ADELMAN, a bishop of Bresci in te lith century, wrote a letter on the Eucharist to Be renger, printed at Louvaine, 1561. He died 1662. ADELPHUS, a philosopher of the third century, who mingled the doctrines of Plato with the tenets of the Gnostics.

was singular and matchless. On the 2d of August, 1716, he married the countess Dowager of Warwick, whom he is said to have first Known by becoming tutor to her son. This marriage, however, made no addition to his happiness; it either found them nor made them equal. She always remembered her own rank, ADELUNG, John Christopher, a German and thought herself entitled to treat with very professor at Erfurt, and author of a grammatilittle cercinony the tutor of her son. The year cal and critical dictionary of the German lanafter, 1717, he rose to his highest elevation, be-guage, and other works; he died 1806.

ADER, William, a learned physician of Toulouse in the 17th century.

ing made secretary of state; but it is univer- ADEODATUS, or Godsgift, a Roman priest saily confessed that he was unequal to the du-elevated to the papal throne 672, died four years ties of his place. In the house of commons he afterwards. could not speak, and therefore was useless to the defence of the government. In the office he could not issue an order without losing his ADHAB-EDDOULAT, an emperor of Persia, time in quest of fine expressions. What he after his uncle Amad-Eddou!at, was warlike, gained in rank he lost in credit; and, finding by|| humane, and a patron of letters; he died 982, experience his own inability, was forced to so-aged 47.

licit his dismission, with a pension of 15001. a|| ADHELME, William, nephew to Ina, king year. His friends palliated this relinquishment, of the West Saxons, first bishop of Sherborne, of which both friends and enemies knew the and said to be the first Englishman who wrote true reason, with an account of declining health, Latin, died 709. and the necessity of recess and quiet. He now ADHEMAR, William, a native of Provence, engaged in a laudable and excellent work, viz. wrote a book on illustrious ladies, died about a defence of the Christian Religion; of which, 1190. part was published after his death. Addison ADIMANTUS, a Manichæan sectary at the had for some time been oppressed by shortness close of the 13th century, denied the authentiof breath, which was now aggravated by a drop-city of the Old Testament. sy; and, finding his danger pressing, he prepared ADIMARI, Raphael, an Italian historian, to die conformably to his own precepts and born at Rimini in the 16th century. professions. Lord Warwick was a young man ADIMARI, Alexander, a Florentine, admired of very irregular life, and perhaps of loose opin- for his poetical genius; died 1649. ions. Addison, for whom he did not want re- ADLERFELDT, Gustavus, a learned Swede, spect, had very diligently endeavoured to re-historian of the battles of Charles XII., killed, claim him; but his arguments and expostula-1709. tions had no effect: one experiment, however, remained to be tried. When he found his life near its end, he directed the young lord to be called, and, when he desired with great tenderness to hear his last injunctions, told him, "I have sent for you to see how a Christian can die." What effect this awfulscene had on the earl's behaviour is not known: he died himself in a short time. Having given directions to Mr. Tickell for the publication of his works, and dedicated them, on his death bed, to his friend Mr. Craggs, Addison died June 17, 1719, at Holland House, leaving no child but a daughter,|| who died at Bilton, in Warwickshire, Feb. 1797. ADELAIDE, daughter of Rodolphus, king of ADOLPHUS, duke of Sleswick, refused the Burgundy, married Lotharius II., king of Italy, crown of Denmark, after the death of Christoand after his death the emperor Otho I.; shepher III., and crowned Christiern I. he died 1459. died 999, aged 69.

ADELAIDE, wife of Frederic, prince of Saxony, conspired with Lewis against her husband's life, and married the murderer, 1055.

ADELAIDE, daughter of Humbert, count of Maurienne, was queen of Lewis VI. of France; she died 1154.

ADLZREITTER, John, chancellor of Bavaria, in the 17th century, wrote annals of his country.

ADÓ, vid. ADON.

ADOLPHUS, count of Nassau, crowned king and emperor of the Romans, died 1238. ADOLPHUS, count of Cleves, instituted an order of chivalry, 1380, since abolished.

ADOLPHUS, bishop of Mersburg, opposed, and afterwards favoured the doctrines of Luther, died 1526.

ADOLPHUS, Frederic II., king of Sweden, founded the academy of inscriptions and belles letters at Torneo, and died 1771.

ADON, archbishop of Vienne, in Dauphine, who wrote a useful chronicle, died 875.

ADORNE, Francis, a Jesuit of a Genoese family, who wrote on ecclesiastical discipline, died 1576.

ADORNE, Antony, a Genoese, raised to the dignity of Doge, 1383.

ADELAIDE, wife of Lewis II. of France, ADORNE, Gabriel, a Genoese, became Doge, was mother of Charles III., surnamed the sim-1336; he was afterwards driven from power by ple, who was king 898.

ADELARD, an English monk, who, in the 12th century, visited Egypt and Arabia, and translated in Latin Euclid's Elements.

ADELBOLD, bishop of Utrecht, and author of the life of the emperor Henry II., died 1207. ADELER, Curtius, a native of Norway, served in the Dutch navy, was raised to the rank of admiral, spent the latter part of his life at Copenhagen, where he died 1675, aged 53.

ADELGREIFF, John Albretcht, natural son of a priest near Elbing, pretended to be the vicegerent of God on earth, was condemned to death Konigsbergh for blasphemy, 1636.

10

a more successful rival.

ADORNE, Prosper, a Genoese, made Doge, 1460, and died 1486.

ADORNE, Jerome, a Genoese, opposed the party of the Fregoses, in the age of Charles V. ADORNI, Catharine Fieschi, a Genoese lady, after the death of her husband, devoted herself to acts of piety, and benevolence; she died 1510.

ADRETS, Francis Beaumont des, descendant of an ancient family in Dauphine, embraced the cause of the Huguenots; he died 1587. ADRIA, John James, a physician in the service of Charles V., died 1560.

ADRIAN, or HÁDRIAN, Publius Ælius, the

hat art down to this time. His book treats proessediy of disorders incident to women. ÆGINHARD, a German, secretary to Charleagne, died 840.

Roman emperor, born at Rome, Jan 24, in the year of Christ 76. He was a renowned general and a great traveller; and in a visit to Britain, built a famous wali, or rampart, extending from the mouth of the Tyne to the Solway Frith, co ELFRED, or ALFRED, the Great, youngest miles in length, to prevent the incursions of the in of Ethelwolf, king of the West Saxons, was Caledonians into the northern counties of Eng-born in the year 849, a. Wannating, or Wanaland, then under the Roman government. Adri ing, which is supposed to be Wantage, in an reigned 21 years, and died at Baiæ, in the 63dBerkshire. Alfred succeeded to the crown on vear of his age. the death of his brother Ethelred, in the year ADRIAN, a Greek author, in the 5th century,71; but had scarcely time to attend the funeral wrote an introduction to the Scriptures. his brother, before he was obliged to fight for ADRIAN, a learned Carthusian, author of a e crown he had so lately received. A contreatise called" de remediis utriusque fortunæ.'siderable army of Danes, having landed in DorADRIAN I. a Roman patrician, raised to the-etshire, marched as far as Wareham; here pontificate in 1772, died 795. Ælfred met them with all the forces he could

ADRIAN II., raised to the popedom in 867, raise; but, not finding himself strong enough to be was artful and intriguing, and died 872. gage them, he concluded a peace, and the ADRIAN III., elected pope, 884, and died, 885. Danes swore never again to invade his domiADRIAN IV., Pope, the only Englishman thanions. In 877, however, having obtained new ever had the honour of sitting in the papal chair. aids, they came in such numbers into Wiltshire, His name was Nicolas Brekespere; he was born hat the Saxons, giving themselves up to deat Langley, near St. Albans, in Hertfordshire,spair, would not make head against them; and, after many vicissitudes of fortune, suc many fled out of the kingdom, not a few subceeded to the popedom in 1154. He died Sept.mitted, and the rest retired, every man to the 1, 1159, leaving some letters and homilies which place where he could be best concealed. In this are still extant. distress, Alfred, conceiving himself no longer ADRIAN V., a native of Genoa, made pope a king, laid aside all marks of royalty, and took 1276, and died 38 days after. shelter in the house of one who kept his cartle. ADRIAN VI., a native of Utrecht, was pre-He retired afterwards to the isle of Ethelingey, ceptor to emperor Charles V., elected pope 1522, in Somersetshire, where he built a fort for the and died 1523. security of himself, his family, and the few ADRIAN DE CASTELLO, born at Cornetto faithful servants who repaired thither to dini. in Tuscany, employed as papal legate in Sco-When he had been about a year in this retreat, land and England, and made bishop of Here-having been informed that some of his subjects ford, then of Bath and Wells, and, conspiring had routed a great army of the Danes, killed against Pope Leo X., was stript of his ecclesias-their chiefs, and taken their magical standard, teal honours, 1518. he issued his letters, giving notice were he was,

ADRIANI, Joanni Batista, born of a patrician and inviting his nobility to come and consult family, at Florence, in 1511. He wrote a History with him. Before they came to a final deterof his own Times, in continuation of Guicciar-mination, Alfred, putting on the habit of a dini, beginning at the year 1536 (a work exe-harper, went into the enemy's camp; where, cuted with great judgment, candour, and accu-without suspicion, he was every where adracy,) and died at Florence 1579. mitted, and had the honour to play before their ADRIANI, Marcellus, a native of Florence, princes. Having thus acquired an exact knowleft a written translation of Plutarch, &c.; he ledge of their situation, he returned in great died 1604. secrecy to his nobility, whom he ordered to their ADRICHOMIA, Cornelia, a nun in Holland respective homes, there to draw together each of the Augustine order, published a poetical ver-nan as great a force as he could; and upon a sion of the Psalms in the 16th century. ADRICHOMIUS, Christian, a native of Delft, director of the nuns of Barbara, died at Cologne

1585.

ADSON, an abbot of Luxeuil in 960, author of the miracles of St. Vandalbert.

day appointed there was to be a general rendezvous at the great wood called Selwood, in Wiltshire. This affair was transacted so secretly and expeditiously, that in a little time the king, at the head of an army, approached the Danes, before they had the least intelligence of his deEDESIUS succeeded Jamblichus, as teacher sign. Ælfred, taking advantage of the surprise of Platonic philosophy in Cappadocia, in the 4th and terror they were in, fell upon them, and tocentury. ally defeated them at Ethendune, now EddingEGEATES, John, a priest of the Nestorianon, in Wiltshire. Alfred enjoyed a profound sect, who flourished 483, and wrote a treatise against the council of Chalcedon.

EGIDIUS, Peter Albiensis, a writer sent by Francis I. to give an account of the celebrated places of Asia, Greece, and Africa, died 1555. EGIDIUS, Atheniensis, a Grecian physician in the 8th century, became a Benedictine monk, and published several treatises.

peace during the last three years of his reign, which he chiefly employed in establishing and regulating his government for the security of himse'f and his successors, as well as for the lease and benefit of his subjects in general. Although there remain but few laws which can be positively ascribed to Ælfred, yet to him we owe many of those advantages which render our EGIDUIS de Colonna, professor of divinity at constitution so dear and valuable; particularly Paris, general of the Augustines, died 1316. the institution of the trial by jury. He is said by EGINETA, Paulus, a native of the island some to have founded the university of Oxford; Egina, whence he has his name. According thus much, however, is certain, that Ælfred reto Abulfaragius, he flourished in the 7th cen-stored and settled that university, endowed it tury. His surgical works are deservedly fa-with revenues, and placed there the most famous was, and his knowledge of surgery was very professors. When Alfred came to the crown, great. In short, the surgery of Paulus has been earning was at a very low ebb in this kingdom; the subject matter of most of the treatises of but, by his example and encouragement, he use

his uunos endeavours to exche a love for letters ÆRTZEN, vid. ARSENS. among his subjects. He himself was a scholar; ÆRIUS, a presbyter of Sebastia, who is supand had he not been illustrious as a king, would posed by some to be the founder of the presby have been famous as an author When weterians, flourished about 385.

consider the qualifications of this prince, and ASCHINES, a Socratic philosopher, the son the many virtues he possessed, we need not of Charinus, a sausage-maker. Phrynicus, in wonder that he died universally lamented, after Photius, ranks him among the best orators, and a reign of above 28 years, on the 28th of Octo-mentions his orations as the standard of the ber, A. D. 900. He was buried in the cathedral pure Attic style.

of Winchester.

ÆSCHINES, a celebrated orator, cotempoELIAN, Claudius, born at Præneste, in Italy.rary with Demosthenes, and but just his infeHe caught rhetoric at Rome, under the emperorrior. Being overcome by Demosthenes, he Alexander Severus, and was surnamed Honey-went to Rhodes, and opened a school there, and mouth on account of the sweetness of his style. afterwards removed to Sainos, where he died His most celebrated works are, his "Various at the age of 75. There are only three of his History," and that "Of Animals." orations extant; which, however, are so very

ÆLIANUS, Meccius, a physician before Ga-beautiful, that Fabricius compares them to tho len, first used treacle against the plague. three Graces. ELST, a Dutch painter, vid. AALST. ÆSCHYLUS, a tragic poet, born at Athens EMILIANI, Jerome, a Venetian, one of the in the 63d Olympiad. He was the son of Euregular clerks of St. Maicul, in the 16th century.phorion, and brother to Cynegirus and Amirias, EMILIANUS, C. Julius, a Moor, from the who distinguished themselves in the battle of lowest station, rose to the imperial dignity, and Marathon, and the seafight of Sa amin, at was succeeded by Valerian. which engagement Eschylus was likewise pre MILIUS, Paulus, a Roman general, cele-sent. To Aminias our poet was, upon a parbrated for his victory over Perseus, king of Ma-ticular occasion, obliged for saving his life: cedonia, died B. C. 164. Alian relates, that Eschylus, being charged by ÆMILIUS, Paulus, a native of Verona, who the Athenians with certain blasphemous exwrote (or rather began to write) a Latin history pre sions in some of his pieces, was accused of of the kings of France; but though he spent impiety, and condemned to be stoned to death; many years at it, he was not able to finish the teath book, which was to include the beginning of the reign of Charles VIII. He died 1529, and was buried in the cathedral at Paris.

they were just going to put the sentence in exe cution, when Aminias, with a happy presence of mind, throwing aside his cloak, showed his arm without a hand, which he had lost at the ENEAS, a Trojan prince, memorable for his battle of Salamin, in defence of his country. grateful care of his aged father Anchises, whom This sight made such an impression on the he bore through the flames of Troy upon his judges, that, touched with the remembrance of shoulders at the hazard of his own life, and that his valour, and the friendship he showed for his of his son, a child, who was obliged to cling to brother, they pardoned Eschylus. He wrote a his garments to escape with them. He died great number of tragedies, of which there are 1197 B. C. Virgil has immortalized his name. but seven remaining; and, notwithstanding the ENEAS, Gazeus, or ENEAS of Gaza, a sharp censures of some critics, he must be alsophist by profession, was originally a Platonic lowed to have been the father of the tragic art. philosopher, but afterwards became a Christian, The names of his pieces now extant are, Proand flourished about the year 487. He wrote a metheus Bound; Seven Chiefs against Thebes; dialogue, entitled "Theophrastus." concerning The Persians; Agamemnon; the Infernal Rethe immortality of the soul, and the resurrection gions; the Furies; and the Suppliants. After of the body. having lived some years at Gela, we are told that he died of a fracture of his skull, caused by an eagle's letting fall a tortoise on his head, in the 69th year of his age

ENEAS, Sylvius, or Pius II., born 1405, at Corsigny, in Sienna, where his father lived in exile. This pope was famous for his wise and witty sayings, some of which are as follow: ESOP, the Phrygian, lived in the time of SoThat common men should esteem learning as lon, about the 50th Olympiad, under the reign silver, noblemen prize it as gold, and princes as of Croesus, the last king of Lydia. St. Jerome, jewels: A citizen should look upon his family speaking of him, says, he was unfortunate in as subject to the city, the city to his country, the his birth, condition, and death; hinting thereby country to the world, and the world to God at his deformity, servile state, and tragical end. That the chief place with kings was slippery His great genius, however, enabled him to supThat the tongue of a sycophant was a king's port his misfortunes; and, in order to alleviate greatest plague: That a prince who would trust the hardships of servitude, he composed those nobody was good for nothing; and he who be-entertaining and instructive fables which have lieved every body, no better: That those who acquired him so much reputation, and he is went to law were the birds, the court the field, generally supposed to have been the inventor of the judge the net, and the lawyers the fowlers that kind of writing. Having had several masThat men ought to be presented to dignities, notters, for he was born a slave, Æsop at length dignities to men: That a covetous man never came under a philosopher named Xanthus; and pleases any body but by his death: That it was it was in his service that he first displayed a slavish vice to tell lies. That lust sullies and stains every age of man, but quite extinguishes old age.

his genius for fabling and moralizing. He was afterwards sold to Idmon, or Iadmon, the philosopher, who enfranchised him. After he had ANEAS, Tacticus, author of a Greek treatise received his liberty, he soon acquired a great on the art of war, flourished 336 B. C. reputation among the Greeks; so that, according EPINUS, Francis Marie Ulric Theodore, ato Meziriack, the report of his wisdom having German physician, distinguished by his electri reached Croesus, this king sent to inquire after cal experiments and observations on natural him, and engaged him in his service. He trailosophy died 1802. Ilvelled through Greece, according to the same

1

author; but whether for his own pleasure, or born at Toston, in Derbyshire, 1540, and died 22d upon the affairs of Croesus, is uncertain. Pass-August, 1615.

AGATHEMİR, Orthonis, wrote a Greek con. pendium of Geography, edited 1703.

AGATHIAS, a Greek historian, who lived in the 6th century, and wrote a history of Justinian's reign, in five books.

AGATHOCLES, a Sicilian, rose from the obscurity of a potter to the sovereign power of all Sicily, died 289 B. C.

ing by Athens soon after Pisistratus had usurped AGATHARCIDAS, a Cnidian, 180 B. C., authe sovereign power, and finding that the Athe-thor of a Greek History of Alexander's wars. nians bore the yoke very impatiently, he told AGATHARCUS, a Samian, engaged by Æsthen the fable of the frogs who petitioned Jupi-chylus as a stage painter. ter for a king. Some relate, that, in order to show that the life of man is full of miseries, Esop used to say, that when Prometheus took the clay to form man, he tempered it with tears, Esop was put to death at Delphos. Plutarch tells us, that he came there with a great quantity of gold and silver, being ordered by Croesus to offer a sacrifice to Apollo, and to give a considerable sum to each inhabitant; but a quarrel arising between him and the Delphians, he sent back the sacrifice and the money to Croesus; for he thought that those for whom the prince designed it had rendered themselves unworthy of it. The inhabitants of Delphos contrived an accusation of sacrilege against him, and, pretending that they had convicted him, threw him headlong from a rock. They afterwards en-fused to crown Harold king, died 1038. deavoured to make an atonement by raising a pyramid to his honour.

ESOP, Clodius, a celebrated actor, who flourished about the 670th year of Rome. He and Roscius were cotemporaries, and the best performers that ever appeared upon the Roman stage; the former excelling in tragedy, the latter in comedy. Cicero put himself under their direction to perfect his action. Æsop lived in a most expensive manner; and at one entertainment is said to have had a dish which cost above 8001. This dish, we are told, was filled with singing and speaking birds; some of which cost near 501. Æsop's son was no less luxurious than his father, for he dissolved pearls for his guests to swallow.-Notwithstanding his expenses, however, this actor is said to have died worth above 160,000l.

ÆTHRIUS, an architect in the 6th century, raised to the confidence of Anastasius I. ÆTION, a Grecian painter of celebrity. ETIUS, an able general under Valentinian III., killed 454.

ÆTIUS, a Syrian servant, made bishop by Eudoxus, the patriarch of Constantinople, and founder of the sect of Etians, flourished 336.

AGATHON, a tragic poet, crowned at the Olympic games 419 B. C.

AGATHON, a native of Palermo, elected to the papal chair 679, died 682.

AGELIAS, Anthony, bishop of Acerno, in Italy, published commentaries on the Psalms, &c., died 1608.

AGELNOTH, archbishop of Canterbury, re

AGESILAUS, king of Sparta, celebrated for his victories against the Persians, died 362 B. C. AGGAS, Robert, called Augus, a landscape painter, died in London, 1679.

AGILA, king of the Visigoths in Spain, murdered in the 5th year of his reign, 554.

AGILULF, duke of Turin, appointed king on the death of Antharic, king of Lombardy, died 616; he was succeeded by his son Adalnaid.

AGIS, the name of some Spartan kings. The most famous is the second of that name, engaged in the Peloponnesian war, and died 427 B. C.; and the fourth, in conseqence of his attempts to restore Lacedæmon to her ancient discipline and independence, put to death 241 B. C.

AGLIONBY, John, D. D., a native of Cumberland, known for his great learning, was chap. lain to James I., and died 1610. His son, of the same name, was dean of Canterbury, died 1643.

AGNELLUS, an abbot of Ravenna in the 9th century, often confounded with a bishop of the same name in the 6th century.

AGNESI, Maria Gaetana, a learned Italian lady, born at Milan, made, on account of her great merit, mathematical professor in the university of Bologna, died 1770.

AGOBARD, archbishop of Lyons, supported the revolt of Lothaire against Lewis the de

ETIUS, an ancient physician, and the first Christian medical writer, born at Amida, a town of Mesopotamia, about 455. His "Tetra-bonnaire; he died 840. biblos," as it is called, is a collection from the writings of those physicians who went before him, chiefly from Galen; but contains, nevertheless, some new things, for which we are en-in 1198. tirely indebted to this author.

AFER, Domitius, an orator, born at Nismes, afterwards raised to the consulship; died 59. AFFLITTO, Matthew, an able civilian, born at Naples, died 1553.

AFRANIUS, a Roman comic poet, flourished 100 B. C.

AGOSTINO, Paolo, a musical composer, master of the Papal chapel at Rome, died 1629. AGOULT, Guillaume d', a poet of Provence

AGREDA, Maryd', superior of a convent at Agreda, in Spain, wrote a life of the Virgin Mary; he died 1665.

AGRESTI, Licio, a historical painter, employed by Gregory XIII. in adorning the Vatican, died 1580.

AGRESTIS, Julius, a Roman general under

AFRICANUS, Julius, wrote a chronicle, be-Vespasian, destroyed himself. sides a letter to Origen, &c.

AGAPETIUS I. was made pope 535, and died at Constantinople 536. The second of that name was elected pope 946, and died 965.

AGRICOLA, a celebrated Roman general, born 37, died 93.

AGRICOLA, Rodolphus, a native of Gronin gen, travelled into France and Italy; he first introduced the study of the Greek in Germany,

AGAPETUS, a deacon of Constantinople, who wrote a valuable letter to the emperor Jus-and died 1485. tinian, on the duties of a Christian prince.

AGRICOLA, George, a physician of Glaucen, AGAPIUS, a Greek monk of Mount Athos,in Misnia, known for his learning, and works in the 17th century, wrote a treatise in favour of transubstantiation, called the salvation of einners.

AGARD, Arthur, a learned English antiquary,

on minerals, died 1555.

es.amer

AGRICOLA, Michael, a minister of Abo, in Finland, first translated the New into the language of the country. 13

AILRED, or ETHELRED, author of a genealogy of English kings, &c., flourished about the middle of the 12th century.

AGRICOLA, a learned bishop of Chalonssur-by his merit to the highest honours in the serSaone, died 530. vice of Charles VI. of France. AGRICOLA, John, a German divine, born at Isleb, was the friend and disciple of Luther, and afterwards opposed him; he died 1566. AGRIPPA, Menenius, a Roman patrician, known for appeasing a sedition by the fable of the belly and the limbs, died 492 B. C.

AIMOIN, a benedictine of Aquitaine, author of an unmeritorious history of France, died about the beginning of the 11th century. AINSWORTH, Henry, known for his learn

AGRIPPA, Marcus Vipsanius, a Roman general, celebrated for his exploits and his intimacying and the commentaries which he wrote on with Augustus, died 12 B. C. the Scriptures, was poisoned in the beginning of the 17th century.

AGRIPPA, Herod, grandson of Herod the Great, king of all Judea, mentioned in Scripture, died 44.

AINSWORTH, Robert, born at Woodyale, four miles from Manchester, 1660, was the comAGRIPPA II., son of the above, and his suc-piler of a compendious English and Latin Diccessor, was the monarch before whom Paul was tionary, upon the plan of Faber's Thesaurus, arraigned, died 94. which he finished and published in 1736, in 4to., and died 1743.

AGRIPPA, Henry Cornelius, a man of considerable learning, and a great magician, according to report, in the 16th century, was born at Cologne, 1486, of a noble family. He was a man of an extensive genius, well skilled in many parts of knowledge and a variety of languages AGRIPPINA, the virtuous wife of Germanicus Cæsar, banished by Tiberius, died 33.

AGRIPPINA, daughter of the preceding, married the emperor Claudius, and poisoned him to raise her son Nero to the throne, who afterwards caused her to be killed.

AIRAULT, Peter, an advocate of Paris, a man of firmness and integrity, died 1601.

AIRAY, Henry, a native of Westmoreland, a strict Calvinist, author of some theological pieces, died 1610.

AIRAY, Christopher, vicar of Milford, author of a logical treatise, &c., died 1670.

AISTULFE, a king of the Lombards, laid siege to Rome, but was defeated; he died 756. AITON, William, author of "Hortus Kewensis," being a Catalogue of the Plants in the Royal Gardens at Kew, was born near Hamilton, in Lanarkshire, 1731, and died at Kew, Feb. 1,

AGUESSEAU, Henry Francis d', born at Limoges, was first advocate-general of Paris, then procurer-general, and afterwards chancel-1793. lor; died 1751.

AGUI, king of Bantane in Java, at the end of the 17th century, extended his power by means of the Dutch.

AGUILLON, Francis, a mathematician of Brussels, published a treatise on optics, and died 1617.

AGUIRRE, Joseph, a benedictine of Spain, was made cardinal by Innocent XI., wrote on theological subjects, and died 1699.

ARGYLAUS, Henry, a native of Boisle-Duc, made an inelegant translation of Monocanon, and died 1595.

AHAB, son and successor of Omre, king of Israel, remarkable for his impieties, died 898. AHAZ, son and successor of Jotham, king of Judah, became tributary to Tiglath-Pileser, king of Assyria.

AHAZIAH succeeds his father, Ahab, king of Israel. Another Ahaziah, son of Jehoram, was king of Judah, and killed by Jehu, 889.

AHLWARDT, Peter, a German, the son of a shoemaker, became an eminent professor of logic and metaphysics; he died 1791.

AHMED KHAN, the first emperor of the Moguls who embraced mahomedanism, died. 1284.

AJALA, Martin Perez d', a Carthaginian, of obscure birth, but distinguished by his abilities, served Charles V. at the council of Trent.

AIDAN, a mild and benevolent prelate in Northumberland, who converted many of the northern heathens of Britain to Christianity, died 651.

AIKMAN, William, an eminent Scottish painter, born at Cairney, 1682, died 1731. The celebrated poets, Thompson Mallet, and Allan Ramsay, were his intimate friends, and wrote verses to his memory

AILHAUD, John, a French surgeon, acquired celebrity and fortune by selling a powder which he declared would cure all diseases; he died 1756.

AILLY, Peter d', of au obscure family, rose

AITZEMA, Leovan, representative of the Hansiatic towns at the Hague, author of a history of the United Provinces, &c., died 1669.

AKAKIA, Martin, professor of medicine at Paris, published translations of Galen's works; he died 1551. His son of the same name was physician to Henry III.

AKBAR, sultan of the Moguls, increased his dominions by the conquest of Bengal, &c.; he

died 1605.

AKENSIDE, Mark, a physician, but far better known as a poet, was born at Newcastle-uponTyne, 1721, and died in the office of physician to the queen, June 23, 1770. "The Pleasures of Imagination," his principal work, was first published in 1774; and a very extraordinary production it was, from a man who had not reached his 23d year. He had very uncommon parts and learning; a strong and enlarged way of thinking; and was one of innumerable instances to prove, that very sublime qualities may spring from very low situations in life; for he had this in common with the most high and mighty cardinal Wolsey, that he was indeed the son of a butcher.

AKIBA, a learned rabbi, who, at the age of forty, quitted the life of a shepherd and devoted himself to literature, died 135.

ALABASTER, William, an English divine, born at Hadley, in Suffolk, and educated at Trinity College, Cambridge. Wood says, he was the rarest poet and Grecian that any one age or nation produced. His principal work was, "Lexicon Pentaglotton, Hebraicum, Chaldaicum, Syriacum," &c. fol. 1637. As a poet, he has been highly applauded. He wrote the Latin tragedy of " Roxana," 12mo. 1632, which was acted in Trinity College Hall, Cambridge Dr. Alabaster died, prebendary of St. Paul's, and rector of Tharfield, Hertfordshire, April' 1640.

ALAGON, Claude, a native of Provence, at tempted to introduce Spaniards into Marseilles, for which he was put to death. 1705.