ELECTING THE PRESIDENT

HEARINGS

BEFORE THE

SUBCOMMITTEE ON

CONSTITUTIONAL AMENDMENTS

OF THE

COMMITTEE ON THE JUDICIARY
UNITED STATES SENATE

NINETY-FIRST CONGRESS

FIRST SESSION

ON

S.J. Res. 1, S.J. Res. 2, S.J. Res. 4, S.J. Res. 12,
S.J. Res. 18, S.J. Res. 20, S.J. Res. 25, S.J. Res. 30,
S.J. Res. 31, S.J. Res. 33, S.J. Res. 71,
and S.J. Res. 72

TO AMEND THE CONSTITUTION RELATING TO
ELECTORAL COLLEGE REFORM

29-018

JANUARY 23 AND 24, MARCH 10, 11, 12, 13, 20, AND 21,
APRIL 30, MAY 1 AND 2, 1969

Printed for the use of the Committee on the Judiciary

U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE

WASHINGTON: 1969

COMMITTEE ON THE JUDICIARY

JAMES O. EASTLAND, Mississippi, Chairman

JOHN L. MCCLELLAN, Arkansas
SAM J. ERVIN, JR., North Carolina
THOMAS J. DODD, Connecticut
PHILIP A. HART, Michigan

EDWARD M. KENNEDY, Massachusetts
BIRCH BAYH, Indiana

QUENTIN N. BURDICK, North Dakota
JOSEPH D. TYDINGS, Maryland
ROBERT C. BYRD, West Virginia

EVERETT MCKINLEY DIRKSEN, Illinois
ROMAN L. HRUSKA, Nebraska
HIRAM L. FONG, Hawaii

HUGH SCOTT, Pennsylvania
STROM THURMOND, South Carolina
MARLOW W. COOK, Kentucky

CHARLES MCC. MATHIAS, JR., Maryland

SUBCOMMITTEE ON CONSTITUTIONAL AMENDMENTS
BIRCH BAYH, Indiana, Chairman

JAMES O. EASTLAND, Mississippi
SAM J. ERVIN, JR., North Carolina
THOMAS J. DODD, Connecticut
JOSEPH D. TYDINGS, Maryland
ROBERT C. BYRD, West Virginia

EVERETT MCKINLEY DIRKSEN, Illinois
ROMAN L. HRUSKA, Nebraska
HIRAM L. FONG, Hawaii

STROM THURMOND, South Carolina
MARLOW W. COOK, Kentucky

(II)

AFL-CIO, Department of Legislation, Washington, D.C.
American Civil Liberties Union, Washington, D.C.
American Farm Bureau Federation, Washington, D.C.

Americans for Democratic Action, Washington, D.C.

American Jewish Congress, New York, N.Y.

Ashman, Dr. Charles, director, School of Public Affairs, University of the Pacific, Stockton, Calif.

Bailey, Dr. Lloyd, presidential elector from North Carolina.

Baker, Hon. Howard H., Jr., U.S. Senator from the State of Tennessee.

Bellmon, Hon. Henry, U.S. Senator from the State of Oklahoma.

Bible, Hon. Alan, U.S. Senator from the State of Nevada.

Biemiller, Mr. Andrew J., director, Department of Legislation, AFL-CIO, accompanied by Mr. Thomas E. Harris, associate general counsel, AFL-CIO, Washington, D.C.

Bingham, Hon. Jonathan B., a U.S. Representative in Congress from the State of New York.

Burdick, Hon. Quentin, U.S. Senator from the State of North Dakota.

Burlison, Hon. Bill D., a U.S. Representative in Congress from the State of Missouri.

Cordova, Hon. Jorge L., Resident Commissioner of Puerto Rico, accompanied by Hon. Ron de Lugo, elected representative of the Virgin Islands to Washington, D.C.

Curtis, Hon. Carl T., U.S. Senator from the State of Nebraska.

Dominick, Hon. Peter H., U.S. Senator from the State of Colorado.

Ervin, Hon. Samuel J., Jr., U.S. Senator from the State of North Carolina.

Fleming, Mr. Roger, secretary-treasurer and director, Washington Office of the
American Farm Bureau Federation, accompanied by Mr. Fred Poole and Mr.
Kit Haynes, counsel, Washington, D.C.

Goldwater, Hon. Barry, U.S. Senator from the State of Arizona.
Goodell, Hon. Charles E., U.S. Senator from the State of New York.

Holland, Hon. Spessard I., U.S. Senator from the State of Florida.
International Ladies' Garment Workers' Union, Washington, D.C.

Jewell, Prof. Malcolm, political science department, University of Kentucky,
Lexington, Ky.

Kirby, Prof. James C., Jr., profesor of law, New York University, accompanied by John A. Gosnell, secretary and general counsel, National Small Business Association, Washington, D.C.

Kleindienst, Hon. Richard G., Deputy Attorney General of the United States. Lance, Hon. Wesley, New Jersey State senator and president of the 1968 New Jersey Electoral College, Trenton, N.J.

Let Us Vote (LUV), Washington, D.C.

Lowenstein, Hon. Allard K., a U.S. Representative in Congress from the State of New York.

Mundt, Hon. Karl E., U.S. Senator from the State of South Dakota.

Muskie, Hon. Edmund, U.S. Senator from the State of Maine.

National Cotton Council, Washington, D.C.

National Small Business Association, Washington, D.C.

O'Hara, Hon. James G., a U.S. Representative in Congress from the State of Michigan.

Penniman, Prof. Howard, Georgetown University, Washington, D.C.

Rankin, Miss Jeanette, a former Representative in Congress from the State of Montana.

Scammon, Mr. Richard, director, Elections Research Center, Washington, D.C. Schweiker, Hon. Richard S., U.S. Senator from the State of Pennsylvania.