York, Michigan, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Vermont, and Wyoming, and has resulted partly from the necessity of examining and certifying for appointment to places requiring special or technical knowledge or skill such persons as offered themselves after due public notice without regard to their places of legal residence, the necessities of appointments through transfers and various noncompetitive examinations, and the appointment of persons who were entitled to preference under section 1754, Revised Statutes. Persons with the peculiar qualifications needed in the special places have been found relatively in larger numbers in the States near the seat of government than elsewhere. There is little probability that any person will be appointed from the clerk or copyist register of any of these States during the year 1894.

Except in the case of eligibles preferred under section 1754, Revised Statutes, the appointment under the clerk-copyist examination must always be from the State having eligibles which at the time has received the least proportional share of all the appointments. The manner in which that State is ascertained is as follows: The population of the United States under the census of 1890 is 62,622,250. This number is divided by 2,000, taken as a convenient basis of representation for future appointments. (The average number of appointments made each year is about 400.) On a basis of 2,000 appointments every 31,240 of population is entitled to one appointment. This ratio is applied in succession to the population of each State. The difference between the aggregate of the whole number thus obtained and the ratio of representation is made up by assigning to the States having the largest fractions additional numbers, the assignment ceasing when the total number of 2,000 is taken up. Upon the adoption of this apportionment on November 19, 1890, each of the States and Territories, with the exception of Nevada, Utah, and Oklahoma, had received an excess of this share in the next previous apportionment of 1,500 appointments under the census of 1880, and the excess or deficit of each State or Territory was carried over to the new apportionment. An excess of 336 appointments was thus taken up. A request for a certification being received to fill either a clerk or a copyist place, the three names having the highest general averages of the sex and kind of examination named in the request would be certified from the State having the least proportional share of appointments. New York is entitled under the present census to 191 appointments in 2,000 appointments, Ohio to 117, Pennsylvania to 168, Wisconsin to 54, and Arkansas to 36. Of this number New York, on February 1, 1894, had received 128, Ohio 77, Pennsylvania 109, Wisconsin 32, and Arkansas 22. As among these States the share of Wisconsin was less than that of any of the others, in proportion to population; Wisconsin was therefore first entitled to an appointment. The order of these States for certification for appointment was therefore Wisconsin, Arkansas, Pennsylvania, and Ohio. The calculation for all the States is made by a card system which shows at a glance their relative order for appointment at any moment. Under this method, in which the Commission has no discretion, the appointments at all times are as nearly equal among the States according to population as it is possible to apportion them. No State at any time has more than a very small excess of appointments over any other State. The supplementary and special examinations to some extent disarrange this procedure. When stenographers, bookkeepers, or other persons having qualifications tested by the supplementary and special examinations are called for, the eligibles standing highest from the whole country must be certified, except those from the few States which at the time have a percentage of appointments greater than the average percentage for all the States taken together. The appointments from these and the noncompetitive registers and of persons preferred under section 1754, Revised Statutes, may therefore fall in a greater or less measure to States not having the least share of appointments. These States therefore receive a less share of the clerk-copyist appointments.

The number of appointments charged to the District of Columbia early became so largely in excess of the number to which it was entitled under the apportionment, that for six years and more no persons having a legal residence in the District have been examined, except through an entire failure of applicants from elsewhere. The facilities now afforded for convenient examination will, it is hoped, tend to prevent this excess in the future. Forty-two of the appointments received by the District were from noncompetitive examinations, held under the provisions of General Rule III, section 2.

It will be seen from what has been said that on the occurrence of a vacancy in any Department the selection to fill it is, as a rule, made from one of the States or Territories which have received the least proportional share of all the appointments made up to that time under the civil-service act, and that for a place requiring only ordinary clerical qualifications the certification from the clerk-copyist register is made from the State at the time having the least share of appointments.

The first following table shows the number of appointments which each State and Territory has received since the 16th of July, 1883, and the number to which each is entitled on the basis of 2,000 appointments-an arbitrary number adopted for convenience of calculation. In the first column are given the names of the States and Territories; in the second the number of appointments from July 16, 1883, to February 5, 1894; in the third the number of appointments charged to each State of the 2,000 appointments under the census of 1890; and in the fourth the percentage is given of the appointments thus charged. The percentages indicate to what extent each State or Territory was on that day in excess or lacking in its apportionment according as the percentage is greater or less than 68.05, the general average for all the States, including the District of Columbia.

In considering the relation the appointments bear to population, it should be remembered that all appointments made prior to November 19, 1890, were made on the basis of the census of 1880, and that therefore the States which gained most largely in population between 1880 and 1890 are entitled to proportionally larger shares under the present than under the previous apportionment.

This table does not include persons appointed after examination who were already in the classified service in places covered by the examinations, and skilled helpers and printers' assistants in the Bureau of Engraving and Printing, for the reason that such appointments are not counted in the apportionment.

APPOINTMENT OF MILITARY AND NAVAL PREFERENCE CLAIMANTS, SECTION 1754,

The number of persons of this class appointed during the year covered by this report was 9. Their names, etc., will be found in table 13, at page 200. The num

ber appointed during the year ended June 30, 1889, was 14; 1890, 47; 1891, 25, and 1892, 20. It is quite certain that few, if any, of those appointed would have been entitled to certification or appointment by reason of their grade, had not the civilservice rules given them preference in certification in accordance with the provison of the statute. (See the statute as printed at page 41 ante, and the decisions of the Commission at pages 105 et seq.)

REGULATION OF APPORTIONMENT IN APPOINTMENTS FROM SPECIAL AND SUPPLEMENTARY REGISTERS.

"It appearing that the average percentage of appointments charged to each State of its share of 2,000 appointments on the present basis of apportionment is 57.2 it is ordered that no certification of an eligible from a State having a percentage greater than the average, as ascertained from time to time by the method herein described, shall be made unless there is a total failure of other eligibles or there are preference claimants to be certified or the conditions of good administration require the certi

fication to be made therefrom. No certification shall be made under the last-named condition except by order of the Commission."

When sixteen additional appointments shall have been made, and the average reaches 58 per cent, the conditions above stated shall apply to the States then in excess, and thereafter, in like manner, upon each twenty appointments being made, every twenty appointments raising the average 1 per cent. [Minutes, April 12, 1893.]

Apportionment of appointments in the departmental service to the States, Territories, and the District of Columbia for the period from July 16, 1883, to February 5, 1894, and showing the relation between the number actually charged against each State, etc., and its share in an exact apportionment.

*NOTE. The percentage of the District of Columbia is omitted owing to the peculiar condition

explained in the preceding text.

Appointments in the departmental service and their apportionment to the States, Territories, and the District of Columbia during the year ended June 30, 1893, and during the period from July 16, 1883, to June 30, 1893.

[See page 210 for method of making the apportionment.]

Number of officers and employés in the several Executive Departments and the Department of Labor appointed from each State and Territory and the District of Columbia, and the aggregate of their salaries or compensation.

[Compiled from the Official Register of the United States for 1893.]

1 Appointed in Interior Department before division of the State.

2Of this number about 3,600, or 30 per cent, were appointed after examination under the civil-service act of 1883.