphur, and a little arsenic. Geography (jē-og'ra-fi), n. (Gr. gē, the earth, them. The metamorphic rocks are gneiss, Geocyclic (jē-7-sik'lik), a. [Gr. gë, the earth, and graphe,description. 31. The science which some granites, serpentine, and the like. The and kyklos, a circle.] 1. Of or pertaining to treats of the world and its inhabitants; a oldest strata, Laurentian, are represented the revolutions of the earth. -2. Circling the description of the earth or terrestrial globe, by these rocks, and the tertiaries exhibit earth periodically. - Geocyclic machine, a particularly of the divisions of its surface, the conversion of limited areas into crystalmachine intended to represent in what man- natural and artificial, and of the position line masses. The stratified rocks have been ner the changes of the seasons, the increase of the several countries, kingdoms, states, deposited from water, and have been divided and decrease of the days, &c., are caused by cities, &c. As a science, geography includes into metamorphic and fossiliferous. (See the inclination of the axis of the earth to the the doctrine or knowledge of the astronomi- METAMORPHIC.) The fossiliferous strata plane of the ecliptic, at an angle of 66}', and cal circles or divisions of the sphere, by have been divided into the following classes, how the axis, by remaining parallel to itself which the relative position of places on the founded on their fossil contents and the in all points of its path round the sun, in- globe may be ascertained; and usually trea- physical relations between the strata. -variably preserves this inclination. tises of geography contain some account of Laurentian. Highly crystallized schists, Geode (je'od), n. (Gr. gaiõdes, earthy, from the inhabitants of the earth, of their govern- quartzose rocks, and limestones. Fossils: gaia or gë, earth.] In mineral. (a) a round ment, manners, &c., and an account of the Eozoon canadense and graphite. Locality: or roundish lump of agate or other mineral, principal animals, plants, and minerals. Canada, Hebrides, Bavaria, Norway.-Camor a mere incrustation. Its interior is some- General or universal geography, the science brian. Sandstones, slates, schists, and crystimes empty, and in this case the sides of which conveys a knowledge of the earth, talline limestones. Fossils: sea-weed, shells, its cavity are lined with crystals, as in agate both as a distinct and independent body in some crustacea, especially trilobites. Lo. balls. Sometimes it contains a solid mov- the universe, and as connected with a sys- cality: North Wales or Cambria, Scotland, able nucleus, and sometimes it is filled with tem of heavenly bodies. — Mathematical America (Huron).—Silurian. Sandstones, |