custom, of the idea of atonement as shown in the symbolic " scapegoat."

191. futurum [esse], indir. disc. following the verb of saying implied in iussit (§ 330, e; G. 652, R.2).

193. ultro... venturam, i.e. would make an offensive war beyond the defensive warfare they were now waging. Pelopea moenia, the walls founded by Pelops, i.e. Argos.

194. ea, i.e. the fates implied in exitium.

195. talibus insidiis, by means of such deceit.

196. capti, those (implied antecedent of quos, § 200, c; G. 623; H. 445, 6) were caught.

197. Larissaeus, i.e. Thessalian, so called from a town of Thessaly, near Phthia, the city of Achilles.

199. aliud: by this prodigy the fall of Troy is shown to have occurred by fate, and not merely by the wiles and valor of the Greeks. — miseris, [to us] ill-fated.

200. improvida, not knowing the future, blinded.

201. Neptuno, dat. (§ 235, a; G. 343; H. 384, 4) . · - ductus sorte, a Roman custom transferred to Troy; see Tac. Ann. i. 54. 203. alta, deeps.

204. immensis orbibus, with vast coils (abl. of quality). 205. pariter, side by side.

206. iubae sanguineae, blood-red crests, characteristic of fabulous

monsters.

207. superant, tower above.

208. legit, skims (the flood). The word seems literally to mean pick hence used of the course of a vessel, and so here of the monster. — volumine (abl. of manner): the plural would be more natural, but doubtless the singular is occasioned by the metre. Compare capite, v. 219.

210. oculos (Greek acc.) suffecti, their blazing eyes suffused.

212. visu (abl. of cause). — agmine certo, with steady march (like an army), not roaming about aimlessly as they might be expected to do if not divinely sent.

215. morsu, with their fangs.

216. auxilio, to their help (dat. of service, § 233; G. 350; H. 390). 218. collo (dat.), about their neck (§ 225, d; G. 348; H. 384, 2). 219. terga (§ 240, c, N.; G. 332, R.o; H. 378, 1). — capite (ablative of measure, § 250; G. 400; H. 423): căpitibus could not be used in hexameter.

220. tendit, strives. divellere (§ 271, a; G. 424, R.; H. 498, ii. N.'). 223. quales mugitus, cum, such roarings as when, etc.; cf. Il. xx.

403; Bry. 507, for tales mugitus (in apposition with clamores), quales tolluntur, etc.

224. incertam, ill-aimed. — securim (§ 56, b; G. 60, 2; H. 62, iii.). 225. lapsu, gliding (as if it were a participle). — delubra summa, i.e. the citadel.

226. saevae, cruel, in withdrawing her protection.

227. clipei: many statues of Minerva are represented with a shield resting on the ground, the upper edge held by her hand; and one of the most famous-the Minerva Medica or Giustiniani - has a serpent crawling behind the shield. —teguntur (§ 111, N.1; G. 209).

228. tum vero, see note, v. 105. novus: the former fear was a terror of the serpents; the new is a religious awe.

229. scelus expendisse merentem, has expiated his guilt, as he deserves, see § 292; G. 669; H. 549, I.

231. laeserit, for mood see § 320, e; G. 636; H. 517. tam, guilty, as the instrument of guilt.

234. dividimus, etc.

=

scelera

by breaking down the walls (muros), we lay open the defenses (moenia) of the city; moenia is the more general word. 235. accingunt, alluding to the long loose garments of the ancients. rotarum lapsus, a bold expression in which an abstract noun is used for a property of an object and the object itself is put in the genitive; see A. & G. Lat. Comp., p. 124.

236. collo, i.e. the neck of the horse.

pueri, etc., again a Roman

238. feta armis, big with armed men. custom, see Hor. Carm. Sec. Many of these customs of Virgil's time alluded to in the Æneid were supposed to have been imported direct from Troy.

239. gaudent, because it was a sacred service. (See Fig. 66.)

240. illa subit. As Menelaus tells the story in the Odyssey (iv. 274-289; Bry. 355), Helen went thrice about the horse, calling the several chiefs by name, imitating by her voice the wife of each; and they were only prevented by the strong hand of Ulysses laid upon their mouths from betraying themselves. - minans, towering high.

241. O patria, copied or imitated from Ennius. divom domus, see v. 351.

243. substitit, stopped: stumbling on the threshold was always a bad omen with the Romans. utero (abl. of separation).

244. immemores, thoughtless: they had forgotten the warning of Laocoon (v. 45).

245. monstrum infelix, the inauspicious, i.e. fatal, prodigy. arce (§ 260, a; G. 384, R.3j.

246. tunc etiam, then too (besides our other warnings). — Cassandra, daughter of Priam. She had been beloved by Apollo, and endowed by him with the gift of prophecy; but, as she rejected his suit, the gift was accompanied with the curse that no one should believe her inspired words (See Fig. 66, where she appears on the walls in the act here described.)— fatis (abl. of manner).

247. non credita, [those lips] never believed, etc. - Teucris, da tive (§ 232, a; G. 352; H. 388, 1).

248. quibus esset (§ 320, e; H. 515, iii.): though that day was our last (contrasting the signs of joy with their real fate). Notice how this idea is brought out by the position of miseri before quibus.

249. velamus, i.e. we deck the shrines (delubra) with festal wreaths: decking the houses with garlands had a religious as well as festival meaning) 250. ruit oceano, comes suddenly from the ocean: Night, like Day is conceived as rising from the vast Ocean which encircles the earth.

251. involvens: the grave effect of the spondees in this verse is perhaps intentional.

252. dolos: the same shadow which makes them helpless aids the craft of their enemies. — fusi, compare i. 214.

253. conticuere, became silent, i.e. were hushed.

254. ibat, was already on its way, anticipating the success of Sinon's fraud.

255. Tenedo (§ 258, R.3; G. 411, R.1; H.412, N.). —per amica silentia lunae = by the still and friendly moonlight (compare v. 340).

256. flammas . . . extulerat, the royal ship had shown the signal light, as a sign to Sinon. (Compare vi. 518, where Helen is said to have held forth a lighted torch as a signal.) This clause should properly be the subordinate one, but, as often, is emphasized by its present form. See § 325, 6; G. 581, R.; H. 521, ii. 1.

257. fatis deum, cf. vi. 376.

...

258. utero (loc. abl.). Danaos claustra, lets loose the Greeks from their pine-wood prison. As the verb laxat can apply in slightly different senses to both Danaos and claustra, the hendiadys, always a favorite form of expression, is preferred to the ablative of separation (claustris).

259. laxat is in the same construction as extulerat, but the action of the latter verb precedes and that of the former is brought forward to present time (hist. pres.); hence the great difference of tense. auras, open air; compare iv. 388.

260. cavo robore promunt, compare Od. viii. 500-520; Bry. 613, where the story is told by Demodocus.

263. primus Machaon: Machaon, son of Æsculapius, and the inspired Healer; the epithet may be a translation of apισtevovтa (Il. xi. 506), or, perhaps, among the first, but the meaning is doubtful.

264. doli, i.e. the horse, which makes the ambuscade. Notice the variety of words Virgil uses to refer to the horse.

266. portis (ablative of means).

267. conscia, allied, knowing each other's plans.

268. tempus erat: this, with nox erat, has been observed to be a favorite form of transition with Virgil.

271. effundere fletus, compare the ghost of Patroclus, Il. xxiii. 65 ; Bry. 77.

=

273. pedes tumentes, see note, i. 484. — lora (Greek accusative). 275. redit "as I seem to see him returning." The tense is used like the historical present; see Il. xvii. 188; Bry. 232.

277. squalentem: this word, which gives us a ludicrous impression, had different associations with the ancients as a sign of mourning. — concretos, matted.

278. volnera: apparently the honorable wounds which he is supposed to have received in battle, though Homer hardly speaks of any; less likely the hurts and bruises from being dragged at the car of Achilles. quae plurima, of which he had received so many (§ 200, d; G. 618; H. 453, 5). 279. ultro, first (without being spoken to).

281. O lux, etc., imitated from the address of Paris to Hector's dead body, in Ennius. Here Æneas forgets for the moment that he has been slain.

285. ut, how, i.e. in how sad a plight.

287. quaerentem vana, making vain inquiry. nor does he stay for (i.e. does not mind my inquiry).

- nec moratur,

289. his, with a gesture, the so-called deictic use of the pronoun. 291. sat... datum, a legal phrase: your debt to your king and country is fully paid. —si... possent . . . fuissent, if Troy could (at any time) be saved by human hand, it would have been saved (before) by mine. For tense see § 308, a; G. 599, R.1; H. 510, N.o

...

293. penates, associated here and elsewhere with Vesta, the goddess of the Home. This is Æneas' charge, to protect his home, not the vain effort to defend the city.

294. his, dative of reference (§ 235; H. 384, 4).

295. pererrato ponto, which [mighty walls] thou shalt at last establish, when thou hast crossed the sea.

296. vittas Vestamque, i.e. the filleted image of Vesta.

297. ignem: the sacred fire, which was carried from the hearth of