share of learning and poctical abilities, and was difference, and afterwards fled from Vienna; long a favourite in the literary world. His he was reduced to beg his bread, and died in translations of Phalaris, Sophocles, and Luci-1493.

an, equally evince his learning and his genius. FREDERIC I., king of Denmark, distinguishHis dramatic compositions, are well known,ed himself by his wisdom, prudence, and by the and deservedly esteemed; he was born in Lon-utility of his public measures, particularly in indon, about 1720, and died in 1784. structing Lutheranism among his subjects; he

FRANKS, Sebastian, a landscape painter, of died in 1533.

Antwerp, born in 1573.

FREDERIC II., king of Denmark, was the FRANKS, John Baptist, son of the preceding, patron of literature and of learned men; and was a successful imitator of the manner of Van-the liberal protector of Tycho Brahe; he died dyck and Rubens; he was born in 1600. in. 1588. FRANS FLORIS, an eminent painter, born at Antwerp, in 1520. He grew rich and famous, has perforinances being good and numerous but was greatly addicted to drinking, and died at 50 years of age. He was called the Raphael of Flanders.

FREDERIC III., archbishop of Bremen, succeeded his father, Christian IV., as king of Denmark, and improved the condition of his peaple, by making them more independent of the mobles, and by making the crown hereditary; he died in 1670.

FRANTZIUS, Wolfgang, a German divine, FREDERIC IV., king of Denmark, was enand professor of divinity at Wittemburgh, died aged in war with Charles XII., of Sweden, and in 1020. lost some part of his territories, which he afterFRASSON, Claude, a French monk, was awards recovered; he died in 1730. doctor of the Sorbonne, and professor of the- FREDERICK V., grandson of the preceding, ology at Paris, also superior of the Franciscan reigned on the throne of Denmark from 1746 to convent there; he died in 1711. 1766. He was succeeded by his son, Christian

FRATELLINI, Giovanna, a female painter,VII. of Florence, patronised by the archduchess Vic toria; she died in 1731.

FRATELLINI, Lorenzo Maria, son of the preceding, eminent as a historical and landscape painter, died in 1729.

FREDERIC AUGUSTUS I., king of Poland, and elector of Saxony, recommended himself to the Poles, by his valour against the Turks, and was elected their king in 1696. He was beaten by Charles XII., and stripped of his dominions, FRAUNCE, Abraham, a poet, who was edu-which he afterwards recovered and maintained cated at the expense of sir Philip Sidney, in Cambridge; after which he was called to the bar. He wrote, amongst other things. "The Countess of Pembroke's Ivy Church and Em- FREDERIC AUGUSTUS II., succeeded his anuel," in 1591; and a "Translation of He-father on the throne of Poland, in 1734. The liodorus' Ethiopics." last of his reign was disturbed by a war with FRAUWENLOB, Henry, a German writer, the king of Prussia, who invaded his kingdom, died in 1317. and reduced him to unconditional submission.

till his death, in 1733. He was the patron of literature, and his court was for a long time one of the most brilliant in Europe.

FREDEGARIUS, the earliest French histo-He died in 1763. rian, after Gregory of Tours; his chronicle, in FREDERIC, prince of Hesse Cassel, married barbarous language, extends to the year 641. a sister of Charles XII., of Sweden, and obtainFREDEGONDE, wife of Chilperic, king ofed possession of the Swedish throne in 1720. France, was born of obscure parents, but, by her He died in 1757.

beauty and art, raised herself to the throne; FREDERIC WILLIAM, elector of Brandenshe poisoned all around her whom she consider-burg, distinguished himself by his war with Poed enemies or rivals, and, finally, the king him- land, and afterwards with Lewis XIV. After self she died in 597. repelling the Swedes, who had invaded his dominions, he devoted his attention to the commerce of his people, and to internal improvements. He died in 1688.

FREDERIC I., surnamed Barbarossa, duke of Swabia, succeeded his uncle, Conrad III., as emperor of Germany, and was crowned in Italy by Adrian IV. A part of his reign was dis- FREDERIC I., elector of Brandenburg, son turbed by quarrels and wars with the popes, of the preceding, was ambitious of raising his who, after a reconciliation, persuaded him to duchy into a kingdom, and joined Leopold, emundertake a crusade against Saladin. He died peror of Germany, in a war against several during the expedition, in 1190, after having states, to accomplish the object; he died in 1713. gained several victories over the Turks and FREDERIC WILLIAM I., king of Prussia, Greeks. His son Frederic, duke of Swabia, who son of the preceding, succeeded his father, in attended him, and displayed great valour in the||1713. He began his reign by a strict reform in Holy Land, also died there. the expenditures of his kingdom, by encourageFREDERIC II., grandson of the preceding,ing commerce and industry, and by inviting and son of Henry VI., was born in 1194, and foreign artisans to settle in his dominions; at elected king of the Romans, two years after. the same time he provided for his security by In 1210, he was elected emperor of Germany creating an army of 60,000 men. He died in He died in 1250, aged 57. FREDERIC III., surnamed the Fair, son of FREDERIC II., son of the preceding, ascendAlbert of Austria, was the rival of Lewis of Ba-led the throne in 1740. He was distinguished by varia, in a contest for the imperial throne. He the appellation of " the Great," to which his was defeated by him at the battle of Michael-superior talents and conspicuous achievements dorff, and taken prisoner; he died in 1330. gave him a just claim. During his reign, he

1740.

FREDERIC IV., surnamed the Pacific, cm-was engaged in war with almost every potenperor of Germany, was the last of the German tate of Europe; and, in most instances successprinces, who submitted to a coronation at Rome. fully. At the same time, he was solicitous for He was a weak, indolent, and superstitious the welfare of his subjects, and devoted a part Prince, who saw his subjects revolt, with in-llof every day to a redress of their grievances

great favourite of John IV., of Portugal; he died in 1657.

He encouraged commerce and the arts, invited literary men from all parts of Europe to his court, administered justice impartially, and re- FRELINGHUYSEN, Theodorus Jacobus, lieved the unfortunate and distressed, wherever minister of the Reformed Dutch Church, at Ra to be found. In the midst of all his cares, heriton, New-Jersey; was an able and successful found time to devote to literary pursuits, and preacher. was himself a philosopher and an author, but of infidel principles; he died in 1786, aged 75. FREDERIC, surnamed the Wise, elector of FREMONT D'ABLANCOURT, Nicholas, a Saxony, was the friend of the emperor Maximi-native of France, who fled to Holland, at the lian, and might have succeeded him had he not revocation of the edict of Nantes, and was his declined. He was the firm and zealous friend toriographer to the prince of Orange; he died of Luther, and the reformation, and died in in 1693 1526.

FREDERIC V., elector of Palatine, married a daughter of James I., of England. He was elected king of Bohemia by the protestants, but opposed and defeated by Ferdinand, of Austria. The death of Gustavus, who had promised to assist him, put an end to his hopes, and he died a month afterwards, in 1632.

FREMINET, Martin, an eminent French painter, died in 1619.

FRENICLE DE BESSY, Bernard, a mathe matician, and author of a treatise on right-angled triangles, and other works; he died in 1675. FRERES, Theodore, a painter, born in 1643, at Enkhuysen; the best of his pieces are pre served in Amsterdam.

FRERET, Nicolas, of Paris, a historian and chronologist, and opposer of Sir Isaac Newton's FREDERIC, Colonel, son of the unfortunate system of chronology, born at Paris, in 168, Theodore, king of Corsica, was engaged in the died 1749. He was a complete sceptic; and Volservice of the elector of Wirtemberg, who ho-taire, for the worst of purposes, revised two of noured him with his friendship. He went to his works: viz. " The Letters of Thrasybulus England as agent of the elector, and there com-to Leucippus," and " Examination of the Apomitted suicide, in 1796. logists for Christianity."

FREEKE, William, born in 1664. He wrote, FRERON, Elie Catherine, a French crinc among other things, "A Dialogue by way of and journalist of considerable talents,and known question and answer, concerning the Deity," as having been the constant object of the satire and "A brief and clear confutation of the Doc-of Voltaire, was born at Quimper, in 1719, and trine of the Trinity" which two pieces being died in 1776. His "Letters on certain writings laid before the house of commons, were voted of the Times," he began in 1749, and published to be burnt, as containing much blasphemy, and 13 volumes. In 1754, he began his " Annee accordingly were so; the author being after-Literaire," of which he published 7 volumes wards fined 5001., and obliged to give security that year, and eight every year after, ull his for his good behaviour for three years, and to death; and in that work, Freron, as a zealous make a recantation in the four courts in Westminster-hall.

FREEMAN, John, an English painter, who lived in the reign of Charles II.

FREGOSO, Baptist, doge of Genoa, was deposed and banished for his haughtiness; the time of his death is unknown.

enemy of the modern philosophy, attacked Voltaire with spirit. He represented him as a skilful plagiary; as a poet, brilliant, but inferior to Corneille, Racine, and Boileau; as an elegant, but inaccurate historian; and rather the tyrant than the king of literature.

FRESNAŽE, John Vauguelin de la, an early French poet, king's advocate for Caen, and president of that city; he died in 1606.

FRESNE, Charles du Cange du, a learned Frenchman, born at Amiens, in 1610, died 1688 His best works are a "Latin and Greck Glossa ry, "the "History of Constantinople under the French Emperors," &c.

FREHER, Marquard, a German, who studied the civil law in France. He was counsellor to Casimir, prince Palatine, afterwards professor of law, at Heidleberg, and engaged in important affairs by the elector, Frederic IV.; he died in 1614. FREIGIUS, John Thomas, a learned German, employed as a teacher, at Friburg, and at Basil, FRESNOY, Charles Alphonso du, an excelwas afterwards chosen rector of the college oflent French poet and painter, born at Paris, in Altorf. He died in 1583. 1611. After his death, his poem, "De Arte

FREIND, John, an English physician, and Graphica," was printed with a prose transla elegant writer, born in 1675, died 1728. The tion and notes, by De Piles, and dedicated to most elaborate of his numerous works is "The Colbert. It was afterwards translated into En History of Physic, from the time of Galen toglish, by Dryden, who prefixed to it an original the beginning of the 16th century, chiefly with regard to practice," and this is justly deemed a masterly performance, both for use and ele

gance.

Preface, containing a parallel between paint ing and poetry." This poem will keep his name alive as long as either poetry or painting shall find any esteem. A later version of Du Free FREIND, Robert, brother to the physician,noy has been made by Mr. Mason, and enriched and head master of Westminster school, born with notes by Sir Joshua Reynolds. in 1667; he published an edition of Cicero's FRESNY, Charles Riviere du, a French poet, "Orator," and died in 1751. born at Paris, in 1648. He had a good natural FREINSHEMIUS, John, a most ingenious taste for music, painting, sculpture, architec and learned man, born at Ulm, in Swabia, inture, and all the fine arts. He had also a taste 1608. He is said to have understood almost all for laying out gardens, which procured him the the European languages, besides Latin, Greek, place of overseer of the king's gardens, whose and Hebrew. He was professor of eloquence, valet de chambre he likewise was. He died in at Upsal, librarian and historiographer to Chris-1724; and in 1731, his works were collected and tina, of Sweden, and afterwards professor at printed in 6 vols., consisting of "dramatic per Heidleberg, where he died in 1660. formances, songs, amusements serious and coFREIRE DE ANDRADE, Hyacinthe, a Por-mical," &c. tuguese, abbot of St. Mary de Chans, and a FRETEAU DE ST. JUST, Emmanuel Marie

ichael Philip, a French nobleman, who, from FROILA II., king of Spain, in 923, died of a ssatisfaction with the court, embraced the po-leprosy. ilar party, at the revolution; but was conmned by Robespierre, and exccuted in 1793. FREWEN, Accepted, an English prelate, lucated at Magdalen college, Oxford, of which > became president, afterwards chaplain to harles I., dean of Gloucester, bishop of Litcheld and Coventry, and archbishop of York; › died in 1664.

FROISSARD, or FROISSART, John, born at Valenciennes, about 1337. His chief work is a history, which comprises what happened in France, Spain, and England, from 1326 to 1400 He was also a poet, as well as a historian. He died in 1402. His history was translated recently by Mr. Johnes, of Havod, Wales. FROMAGE, Peter, a superior of the jesuits,

FREY, John Cecil, an eminent German phy-who died in Syria, in 1740. cian, died in 1631.

FREYTAG, Frederic Gottlehb, a burgomasr of Nuremberg, known as a writer, died in

76.

FRONTEAU, John, a native of Angers, chancellor of Paris university, and afterwards prior of Benay, in Angiers; he died in 1662. FRONTENAC, Louis count, governor-geneFREZIER, Amadee Francis, a Frenchman,|ral of Canada, whose exertions conduced to the ho travelled through Chili and Peru, an account protection and property of Canada; he died in which he published; he died in 1772. 1698. FRIART, Rowland, an eminent architect, of e 17th century.

FRICHE, or FRISCHE, James de, a Benectine, who wrote the life of St. Augustine, ad died in 1693.

FRISBIE, Levi, minister of Ipswick, Mass., stinguished as a very faithful and successful eacher; he published some sermons, and ed in 1806.

FRONTINUS, Sextus Julius, a Roman writer, in high repute under Vespasian, Titus, Domi tian, Nerva, and Trajan. Nerva made him curator of the aqueducts, which occasioned him to write his treatise "De Aquæductibus Urbis Romæ." He wrote, also, "Tres Libros Stratagematum," or, concerning the stratagems used in war by the most eminent Greek and Roman commanders; and afterwards added a fourth FRISBIE, Levi, professor of the Latin lan-containing examples of those arts and maxims lage, and afterwards of moral philosophy, discoursed of in the former. These two works Harvard college, Mass., was distinguished are still extant. r his talents and learning; he died in 1822. FRISCH, John Leonard, distinguished as the under of the silk manufacturies of BrandenIrg, and as the first encourager of the cultiva-poetry, some of which in Latin were pure and on of the mulberry tree in Prussia; he died 1743.

FRISCHLIN, Nicodemus, a learned Geran, professor at Tubingen, known as a draatic writer, and as a translator; he died in

590.

FRISCHMUTH, John, rector of the universiof Jena, died in 1687.

FRISIUS, John, principal of the college at
urich, into which he introduced the study of
e Hebrew and other oriental languages; he
ied in 1565. His three sons were professors at
urich.

FRITH, John. See FRYTH.
FRIZON, Peter, master of the jesuit's college,
f Navarre,and author of a history of the French
ardinals, &c., died in 1651.

FROBENIUS, John, an eminent and learned
erman printer. He was the first of the Ger-
ans who brought the art to any perfection;}
nd the great character of this printer was the
rincipal motive which led Erasmus to fix iis
uarters at Basil, in order to have his own
orks printed by him. He died at Basil, in
527, lamented by all, but by none more than
rasmus, who wrote his epitaph in Greek and
atin.

FROBISHER, Sir Martin, an eminent naviator, and the first Englishman that attempted > find out a north-west passage to China. He was born in Yorkshire, and was killed in battle a 1594.

FROELICH, Erasmus, a jesuit, eminent for is knowledge of mathematics and medallic hisory, died in 1758.

FROIDMONT,Libert, a native of Liege,dean of St. Peters, and professor of philosophy, at Louvain, died in 1653.

FRONTO, Marcus Cornelius, a Roman orator, preceptor to Vereius and M. Aurelius. FROWDE,Philip, author of several pieces of

elegant enough to entitle them to a place in the Musa Anglicana. He likewise wrote two tragedies, "The Fall of Saguntum," and " Philotas." He died in 1738.

FRUGONI, Charles Innocent, an Italian poet, born at Genoa, died in 1768.

FRUMENTIUS, a Romish saint, consecrated bishop of the Ethiopians, by Athanasius, died in 360.

FRYE,Thomas, a painter, who acquired some eminence in London, where he died, in 1762.

He

FRYTH, John, an English martyr, who was converted to Lutheranism, at Oxford. preached his doctrines so boldly, that he was sent to the Tower, and, on his refusing to recant, was burnt at Smithfield, in 1533.

FUCHSIUS, or FUCHS, Leonard, an eminent physician and botanist, of Munich and Ingoldstadt, died in 1566.

FUESSLI, John Gaspard, an eminent artist of Zurich, author of the history of the artists of Switzerland, died in 1782.

FUGGER, Huldric, born at Augsburgh, in 1526, was eminent for his affection to learning and learned men. He laid out great sums in purchasing good manuscripts of ancient authors, and getting them printed; and for this purpose, he allowed for some time a salary to the famous Henry Stephens. His relations were so incensed at him for the moneys he expended in this way, that they brought an action against him for it, and got him to be declared incapable He died in 1584, havof managing his affairs ing bequeathed his library to the elector Palatine, and a fund for the maintenance of six scholars.

FULBERT, an Italian, who acquired great celebrity as a preacher in France, and was made bishop of Chartres; he died in 1028.

FROILA I., king of Spain, is known for a Victory gained over the Saracens, in 760., He FULDA, Charles Frederic, native of Swaaused his brother to be murdered, and was him-bia, eminent as a Lutheran divine, and as a me elf killed by another brother, in 768. chanic; he died in 1788.

201

FULGENTIUS, St., an ecclesiastical writer and bishop of Ruspa, in Africa, born in 464, died in 529.

he explains the terms of art in all sciences. He died in 1688.

FURINI, Francesco, a painter, of Florence, admired for the elegance displayed in his figures; he died in 1646,

FULGINAS, Sigismund, a historian of the 15th century, in the service of pope Julius II. FULKE, William, D. D., an English divine, FURIUS, called Bibaculus, perhaps from his eminent for his learning, master of Pembroke-excessive drinking, an ancient Latin poet, born hall, Oxford, and a professor there; he died in at Cremona, about the year of Rome 650, or 100 1589. B. C. He wrote annals, of which Macrobius has preserved some fragments.

FULLER, Nicolas, a distinguished English scholar and critic, prebendary of Salisbury, died in 1622.

FURNEAUX, Philip, D. D., an English dissenting clergyman, died in 1783.

FURST, or FURSTIUS, Walter, revered by his countrymen as one of the founders of Swiss liberty, lived about 1307.

FURSTEMBURG, Ferdinard de, a native of Westphalia, promoted in the church by pope Alexander VII., and made bishop of Munster, and apostolical vicar of northern Europe, died in 1683.

FUSI, Anthony, a doctor of the Sorbonne, afterwards became a protestant at Geneva, died in 1630.

FULLER, Thomas, an English historian and divine, born in 1608, died in 1661. He is cele brated particularly as author of a "History of the War," "The Church History of Britain, from the birth of Jesus Christ, to the year 1648;" "The History of the University of Cambridge since the Conquest," &c. &c. He had a meinory so tenacious and comprehensive, that it enabled him to do things which are hardly credible. He could repeat 500 strange words after twice hearing; and could make use of a sermon, verbatim, if he once heard it. FUST, or FAUSTUS, John, a citizen of FULLER, Isaac, a celebrated English pain-Mentz, and one of the earliest printers. He had ter, in the reign of Charles II., died in London. the policy to conceal his art; and to this policy FULLO, Peter, a heretical bishop of Antioch, we are indebted for the tradition of "The Devil in the 5th century. and Dr. Faustus," handed down to the present FULTON, Robert, a native of Pennsylvania, times. About 1460, he associated with John of was born in 1765. He early evinced a genius for Guttemburgh; their types were cut in wood, mechanics and painting, and went to England and fixed, not moveable as at present. Having to improve himself in the latter. His attention, printed off a considerable number of copies of however, was soon turned to mechanics, and he the Bible, to imitate those which were com became a civil engineer." From that time, his monly sold in MS., Fust undertook the sale of discoveries and inventions were numerous and them at Paris, where the art of printing was important. But that which will continue his then unknown. As he sold his printed copies name to posterity, and associate him with the for 60 crowns, while the scribes demanded 500, benefactors of mankind, was the successful ap- this created universal astonishment; but, when plication of steam to the propelling of boats. he produced copies as fast as they were wanted, The discovery was made, and the first experi- and lowered the price to 30 crowns, all Paris ment tried at Paris, in 1803; after which he re- was agitated. The uniformity of the copies inturned to America and exhibited a boat in suc-creased the wonder; informations were given cessful operation on the waters of New-York.in to the police against him as a magician; his Vessels propelled by his machinery are now in common use throughout the United States, and in Europe. He died suddenly, in the midst of his career, in Feb., 1815.

lodgings were searched, and a great number of copies being found, they were seized; the reu ink with which they were embellished was said to be his blood; it was seriously adjudged tha he was in league with the devil; and, if he had not fled, most probably he would have shared the fate of those whom ignorant and superstitious judges condemned, in those days, for witchcraft. Fust died at Mentz, in 1466.

FUZELIER, Lewis, a dramatic writer, of Paris, and the conductor of a periodical paper, called the Mercury, died in 1752.

FULVIA, an extraordinary Roman lady, and wife of Mark Antony, who had no more of her sex than her body; for her temper and courage breathed nothing but policy and war. This lady was an admirable coadjutor to her cruel hus band during the massacres of the triumvirate. She put several persons to death of her own head, either out of avarice or a spirit of revenge; and even people whom her husband did FYOT DE LA MARCHE, Claude, count of not know. Antony caused the heads of those Bosjam, a favourite of Lewis XIV., and counwhom he had proscribed to be brought to a ta-sellor of state, and afterwards prior of Notre ble, and fed his eyes a long while with these un- Dame; he died in 1721. happy spectacles. The head of Cicero was one of them, which he ordered to be fixed on the zostrum from whence Cicero had made so many speeches against him; but, before that order was executed, Fulvia took the head and spit upon it, and placing it on her lap, drew out the tongue, which she pierced several times with her bodkin, uttering all the while the most op probrious language against Cicero.

FUNCCIUS, or FUNCK, John Nicholas, a celebrated critic, born at Marpurg, in 1693, died

in 1778.

G

GAAL, Barent, a Dutch landscape painter of some celebrity, born about 1650

GABBIANI, Antonio Dominico, a painter, of Florence, patronised by the duke Cosmo Ill., died in 1726.

GABINIUS, Aulus, a Roman consul, employ ed against Alexander, king of Judea, died in 40

B. C.

FURETIERE, Anthony, an ingenious and earned Frenchman, born at Paris, in 1620, was eminent in the civil and canon law; but he is chiefly known by, and valued for, his "Univer-le 31 Dictionary of the French Tongue," in which

GABRIEL, Severus, a Greek bishop; he wrote various theological tracts, and died after 1577. GABRIEL, Slonite, a Maronite, who assisted Jay in the polyglot Bible; he died in 1648. GABRIEL, James, a distinguished French

architect, and inspector general of buildings in France, died in 1742.

GABRILLE, de Bourbon, a lady of great virtue, wife of Lewis de la Tremorille; she died in 1525.

GABRINO, Augustine, a fanatic, of Bressia, who called himself monarch of the Trinity, &c.,) his followers were about 80; he was confined in a mad-house, and his sect was dispersed. GABRINO. See RIENZI. GABURET, Nicholas, an eminent French surgeon, under Lewis XIII., died in 1662. GACON, Francis, a French poet, known for his severe satires against Bossuet, Rousseau, &c., died in 1727.

GADBURY, John, an astrologer, and pupil of Lally, born in 1627, died by shipwreck, on a voyage to Jamaica. Partridge put forth a book in 1693, entitled, "The Black Life of John Gadbury."

GADDESDEN, John of, an Englishman, the first employed as physician at the court; author of "Rosa Anglica.'

GADDI, Gaddo, a Mosaic painter, of Florence, died in 1312.

GAILLARD, de Lonjumeau, bishop of Apt, was the first projector of a universal historical dictionary; he died in 1695.

GAILLARD, Gabriel Henry, a French historical writer, and member of the French academy: died in 1806.

GAINAS, a Goth, of great valour, became a general under Arcadius and desolated Thrace, because refused a church for the Arians; he was killed A. D. 400.

GAINSBOROUGH, Thomas, born at Sudbury in Suffolk, 1727, very early discovered a propensity to painting. Nature was his teacher, and the woods of Suffolk his academy. Here he would pass in solitude his mornings, in making a sketch of an old tree, a marshy brook, a few cattle, a shepherd and his flock, or any other accidental objects that were presented. From delineation he proceeded to colouring; and after painting several landscapes from the age of 10 to 12, he quitted Sudbury for London, where he commenced portrait painter. landscapes will establish his name on the record of fine arts with honours such as never before attended a native of England. These subjects he painted with a faithful adherence to nature: indeed, the brilliancy of Claude, and the simpli

His

GADDI, Taddeo, son of the preceding, died ja 1350. GADDI, Agnolo, son and pupil of Taddeocity of Ruysdael, appear combined in Mr. G's died in 1387.

GADSDEN, Christopher, lieutenant governor of South-Carolina, was an early friend and advocate of the rights of the colonies, and took a decided part in favour of their separation and independence; he died in 1805.

GAELEN, Alexander, Van, a Dutch painter, who painted three battles, between Charles I and Cromwell; he died in 1728.

GAERTNER, Joseph, a native of Calu, in Swabia, a distinguished naturalist, author of a great work called Carpology, which he dedicated to Sir Joseph Banks; he died in 1791. GETANO, Scipio, an admired Florentine painter, died in 1588

GAFFARELL, James, a French writer, librarian to Richelieu, who enabled him to make a large collection of MSS.; he was author of several works, and died in 1681.

SAFURIO, Franchino,a native of Sodi, head of the choir, in Milan cathedral; he wrote several works on music, and died in 1520.

GAGE, Thomas an Irishman, missionary to the Philippines; he died in 1651.

GAGE, Thomas, the last governor of Mass., appointed by the king, after the conquest of Canada, in 1760, was appointed governor of Montreal, he was exceedingly odious to the Americans, and died in England, in 1787.

romantic scenes. While we lament him as an artist, let us not pass over those virtues which were an honour to human nature, that generous heart, whose strongest propensities were to relieve the genuine claims of poverty. If he selected, for the exercise of his pencil, an infant from a cottage, all the tenants of the humble roof generally participated in the profits of the picture; and some of them frequently found in his habitation a permanent abode. His liberality was not confined to this alone; needy relatives, and unfortunate friends, were further incumbrances on a spirit that could not deny; and, owing to this generosity of temper, that affluence was not left to his family which so much merit might promise, and such real worth deserve. He died in 1788.

GALADIN, Mahomet, a popular emperor of the Moguls, died in 1695.

GALANTINI, Hippolito, a delicate miniature painter, of Genoa, died in 1706.

GALANUS, Clement, an Italian, missionary to America, wrote a grammar of that language, about 1650.

GALAS, Matthew, a general, who, from being a page, rose to high standing: he was in the service of the emperor Frederic II., and Philip IV., of Spain; he died in 1647.

GALATEO, Ferrari Antonio, a scholar and physician, born at Galatinia; he was author of several works, and died in 1517.

GAGER, William, a civilian and poet, was entered of Christ church, Oxford, in 1574, where he arrived at the degree of LL. D. He defend-|| GALATIN, Peter, author of the valuable ed the stage against the attacks of Dr. Rainolds; work "De Arcanis Catholicæ Veritatis;" he he wrote in Latin, "Meleager" and "Ulysses died about 1530. Redux," tragedies; and "Rivales," a comedy. GALBA, Servius Sulpicius, emperor of Rome GAGNIER, John, an eminent orientalist, who, after Nero: he was slain by the guards, who in 1723, published Abulfeda's "Life of Mo- raised Otho to the throne, A. D. 69. hammed," in Arabic, with a Latin translation, GALE, John, a learned divine, among the and notes; he was born at Paris, and died in 1725. baptists, born at London, in 1680. His father GAGNÝ, John, first almoner to Francis I., was a citizen of good repute. He is chiefly id author of commentaries on the New Testa-known for his writings against "Wall's Demt he died in 1549. fence of Infant Baptism," and died in 1721. GA "UINUS, Robert, a French historian, died GALE, Theophilus, a learned divine, among in 150. He was the author of several works; the ion-conformists, born in 1628, died in 1678. the principal of which is a history in 11 books He wrote a large and laborious work, called De Jestis Francorum, from 1200 to 1500." The Court of the Gentiles." GAICHES, John, priest of the oratory, and Caron of Soissons, died in 1730.

GALE, Thomas, dean of York, formerly head-master of St. Paul's school, and celebra