cule agreeable and exquisite. Upon the subject of Christianity, however, he has indulged much latitude, which has justly raised him a great number of opponents. The greater part of this immortal history was written at Lausanne, in Switzerland. Mr. Gibbon died in 1794.

GIFANIUS, Hubertus, or Obertus, a critic and civilian, died at Prague, in 1604.

GIFFORD, Dr. Andrew, an eminent English dissenting divine and antiquary, born in 1700, died 1784. He was assistant librarian at the British Museum; to which post he was remarkably em-suited, having a peculiar talent for receiving and communicating knowledge. As a minister of the Gospel, he was lively and evangelical; he was master of the pathetic, and persuasion dwelt on his lips; his heart was in the work; and, upon some occasions particularly, it might have been said of him, as was said of one of the blessed reformers: "Vividus vultus, vividi oculi, vividæ manus, denique omnia vivida."

GIBBONS, Grinling, a famous sculptor ployed by Charles II., died in 1721. GIBBONS, Orlando, a distinguished organist of the royal chapel in England, died in 1625. GIBBS, James, an architect, who designed several of the principal buildings in England, died

in 1754.

GIBBS, Sir Vicary, an eminent English lawyer, was born at Exeter, and educated at Cambridge. He was elected a member of parliament for that university, and was afterwards made king's attorney and solicitor-general, a judge, and then chief-justice of the common pleas. Hel died in 1820.

GIBELIN. See GEBELIN.

GIBERT, Balthasar, a native of Aix, who held the chair of rhetoric at Mazarin 50 years; he wrote several works, and died in 1771. GIBERT, John Peter, a native of Aix, and a professor, wrote several works on theology; he died at Paris, in 1736.

GIBERTI, John Matthew, a native of Palermo, who became governor of Tivoli, and bishop of Verona, died fu 1543.

GIBIEUF, William, a priest, who wrote a book on the liberty of God, and the Creator, a work of great merit; he died in 1650.

GIBSON,Thomas, an eminent painter, known at Oxford and London, died in 1751.

GIBSON, Thomas, a physician in England, eminent as a botanist, &c., wrote several works; he died in 1562.

GIBSON, Edmund, bishop of London, born in 1669, and eminent as an antiquarian, theologigical, political, and controversial writer, died in 1748. He published an edition of "Camden's Britannia," in English, and the posthumous works of sir Henry Spelman

GIBSON, Richard, an eminent English painter, greatly in favour with Charles I., to whom he was page of the back stairs. He was a dwarf, and married one Mrs. Anne Shepherd, who was also a dwarf. Charles I. was pleased to honour their marriage with his presence, and to give the bride. Waller wrote a poem on this occasion, "Of the Marriage of the Dwarfs," which begins thus:

"Design or chance make others wive;
But nature did this match contrive;
Eve might as well have Adam fled,
As she denied her little bed

GIFFORD, Richard, an English divine, author of several learned works, died in 1807, much respected.

GIFFORD, John, a political writer and historian, (whose real name, however, is said to have been John Richard Green,) was born in 1758. He embraced the law as a profession; but, having dissipated his little fortune, he was obliged to go abroad under the assumed name which he ever after retained. He returned in 1788; and, on the breaking out of the French revolution, devoted his pen to the defence of government in church and state. He contributed to the establishment of the "British Critic;" and compiled a "History of France;" and a "History of the Political Life of William Pitt." He died in 1818.

GIGGEO, Anthony, an Italian divine, who wrote "Thesaurus Linguæ Arabicæ," in 4 vols. folio, besides other works, died in 1632.

GILBERT, Sir Humphrey, an enterprising, but unfortunate navigator, related to sir Walter Raleigh. He took possession of Newfoundland in the name of queen Elizabeth, wrote a book to prove the existence of a north-west passage to China, and died in 1583.

GILBERT, Thomas, B. D., an English divine, who made a convert of Dr. South to his opinion of predestination; he died in 1694.

GILBERT, Sir Jeffrey, chief baron of the exchequer, and a voluminous law writer, was born in 1674, and died at Bath, in 1726.

GILBERT, William, a learned physician, who first discovered several of the properties of the loadstone, born at Colchester, in 1540, died 1603.

GILDAS, surnamed the Wise, a native of Wales, and the most ancient British writer extant; for his famous "Epistle" was written A. D. 560, and is a most severe censure of the depravity of the Britons at that time.

GILDON, Charles, an English poet and critic, born in 1665. He is best known by his "Complete Art of Poetry," and died in 1723.

GILES of Viterbo, an Italian cardinal, favourite of popes Julius III., and Leo X., died in 1532.

To him, for whom Heav'n seem'd to frame
And measure out this only dame," &c.
They appear to have been of an equal stature,
each of them measuring three feet ten inches.
They had, however, nine children; five of which
attained to maturity, and were well proportion-Vandal kings of Africa.
ed to the usual standard of mankind. He died
in 1689, aged 75, and his wife died in 1709, at the
age of 89.

GILES, John, or Ægidius, the first Englishman on record entered among the Dominicans; he lived in the 13th century.

GIBSON, William, nephew of Richard, became eminent as a painter; he died in 1702. GIBSON, William, a self-taught mathematician of the most wonderful powers, born in 1720, died 1791.

GIBSON, Edward, kinsman to William, and instructed by him, died young.

GIDEON, one of the judges of Israel, died 1236 B. C.

GILIMER, or GELIMER, was the last of the

GILL, Alexander, an English scholar, master of St. Paul's school, who wrote some theological tracts, died in 1635.

GILL, Alexander, son of the above, assisted his father in his school, was a good Latin poet; he died in 1642.

GILL, Dr. John, an eminent English Calvinistic divine, a learned orientalist, and voluminous writer on theological subjects, born 1697, and died in London, 1771. His greatest work is a "Commentary on the Bible."

GILLES, Peter, a learned adventurer, who

1

went into foreign countries to learn their manners; he died at Rome, in 1555.

GILLESPIE, George, a famous preacher of the church of Scotland, died in 1648. GILLOT, Claude, a French painter and engraver, disciple to Vateau, died in 1722.

GILLRAY, James, a celebrated caricature designer and engraver, died in 1815. GILPIN, Bernard, an eminent English divine and reformer, born in 1517, died 1583.

GILPIN, Richard, a popular non-conformist minister in and about London; he afterwards practised physic, and died in 1657.

GIOSEPPINO, an eminent Neapolitan painter, born in 1560, died in 1640.

GIOTTINO Tomaso, a painter, of Florence, died in 1356.

GIOTTO, an eminent Florentine painter, sculptor, and architect, born in 1276, died in 1336.

GIRALDI, Lilio Gregorio, an ingenious critic, antiquary, and historian, and one of the most learned men that modern Italy has produced, died in 1552.

GIRALDI, John Baptist Cintio, an Italian poet, born at Ferrara, in 1504, died in 1573. His GILPIŃ, William, an English divine, biogra- works consist chiefly of tragedies; and some pher, and delineator of nature's picturesque make no scruple to rank him among the best beauties, was born in 1724, died 1804. His prin- tragic writers that Italy has produced. cipal works are, "An Exposition of the New GIRALDUS, Sylvester, a learned Welchman, Testament;' An Essay on Prints ;" and nu-who wrote a History of Ireland, and other works merous Essays and Observations on Picturesque of great erudition, died about 1215. Scenery, &c., in different parts of England. To these we should add, his "Sermons to a Country Congregation."

GIRALDUS, Cambrensis, an ancient British historian, who died about the latter end of the 12th century, having written "A History of the World," in which his information respecting ecclesiastical affairs is extremely valuable.

1748.

GILPIN, Sawrey, R. A., a celebrated painter, particularly of horses and wild animals, was born in 1733, and was brother of the preceding. He went to London at the age of 14, and was ar- GIRANDON, Francis, was inspector-general ticled to Mr. Scott, a ship-painter, who lived in of sculpture to Lewis XIV.; he died in 1715. Covent-Garden, where Mr. Gilpin caught his GIRARD, John Baptist, a jesuit, born at Dol, first relish for animal painting, frequently amus- was tried by the parliament of Aix, for using ing himself in sketching the carts and horses, sorcery upon a young girl; but was acquitted. market-groups, &c. He was afterwards patron- GIRARD, Gabriel, a French ecclesiastic, was ised by William, duke of Cumberland, at Wind-almoner to the duchess of Berri, &c.; he died in sor; and from his royal highness' stud he acquired that knowledge of the horse which he has so ably exhibited in his works. The historical compositions he has left, show that he might have claimed the palm in the first department of art. The Triumph of Camillus, Diomedes' Horses, his poetical subjects, and drawings of animals, possess a taste peculiar to himself. His chef d'œuvre is in the possession of S. Whit-1704; he died in 1689. bread, esq. M P. It consists of a group of tigers, and is a noble and spirited composition. He excelled much in giving an expression of terrible, but majestic fierceness, to that noblest of all animals, the lion. He died at Brompton, in 1807. GINNANI, Francis, page to duke Anthony Farnese, wrote several works on agriculture; he died in 1766.

GIOCONDO, Fra Giovanni, a schoolmaster at Verona, who instructed Julius Cæsar Scaliger; he died in 1521.

GIOIA, Flavio, of Amalfi, in Naples, a celebrated mathematician, who, from his knowledge of the magnetic powers, invented the mariner's compass, by which the navigation of Europeans was extended to the most distant regions of the globe; before this invention, navigation was confined to coasting. It is said that the Chinese knew the compass long before; be this as it may, the Europeans are indebted to Gioia for this invaluable discovery. He was born about 1300. GIOLITO DEL FERRARI, a printer, of the 16th century, at Venice, ennobled by Charles V., died in 1547.

GIRON, D. Pierre, duke of Ossuna, a Spaniard, who encouraged the famous conspiracy against Venice, which forms the subject of one of the finest pieces of English tragedy; he died in prison in 1624.

GIRONST, James, of Anjou, known as a popular preacher: his sermons were published in

GIRTIN, John, an English painter, whose views of London and Paris, are much admired; he died in 1802.

GIRY, Lewis, one of the first members of the French academy, and author of several valuable works; he died in 1665.

GISBERT, John, a native of Cahors, professor of divinity at Toulouse, and author of AntiProbalasimus, died in 1710.

GISBERT, Blaise, a jesuit of Cahors, wrote a work on Education, &c., died in 1731.

GISELINUS, a physician, a native of Bruges, died in 1551.

GIST, Mordecai, a brigadier general in the American war; was in the battle of Camden, died in 1792.

GIULANO, Di-Majano, a Florentine, sculptor and architect, who died at Naples, in 1447. Several buildings at Naples, are the monuments of his genius.

GIUSTI, Antonio, a painter, of Florence, of much excellence, died in 1705.

GLAIN, N. Saint, a zealous Protestant, born at Limoges, about 1620, remarkable for having GIORDANI, Vital, a Neapolitan mathemati-been, by reading of Spinoza's book, changed into cian; author of several works on the mathema-as zealous an Atheist. tics, died in 1711.

GLANDOR, Matthias, a physician to the archbishop of Bremen, died in 1652.

GIORDANO, Luca, a painter of Naples, he was knighted by the king of Spain, and died in 1705. GLANVIL, Joseph, a distinguished philoso GIORGIANI, or ALSEID ALSCHERIF phical and theological writer, born at Plymouth, ABON HASSAN, or HOUSSAIN ALI, a na-in 1636, died in 1880. In "Some Philosophical tive of Georgia, author of Theological and Phi- Considerations, touching the Being of Witches losophical terms. and Witchcraft," he defended the possibility of witchcraft, which drew him into a controversy that ended only with his life. During the

GIORGIONE, an illustrious Venetian painter, born in 1478, died in 1511.

gentleman was brought up in the mercantile line, and, by a remarkable speech that he deJivered in behalf of the merchants of London GLANVILLE, Ranulph, chief justiciary of at the bar of the House of Commons, about the all England, and an eminent writer on jurispru-year 1740, previous to the breaking out of the dence, who first collected the English laws into Spanish war, acquired, and with great justice, one body, flourished toward the end of the 12th the character of an able and steady patriot; century. which character he retained through life. In the belles lettres he also made no inconsiderable figure, being the author of an epic poem of very high celebrity, entitled "Leonidas;" the subject of which is, the gallant actions of that great general, and his heroic defence of, and fall at, GLASER, Christopher, apothecary to Louis the pass of Thermopyla; he wrote also, "BoXIV., and author of a valuable treatise on chy-adicea," "Medea," and "Jason," tragedies; mistry, died in 1679. and died in 1785, aged 74.

GLASS, John, a Scotch divine, who, in 1727, GLUCK, Christopher, an eminent musical published a treatise to prove that the civil esta- composer, born in Bohemia, in 1716. He introblishment of religion was inconsistent with duced a new style of music into Paris, and died Christianity for this he was deposed, and beat Vienna, in 1787.

came the father of a new sect, called in Scot-. GLYNN, Robert, a native of Cambridge, auland, Glassites, and in England, Sandemonians. thor of the Day of Judgment, a poem of great He was born at Dundee, in 1698, and died in merit; he obtained the prize of Cambridge, and died in 1800.

founder of modern magnetism: was born at protesting his innocence of the said murder; Wittemberg, and died in 1621.

GOCLENIUS, Rodolphus, a voluminous writer, 50 years professor of logic at Marpurg, died

in 1628.

GODDARD, Jonathan, an English physician and chymist, and one of the first promoters of the Royal Society, born in 1617, died in 1674. GODEAU, Anthony, a French bishop, born in 1605. He was a very voluminous author, both in prose and verse; but it may suffice to mention one work in each way, as chiefly worth notice: his "Ecclesiastical History," and a "Translation of the Psalms into French verse;" he died in 1672.

supposed by the historian of those times to have been choked with a piece of bread, as a judg ment from heaven, having wished it might stick in his throat if he were guilty of the murder, which he certainly was.

GODWIN, Thomas, an English prelate, who embraced the tenets of the protestants, but on the accession of Mary, was persecuted; he was afterwards favoured by Elizabeth, who at length became displeased with him, which hastened his death in 1590.

GODWIN, Dr. Francis, an excellent mathematician, philosopher, and historian, born in 1561. In 1583, he wrote an entertaining piece, GODEFROI, or GODFREY, of Bouillon, which came out about five years after his death, duke of Lower Lorraine, a most celebrated under the title of "The Man in the Moon; or crusader, and victorious general: he took Jeru-a Discourse of a Voyage thither, by Domingo salem from the Turks in 1099, and was pro-Gonsales," in 1638. But his principal work is, claimed king; but his piety, as historians relate," A Catalogue of the Bishops of England, since would not permit him to wear a diadem of gold the first planting of the Christian Religion in the city where his Saviour had been crowned in this Island; together with a brief History with thorns; he died in 1100. of their Lives and memorable Actions, so neat as can be gathered of Antiquity;" he died in 1633.

GODEFROI, Denys, a native of Paris, and author of Corpus Juris Civilis, &c., died in 1622. GODEFROI, Theodore, counsellor of state, of France, died in 1642. His brother James, was law professor at Geneva, where he died in 1659. GODEFROI, Denys, son of Theodore, an au-of the Roman Antiquities, &c. thor; he died in 1681.

GODESCHALC, surnamed Fulgentius, a monk, in Saxony, in the 9th century, known for his controversy about predestination and grace; he died in 869.

GODWIN, Dr. Thomas, a learned English writer, and excellent schoolmaster, born in 1587, died in 1642. His chief work is, "Romana Historiæ Anthologia," an English Exposition

GODWIN, Mary Wollstonecraft, a lady of very superior literary accomplishments, who distinguished herself by many able productions, but chiefly by "A Vindication of the Rights of Women, with Strictures on Moral and Political GODEWYCK, Margarita, a female painter, Subjects." She also wrote well on female of Dort, much admired, died in 1677. education and conduct, and her practical skill GODFREY, of Viterbo, chaplain and secre-in education was even superior to her speculatary to king Conrad III., and the emperors Fre-tions on the subject. For soundness of underderic and Henry VI. He laboured 40 years in compiling a Chronicle from the Creation of the World to 1186. It is written in Latin prose and verse, and entitled "Pantheon."

GODFREY, Sir Edmundbury, an able magistrate, who exerted himself in the discovery of the popish plot, was found dead, pierced by his own sword, supposed to have been killed by the papists in 1678.

GODFREY, Thomas, the inventor of Hadley's quadrant, died in Philadelphia, in 1749. GODFREY, Thomas, son of the preceding, a poet; died at Wilmington, in 1763.

standing, and sensibility of heart, she was, perhaps, never excelled; but there were certain peculiarities of system both in her writings and her conduct, against which every lover of religion or morals must protest. She was born in 1768, and died in 1797.

GOERCE, William, an eminent scholar, of Middlebury, author of Jewish Antiquities, &c., died in 1715.

GOERING, Jacob, for many years minister of the German Lutheran church in New-York, died in 1807.

GOERTZ, John baron of, a memorable Swede, GODIVA, the name of a beautiful lady, wife who endeavoured to excite an insurrection in of Leofric earl of Mercia, in the reign of Edward England in favour of the pretender; he was be the Confessor. Having an extraordinary affec-headed in 1719.

tion for Coventry, she solicited her husband to GOES, Hugo Vander, a painter, of Bruges, release the inhabitants of that city from a grie-flourished about 1480.

GOETZE, George Henry, a native of Leipsic: he was superintendent of the churches of Lübec, and died in 1702.

vous tax. To this he evasively consented, on GOESIUS, William, a critic, of Leyden, aucondition that she would ride naked through thor of notes on Petronius, died in 1686. the streets of Coventry; which she performed, covering her body with her hair, and commanding all persons to keep within doors and from the windows on pain of death. The pictures GOEZ, John Augustus Ephraim, a native of of Leofric and Godiva are in the window of Ascherleben, eminent as a naturalist; he died Trinity Church; and every year on the Fri-in 1786. day after Trinity Sunday, there is a procession GOEZ, Damian de, a Portuguese writer, and through the town, with a figure representing alla great traveller, became acquainted with the naked woman on horseback. learned men of Europe.

GODOLPHIN, John, an eminent civilian, of| GOFF, Thomas, born in Essex, 1592, ale England, born in 1617, died in 1678. He pub-died in 1627. He was a divine; but wrote several lished several books which were held in much pieces on different subjects, among which are four tragedies.

esteem.

GODWIN, Earl, brother to Edward the Confessor, invaded England, in 1052. Being tried for the murder of prince Alfred his brother, he was pardoned, but died at the king's table, while

GOFF, William, one of the judges of kins Charles I., and major-general under Cromwel came to America in 1660; he lived in conceal ment till his death, in 1679.

GOGAVA, Antonius Hennanius, a German and theological writer, born 1567, died in 1666. physician, flourished about 1592. At the age of 90, he published a large collection GOGUET,Antony-Yves, a French writer, and of "Epigrams;" and some years after a trageauthor of a celebrated work, entitled, "L'Ori-dy, called "Danaides."

gine de Loix, des Arts, des Sciences, et de leur GOMBERVILLE, Marin Le Roi, a FrenchProgres ches les Anciens Peuples," born at Pa-man, member of the academy, and author of ris, in 1716, died 1758. Romances, &c.; he died in 1674.

GOMERSAL, Robert, an English divine, po

GOLDAST, Melchior Haiminsfield, a learned civilian, of Switzerland, author of many valua-et, and dramatic author, born 1600, died 1646. ble works, died in 1635.

GOLDHAGEN, John Eustachius, of Magde barg, translated Herodotus, &c.; he died in 1772. GOLDMAN, Nicholas, a native of Breslaw, author of a treatise on military architecture, died in 1665.

GOLDONI, Charles, a dramatic writer, born at Venice, in 1707, produced a number of comedies, which were remarkably successful. died in 1793.

He

GOMEZ, de Cividad Álvarez, a Latin poet, of Guadalaxara, died in 1558.

GOMEZ, de Castro Alvarez, a learned Spaniard, author of the life of Cardinal Ximenes; he died in 1580.

GOMEZ, Magdalene Angelica Poisson de, a French lady, who wrote some romances, &c., died in 1770.

GONDEBAUD, third king of Burgundy, became tributary to Clovis, king of the Franks; he

GOLDSMITH, Francis, a poet and translator, died in 516. who lived in the reign of Charles I. GONDRIN, Lewis Antony, a favourite of GOLDSMITH, Oliver, an eminent English his-Louis XIV., who gratified that monarch by emtoric, dramatic, and miscellaneous writer, was ploying 1200 men to destroy a wood which was born at Elphin, in Ireland, Nov. 29, 1729. Quit-offensive to him.

ung home to taste of foreign climes, he encoun- GONDY, John Francis Paul, afterwards Cartered many difficulties; and having experienced dinal de Retz, born 1613, died 1679. This extraorall the vicissitudes to which a pennyless wan-dinary man has drawn his own character in his derer must necessarily be subject, arrived in" Memoirs," which are written with such an air England in 1758. Shortly after, he became an as-of grandeur, impetuosity of genius, and inequalisistant at an academy at Peckham; then a writer ty, as give us a very strong representation of in "The Monthly Review;" and afterwards in his conduct. He was a man who, from the "The Public Ledger," in which his" Citizen of greatest degree of debauchery, and still lanthe World" originally appeared, under the title guishing under its consequences, preached to of " Chinese Letters." Fortune seemed now to the people, and made himself adored by them. take some notice of a man she had long neglect Voltaire says, that "in his youth he lived like ed. The simplicity of his character, the integrity Cataline, and like Attieus in his old age.' Of of his heart, and the merit of his productions, bis Memoirs, "several parts," says the same made his company acceptable to the better sort. Voltaire, "are worthy of Sallust, but the whole He took handsome chambers in the temple, and is not equal." They are supposed, however, lived in a genteel style. His "Traveller," his to be written with impartiality; the author "Vicar of Wakefield," his "Good-natured Man, having every where spoken with the same freea Comedy," raised him up, and ensured him suc-dom of his own infirmities and vices, as any cess to any thing that should follow; as "The other writer could have done.

Deserted Village," "She Stoops to Conquer," GONET, John Baptist, a Dominican friar, &c. Notwithstanding the success of his works, professor at Bourdeaux, and author of a sysby which he cleared vast sums, his circum-tem of theology; he died in 1681. stances were by no means prosperous; and this GONGORA, Lewis de, a Spanish poet, born has been imputed to two causes: partly to the in 1652, died in 1627. His works are all posthu. liberality of his disposition; and partly to an un-mous, and consist of sonnets, elegies, a comedy, fortunate habit of gaming, the arts of which he very little understood. He died April 4, 1774. Goldsmith, like Smollet, Guthrie, and others, who subsisted by their pens, is supposed sometimes to have sold his name to works in which he had little or no concern.

GOLIUS, James, a learned orientalist, born at the Hague; travelled into several countries; he published several learned works, and died in 1667.

GOLIUS, Peter, brother of the preceding, an excellent orientalist, assisted in the edition of the great Arabic Bible, printed at Rome, in 1671; he died in 1673.

GOLTZIUS, Henry, a famous Dutch painter and engraver, born in 1558, died 1617.

a tragedy, &c. The Spaniards have a very high opinion of this poet, even so as to entitle him prince of the poets of their own nation.

GONNELLI, John, a Tuscan sculptor and painter, who lost his sight at the age of 20; but modelled in clay; and by his exquisite sensation of feeling, wrought his statues to great perfection, and drew portraits with striking resemblance. He died at Rome in 1673.

GONSALVA, or GONSALVO, Fernandez, duke of Terra Nuova, and called The Great Captain, a renowned Spanish general under Ferdinand and Isabella, was born at Cordova in 1443, and died in 1515.

GONTHIER, a Latin poet, author of a history of Constantinople, in 1203.

GONTHIER, Leonard and John, Frenchmen and brothers, eminent in the art of painting or staining glass: the time of their birth and death uncertain.

GOLTZIUS, Hubert, a German writer on Roman antiquities, born in 1526. He was the author of several excellent works, in all which he applies medals to the clearing up of ancient his-is tory. He died in 1583.

GOLYDDAN, a bard in the court of Cadwallader, in the beginning of the 8th century. GOMAR, Francis, a native of Bruges, known for his strong defence of Calvin's principles against Arminius; he died in 1641.

GOMBAULD, John Ogier de, a French poet

GONZAGA, Lucretia, an illustrious lady of the 16th century, as remarkable for wit, learning, and style, as for high birth. She wrote such beautiful letters, that the utmost care was taken to preserve them; and a collection of them was printed at Venice, in 1552. All that came from her pen was so much esteemed, that