Evans, Swansea, a man of striking appearance. The Old Patriarch, the Rev. William Evans, Tonyrefail, himself an original character, admired Mr. Evans because of his unique manhood. He is a native of Pensarn, Cardiganshire, where he saw the light 1832. He was a great reader of the Bible when a mere child, and commenced preaching while yet in his teens. Mr. Evans comes from a family of preachers. He is a prominent member of his denomination, and has filled many of its highest positions. The other articles are "The £100,000 Fund;" "The Temperance Measures in Parliament;" the Gospel of John for children; Caught Stealing Apples (with illustration); "Crossing the Bar" (a translation of Tennyson); "Dr. Lewis Edwards and Tobacco;" "Have Thy House on the Rock" (the musical number).

"Y Dysgedydd" for June is religious exclusively. "A Sermon," by the Rev. D. Griffith, Bethel; "the Late Principal T. C. Edwards as a Theologian," by the Rev. James Charles, Denbigh; "The Support of the Ministry," by the Rev. T. Roberts, Mold; "The Congregationalists and the New Century," by the Rev. J. Davies, Talybont; "May Meetings;" Obituaries, Reports, Poems, etc., etc.

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In his paper on the late Principal T. C. Edwards the writer states that the Welsh as a people are very conservative. The Welsh Presbyterians compared with their brethren in Scotland are highly so. We merely state the fact, he says. Dr. Edwards undoubtedly felt the need of progress in Welsh theology; and he labored quietly and earnestly achieve a reformation. This led him into a position of distrust on the one hand and of hopefulness on the other. Some feared his leadership; became nervous and suspicious of evil consequences. He changed his views, and he entertained novel opinions; he loved and dared to leave the deep ravine of Welsh theo

logical conservatism and ascend the mount of thought, and thereon breathe the fresh breeze. But those in the valley below feared he was straying, although he thought he was merely getting nearer to God. There is greater peril in stagnation than in motion. Truth is wide; and we can travel long journeys and yet be with God and within the circle of God's truth and grace.

In the "Religious Notes" the writer states jestingly that it is really hard for the readers of the "Cronicl" to realize the difficulties of the clerical mind all tangled in the mysteries of ritualism. Then he refers facetiously to the two Archbishops of Canterbury and York, who actually spent months trying to unravel the question of the reservation of the Sacrament. Such a question is a difficulty only in a church lost almost in a labyrinth of canon laws and articles of creed. The movements of the Establishment is hampered by its own weight of ceremonies and rituals, which simple Christianity is free of. She drags along with her the obstructions and accretions of ages. All she needs is freedom from everything which is not simply Christian.

"Cwrs y Byd" for June opens with Chapter II. of the article "Tom Paine and the Rights of Man;" then come a Sermon; Act IV., Scene 5 of Penrhiwgaled, a Religious Drama; "The Course of Things," by the Editor; The Boers and the Britons; The Origin of the Trouble; Correspondences, Poems, &c., &c.

In the opening article, "Cwrs" gives us a graphic picture of the state of England and Wales at the close of the last century. The Church of England was a mere dump of corruption and immorality; her chief characteristic was irreligion. Her ministers behaved like mercenaries. The majority of them was unfit to minister her sacred offices by reason of ignorance and immorality;

many of them were drunkards, and devoid of honor, honesty and religion, and even godless. Salvation could hardly be expected to proceed from such a spiritual Gomorrah. If it were not for the reforming labors of the Nonconformists, especially with their Sunday Schools, the consequences would have been fearful.

The May number of "Young Wales" contains the following articles: "The Relation of Primary to Secondary Education in Wales," by Charles Dodd, F. R. G. S.; "A Maid of Cymru" (Part I.), by the Two Wynnes; "Welsh Nationality," by the late Sir George Osborne Morgan, Bart.; "A Tale of the Eve of May"` (A poem), by C. M.; "Our Welsh University Forum," by Prof. J. Young Evans, M. A.; "Welsh Folk Lore," by T. Griffith Jones; "Welsh Literary Echoes and Impressions," by Ernest Rhys.

-"Can it be said," asks Sir G. Osborne Morgan in "Welsh Nationality," that we have, as compared with Irishmen and Scotchmen, borne our fair part in the making of the Empire, or that we have carried off a fair share of the prizes which it offers? It is an unpleasant admission to make, but I cannot call to mind a single Welshman who is at present time a Minister of the Crown, an Ambassador, a Judge of the Supreme Court, or a Governor of a British Colony. We shall be told, perhaps, that this neglect is the penalty which we pay for our language and our nationality, and, that if we wish to improve our position and our prospects, we must get rid of both. The young Welshman who wishes to succeed, must be prepared to carry the war out of his own country.

The contents of "Y Drysorfa" for June is as follows: The late Principal T. C. Edwards's Funeral Sermon, delivered at Bala, Sunday, April 1, 1900, by the Rev. William James, B. A., D. D.; “Bunyan's Dream," by Anthropos; "The late Rev. Thomas Roberts, Bethesda (II.)," by the

Rev. J. Puleston Jones, M. A.; "A Sermon," by the late Dr. Lewis EdwardsReminiscences by Mr. David Evans, St. David's; "Sanctification" (III.), by the Rev. D. M. Phillips, M. A., Tylorstown; "Cranmer;" Associations Meetings at Twyncarno and Rhosllanerchrugog; Reports, News and Reports.

-Principal Edwards was a diligent worker who died in the midst of his work. An appropriate text for his funeral sermon would have been, "I have fought a good fight, I have finished my course, I have kept the faith," &c. One would not miss the mark if he said that the Principal's best quality was his strenuousness-he was more valiant than his brethren in the fight for truth, for which he labored more assiduously than all. He fought a good fight, which is the best fight; he finished his course successfully in good style; he kept the faith. It is much easier to say that than to perform it these days. It was not easy for him in his days to keep the faith. A crisis met him when he was encompassed by the difficulties of the age; when it became difficult to decide what to do, how to keep the faith honestly; and such a fight comes to every young man when he enters the field of scholarship, of science, of the dissolving views of modern philosophy, encountering the temptations which strive to lead him astray from the simplicity of his mother's religion; and there is danger lest the gospel of Christ become a stumbling block and a foolishness. Some of this happened to some of Principal Edwards's comrades. The same temptations appealed to his mind, and the wily foe spread his net before him also to have him desert his simple creed and not to preach it. He would have been an accession of power to the ranks of sceptics; a substantial assistance to rationalism, materialism and atheism. The tempter opened his fair promises before him, but in vain. He lived in the faith, and died in the faith.

THE EVOLUTION OF SIGNS.

Emblematic signs, consisting of tools and utensils of trade, are of a primitive origin and became a necessity in the early ages to inform the illiterate public of the particular business or occupation carried on within Thus a gilt arm wielding a hammer informs us where the goldbeater lives, and the sign of the golden fleece was the emblematic sign of the draper and tailor. One of the signs originally used exclusively by apothecaries was the well known mortar and pestle, these being implements for compounding drugs.

The ancient custom has not been entirely abandoned, and numerous emblems, such as the watch, the boot and others, are still in vogue in many of our large cities, and more especially in the small towns and villages almost everywhere.

At a later period, as art began to advance and develop, there came a gradual and growing demand for pictorial signs, which ever since have become very popular and almost indispensable. Afterward came the inscriptive or written sign of to-day, which is the adopted standard all over the entire world.-New York Times.

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GOLD.

The impression grows as new discoveries enlarge the boundaries of our experience, that the distribution of gold among the rocks of the earth is wider and more varied than has been popularly supposed, that with the exception perhaps of iron despite the value we attribute to gold, and its comparative scarcity in an available or concentrated form, gold is one of the most widely distributed of metals, far more so than

There is probably scarce a river of any size on the face of the globe whose sands, somewhere in its course, will not show an appreciable amount of gold, and even the sea-beach sands carry it in some places in fairly workable quantities. Again, we know that sea water itself contains an appreciable amount of gold. Whence comes this universally distributed river and sea gold? Not all,. we think, from orthodox gold veins, where we usually find it concentrated, because many of these gold-bearing rivers drain regions by no means remarkable for gold veins or gold mines.

The main source, we believe, to be from the general breaking up and stupendous erosion of all kinds of rocks, principally the crystalline, igneous, and metamorphic ones, and the quartzites and sandstones derived from these in which the gold is minutely distributed, it may be as an element in some of the constituent minerals composing those rocks, or less minutely scattered through the general mass in a free state.-Prof. Lakes.

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In the German army movable targets are used. The targets are drawn forward by the aid of ropes and pulleys, and the targets rest on small skids. As the trucks move forward the infantry, kneeling down, fires at them. This gives them a practice which enables them to familiarize themselves with the best methods of repelling a cavalry attack.

One of nature's soap factories is near Ashcroft in British Columbia. A number of small lakes with shores and bottoms covered with a crust containing borax and soda in such quantities and

proportions that when cut out it serves as a washing compound. The crust is cut into blocks and handled in the same manner as ice, and it is estimated that one of the lakes contains 20,000 tons of this material.

In the meantime, while the world is discussing his case, the lot of the drunkard, the all the time drunkard, grows worse. He is no greater nuisance than he was a hundred years ago, but he is not as tenderly and tolerantly regarded as he was then. Courts and the general public do not care as formerly for the plea that he is a good man when he is sober. The unfeeling answer is returned that his spells of sobriety should come nearer together, and his intervals of drunkenness further apart. His offense is not condoned by society as it was in the days when drunkenness, once a religious, became a social rite. Habitual drunkenness is a bar to employment

To simplify time periods and make it easy for ordinary mortals to grasp the comparative time of geologic periods, Heinrich Schmidtt of Peru, has constructed a table in which said periods correspond to parts of a day. By this scheme the first age of the world, the archaic or eozoic, occupied the same period toward the whole age of the world as do 12 hours 28 minutes and 48 seconds toward a day. The palaeozoic age was the equivalent of 8 hours 9 minutes and 30 seconds. The meozoic age equaled 2 hours 38 minutes and 36 seconds. The quarternary equaled 2 to 3 minutes, and finally what we are accustomed to call the history of the world (the history of the last 6,000 years) amounts to only 5 seconds. This makes comprehension of the eozoic period too easy for anything!

"It is perilous to say anything in favor of alcohol," says a recent writer, com

menting on the discussion to which Atwater's experiments have given rise, "as misrepresentations and exaggerations

are the certain results. All Professor Atwater may say to qualify his remarks as to the utility and advantage of this agent as a food will not prevent his being quoted as an advocate of its steady use as a diet. That he desires this is not to be supposed, hence his position as an honest investigator in this subject has its disadvantages, but they seem to be unavoidable."

Dr. Chavernac, of Aix (France), has just designed a new army stretcher. It is a rigid contrivance made in two halves, and its advantage over the existing French ambulance is that the wounded man can be lifted off the ground without experiencing any shock or pain. The halves of the stretcher are placed on each side of the sufferer, and by pressure they fold together under the body of the patient, who is not touched with hands at all in the operation. When loaded the stretcher is mounted on a light bicycle carriage. Under the existing conditions of ambulance work in France, four men are required to lift the wounded man, but by the aid of the new stretcher only two attendants are required. "Scientific American."

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WHEN NOT TO TAKE MEDICINE.

It is a mistake to fly to the medicine chest directly one feels a little out of sorts, although, of course, in serious illness drugs are invaluable. If the nerves are out of order through worry or overwork, rest and quiet are the best doctors, with light, amusing literature and recreation. A warm bath may be taken at night and a cold sponge in the morning. Light, nourishing food, and as much sleep as possible. Many are afflicted with weak circulation and suffer severely from the cold. Flannels should always be worn next the skin, good nourishing food is indispensable, and a

tepid (not cold) bath taken every morning, with a vigorous rubbing with a rough towel afterwards. Outdoor exercise in the warmest part of the day, and a course of cod-liver oil is usually very beneficial. For those who suffer from derangement of the stomach or a sluggish liver a different treatment is necessary, but it is a mistake to be constantly taking salts or pills. Very often abstinence from any but the plainest food, plenty of outdoor exercise, and an occasional Turkish bath are all that is needed.

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"TOOTHPICK" PLANTS.

"Ammi visnaga," an umbelliferous plant, called the "toothpick bishopweed" on account of the use made in Spain of the rays or stalks of the main umbel, is described in "Merck's Report:" "The stalks after flowering, shrink and become so hard that they form convenient toothpicks After they have fulfilled this purpose they are chewed, and are supposed to be of service in strengthening the gums. The spines of 'Echinocactus visnaga' are in common use among the Mexicans for a similar purpose. The number of these spines upon a single plant is something enormous. A comparatively small plant in Kew Gardens was estimated to have 17,600 and a large specimen not less than 51,000."

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ABOUT MATTER.

"It had until recently been supposed that matter could not be divided more finely than into molecules, and that these were chemically divisible into atoms. But the atom was the end of all dissection, while an atom of iron was absolutely and completely distinct from an atom of some other substance, such as lead. Now it would seem that we can tear off minute chips from atoms, and that the chips so torn off lose identity and can not be distinguished from one another. Of course, the suggestion

naturally follows, as a matter of speculation, that if we could tear off a sufficient number of chips from the atoms of any substance, it might be possible to rearrange or reconstruct the chips in a new way, and possibly produce an atom of a different substance; or, in other words, that the process of tearing chips away from atoms is analysis of matter into 'protyle,' or the mother substance from which all chemical elementary substances may have been originally constructed."-Electrical World.

0:0SANDGLASSES.

Strange to say the sandglass is still used to measure varying periods of time. The size depends upon the purposes to which they are to be put. The hour glass is still in use in the sickroom and in the music room, in both places affording a sure and silent indication of the progress of time. Half-hour glasses are used in schools, and fifteen minute glasses are used for medical purposes, and the sandglass also goes into the kitchen as an aid to exact cooking. There are also ten minute glasses, five minute glasses, and three minute glasses, the two later being used to time the boiling period of eggs. The three minute sandglass is called an "egg boiler." Sandglasses, says the New York "Sun," are also used for scientific purposes and on shipboard, being more convenient than holding a watch.

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Thus it has been suggested, even should the sun's heat not forsake us, our day will become month long and then year long; that all the water of the globe must ultimately filter into its depths and all the air fly off into space, leaving our earth as dry and as devoid of atmosphere as the moon, and, finally, that ether friction, if it exists, or, in default of that, meteoric friction, must ultimately bring the earth back to the sun.