ALLAINVAL, Leonor Jean Christine Soulas d', a native of Chartres, and author of several comedies of merit. He died 1753.

author of several strange and absurd religious doctrines. He died in 1783. His followers were few. He published a volume of hymns, and several sermons.

ALLAIS, Denys Vairasse d', a native of Languedoc, who served in the Duke of York's fleet ALLEN, Ethan, a brigadier general in the in 1665. He wrote several books, not mucli es-war of the revolution. He captured Ticondeteemed. roga and Crown Point, was taken prisoner near ALLAM, Andrew, a learned classical scholar, Montreal, sent to England, and after having exborn in Oxfordshire, died 1685. perienced much cruelty, was exchanged, 1778. ALLARD, Guy, author of several histori-He died in Vermont, 1789. He sustained the cal works, and a romance called Zizim, died 1715.

ALLATIUS, Leo, a native of Scio, who studied physic at Rome, but distinguished himself chiefly as a teacher in the Greek College, died 1669.

ALLECTUS, prefect of Britain, murdered Carausius 294, and made himself emperor. ALLEGRAIN, Christopher Gabriel, a French sculptor, who executed some masterly figures, died 1795.

ALLEGRI, Antonio, an illustrious painter, better known by the name of Corregio, from the place where he was born. He lived at Parma, where, without any instruction, he executed some of the most perfect pictures in the world. His Virgin and Child, and Mary Magdalen, are his finest pictures. He died poor in 1534.

ALLEGRI, Gregorio, an eminent musical composer, born at Rome. His compositions, the chief of which is the "Miserere,' are still performed in the pontifical chapel. He died 1640.

ALLEIN, Richard, born in Somersetshire, a puritan of great learning. His writings are mostly on theology. He died 1681.

ALLEIN, William, son of the above. His "Millenium," among his other theological tracts, was much admired. He died 1677.

ALLEIN, Joseph, a puritan of great learning and piety. His "Alarm" to sinners has been often published. He died at Taunton, Eng., 1668.

ALLEN, John, archbishop of Dublin, and chancellor of Ireland, was murdered in 1586. ALLEN, Thomas, minister of Charlestown, Mass., author of a work entitled "an Invitation to Sinners to come to Christ," and a "Scripture Chronology. This last is a learned work, and is preserved in the New-England Library. ALLEN, James, minister in Boston, came to this country 1662, and was the occasion of Lauch difficulty in the colony of Mass. He died 1710, aged 78.

character of an infidel, and in his writings ridiculed the Scriptures.

ALLEN, Samuel, proprietor oy purchase, and governor of New-Hampshire, died 1705. ALLEN, William, chief justice of Pennsylvania before the revolution.

ALLEN, Ira, a brother of Ethan, removed early in life to Vermont, where he held various offices, and possessed the confidence of the people. He wrote the "Natural and Political History of Vermont." He died 1814.

ALLEN, Sir Thomas, illustrious as an Eng lish admiral, made the first attack on the Dutch in 1665.

ALLEN, Thomas, a learned divine, who wrote observations on St. Chrysostom's book on Isaiah, died 1638.

ALLEN, Thomas, a native of Staffordshire, illustrious for his knowledge of mathematics and philosophy. He published among other works, the second and third books of Ptolemy on the judgment of the stars; he died 1632.

ALLEN, John, first minister of Dedham, Mass., author of some controversial writings. He died 1671, aged 75.

ALLESTRY, or ALLESTREE, Richard, born in Shropshire, in 1619, joined the royal party, and on the restoration of Charles, was made king's chaplain. He published 40 sermons, and other works.

ALLESTRY, Jacob, an English poet, nephew to the above. Some of his pastorals were much admired; he died 1686.

ALLETZ, Pons Augustin, native of France, who published some works of celebrity, died at Paris, 1785.

ALLEY, William, an English writer, author of "the poor man's library," and a translation of the Pentateuch, died 1570.

ALLEYN, Edward, an actor of great reputation in the reigns of Elizabeth and James I., and founder of Dulwich college in 1619, which he named "the college of God's gift." An idle tradition hath assigned the following as his motive for endowing it: that once, personating the devil, he was so terrified at seeing a real devil (as he imagined) upon the stage, that he soon after totally quitted his profession, and devoted the reALLEN, James, member of the house of mainder of his life to religious exercises. He representatives and counsellor in Mass., died founded this college for a master and warden, 1755, aged 58. He was expelled for reflections who are always to be of the name of Alleyn or gainst the governor, was re-elected, but refus-Allen, with 4 fellows (3 of whom are to be did a seat till the following year.

ALLEN, James, first minister, of Brookline, Mass., was born in Roxbury; settled 1718. He died aged 55. He was a pious and judicious divine; he published several sermons.

ALLEN, William, chief justice of Penn. before the revolution, the friend and patron of Sir Benjamin West, the painter. He published the American crisis, London, 1774, in which he suggests a plan for restoring the dependence of America.

ALLEN, Moses, minister of Midnay, Georgia, and a distinguished friend to his country. He was born in Northampton, Mass., was taken prisoner when Savannah was reduced, and put a board a prison-ship, whence, in attempting to escape, was drowned, aged 31.

ALLEN, Henry, preacher in Nova Scotia,

vines, and the fourth an organist ;) and for six poor men, as many poor women, and twelve poor boys, to be educated in the college. He was born in London 1566, and died in 1626, and was buried in the chapel of the college.

ALLIOSI, N., a civil officer of eminence in the service of Stanislaus, king of Poland, died 1779.

ALLISON, Francis, D. D., a distinguished minister and teacher, native of Ireland, came to this country in 1755, was settled in Philadelphia, and became vice-provost of the college in that city; he died 1777, inuch respected for his talents and learning.

II., who was deposed by his nobles, and taken ||ficulties he proposed. He had, indeed, great prisoner by Margaret queen of Norway,died 1412. ||knowledge in the mathematics, and by his skill ALBERT, margrave of Brandenburg, sur- in that science might propably have formed a named the Alcibiades of Germany, was deprived head with springs capable of articulating sounds. of his possessions by the diet of the empire; Albert died at Cologne, Nov. 15, 1820, having he died 1558. written such a number of books, that they make 21 vols. in folio.

ALBERT, Pierre Antonie, was rector of the French protestant episcopal church, in New- ALBINUS, Eleazer, author of a natural hisYork; much distinguished as a scholar and di-tory of birds, of which a French translation apvine; he died 1806, aged 41. peared in 1750.

ALBORNOS, Giles Alvarez Carillo, archbishop of Toledo, and afterwards Cardinal. He resigned his cardinal's hat, and took up arms to reduce Italy to the obedience of the church. This truly great man founded the colALBERTI ARISTOTILE, called also Ri-lege of Barcelona. He died 1367. dolfe Foiravente, a celebrated mechanic of Bologna, in the 16th century.

ALBERTUS, Magnus, a learned Dominican ALBUQUERQUE, Alphonso, a famous Porfriar, born in Swabia, 1205. He was a man of a tuguese warrior, and the founder of the power most curious and inquisitive turn of mind, of that nation in India, died at Goa, 1515. which gave rise to an accusation brought against ALBUQUERQUE, Blaise, son of the above, him, that he laboured to find out the philoso-born in 1500. He was raised to the first honours pher's stone, that he was a magician, and that of the state, and published an account of his he made a machine in the shape of a man, which father's victories, at Lisbon, in 1576. was an oracle to him, and explained all the dif-1 ALBUTIUS, Cains Silus, a Roman orator in

the age of Augustus, who starved himself to death.

ALBUTIUS, Titus, a Roman philosopher, banished for corruption.

ALCEUS, a famous lyric poet, born at Mitylene, in the island of Lesbos. Horace seems to think that he was the first author of lyric poetry. He flourished in the 44th Olympiad.

ALDERETTE, Bernard and Joseph, Jesuits of Malaga, at the beginning of the 17th century. They were authors of" Antiquities of Spain," and a book on the Castilian language.

ALDEROTI, Thaddeus, a Florentine physician of great skill. Princes and prelates only were admitted as his patients; he died 1295.

ALDHELM, or ADELM, (St.) an English diALCASAR, Louis d', a Jesuit of Seville, vine and historian, and bishop of Shireburn, in who wrote on the apocalypse; died in 1613. the time of the Saxon heptarchy. He is said ALCENDI, James, an Arabian physician, to have been the first Englishman who ever who made himself famous by his writings, as a wrote in Latin, and who introduced poetry into peripatetic philosopher, about 1145. England. William of Malmesbury tells us, that ALCHABITIUS, an Arabian astrologer, au-the people in Aldhelm's time were half barbathor of many works on astronomy and optics, rians, and little attentive to religious discourses; printed at Venice, 1491. wherefore the holy man, placing himself upon ALCHINDUS, an Arabian physician and as-a bridge, used often to stop them, and sing baltrologer of genius and learning before the 12th lads of his own composition: he thereby gained century. His works are often quoted. the favour and attention of the populace; and ALCIAT, Andrew, a native of Milan, cele-insensibly mixing grave and religious things with brated for his knowledge of the law, and ad-those of a jocular kind, he by this means sucvanced to the professor's chair at Avignon.ceeded better than he could have done by ausFrancis I. knew his merit and prevailed on him tere gravity. Aldhelm lived in great esteem till to remove to Bourges, where his law lectures his death, which happened May 25, 709. were much admired. The duke of Milan in- ALDHUN, a famous bishop, who built the vited him back to his native town, and bestowed cathedral at Durham; died 1018. many honours on him. Philip, king of Spain, ALDINI, Tobias, author of a botanical work gave him a gold chain as a mark of his favour.printed at Kome, 1525. He died 1550. ALCIBIADES, a celebrated Athenian gene-at Pisa; died at Rome, 1558. ral, slain 404 B. C.

ÁLCIDAMAS, a Greek rhetorician about 420

B. C.

ALCIMUS, called also Jachim, was made high-priest of Judea, and died about 165 B. C. ALCIMUS, Alethius, a historian and poet of Agin, in the 4th century. Most of his works are lost.

ALCINOUS, a Platonic philosopher, who flourished about the 2d century.

ALCIPHRON, a Greek philosopher in the age of Alexander the Great.

ALDOBRANDIN, Sylvester, professor of law

ALDRED, bishop of Worcester, crowned Harold king, and was raised to the see of York; he died 1068.

ALDRICH, St., bishop of Mans, distinguished for his learning, enjoyed sie favour of the nobles; he died 856.

ALDRICH, Robert, Master of Eton, and bishop of Carlisle. He wrote epigrams, &c.; and died at Hornecastle, 1555.

ALDRICH, Henry, an eminent scholar, divine, architect, and musician, born at Westminster, 1647. The three sides of the quadALCMÆON, a disciple of Pythagoras, who||rangle of Christ Church, Oxford, called Peck dwelt at Crotona.

ALCMAN, a lyric poet, who flourished in the 27th Olympiad, at Sardis, in Lydia. He is accounted the father of love verses, is said to have first introduced the custom of singing them in public, and to have died a very singular death; viz. to have been eaten up with lice.

water square, were designed by him; as was also the elegant chapel of Trinity College, and the church of All-saints in the High-street. His abilities also as a musician have caused him to be ranked among the greatest masters of the science: he composed many services for the church, which are well known, as are two ALCOCK, John, bishop of Ely, and lord chan-catches of his; the one," Hark the bonny Christ cellor of England, under Henry VII., founded Church bells," the other entitled "A Smoking Jesus College, in Cambridge, for a master, six catch;" for he himself was, it seems, a great fellows, and as many scholars, and died Octo-smoker. He died at Christ Church, 1710. ber 1, 1500. ALDRINGER, a native of Luxembourg, was ALCUINUS, or ALBINUS, Flaccus, abbot of raised by Ferdinand II. from a common soldier Canterbury, a famous English orator, philoso-to a general; he died 1634. pher, and divine, of the 8th century. ALDROVANDUS, Ulysses, professor of phyALCYONIUS, Peter, an Italian, author of sic at Bologna, and a most voluminous writer some learned publications. During the insur-on natural history, died blind, in a hospital, at rection at Rome, in 1527, he joined the pope, and Bologna, 1603. abandoned him again when the siege was raised. He had many accomplishments, but was fickle, self-conceited, and inconstant.

ALDANA, Bernard, a Spaniard, governor of Lippa, which place, in a fit of panic, he set on fire in 1552.

ALDRUDE, countess of Bertinoro, celebrated for her courage and her eloquence. She headed an army, and was victorious; she died about 1200, in Italy.

ALDUS. See MANUTIUS

ALEANDER, Jerome, archbishop under Pope Leo X., and celebrated for his attack on the doctrines of Luther, died at Rome, 1542.

ALEANDER, Jerome, great nephew to the above, distinguished as a poet, antiquarian, and lawyer, died at Rome, 1631.

ALDEBERT, an impostor in France, who, by bribes and pretended visions, raised himself to a bishopric. His opinions being condemned by the councils in 744 and 746, he died in prison. ALDEGRAFF, Albert, a painter and engraver, was born in Westphalia, in 1502. ALEGAMBE, Philip, a native of Brussels, ALDEN, John, magistrate of Plymouth colo-professor of divinity, and a favourite of princes. ay; one of the first settlers in New-England; He wrote several esteemed works, and died at

his uunostendeavours to excite a love for letters ÆRTZEN, vid. ARSENS. among his subjects. He himself was a scholar; ARIUS, a presbyter of Sebasua, who is supand had he not been illustrious as a king, would posed by some to be the founder of the presbyhave been famous as an author When weterians, flourished about 385.

consider the qualifications of this prince, and ESCHINES, a Socratic philosopher, the son the many virtues he possessed, we need no of Charinus, a sausage-maker. Phrynicus, in wonder that he died universally lamented, after Photius, ranks him among the best orators, and a reign of above 28 years, on the 28th of Octo-mentions his orations as the standard of the ber, A. D. 900. He was buried in the cathedral pure Attic style.

of Winchester.

ESCHINES, a celebrated orator, cotempoÆLIAN, Claudius, born at Præneste, in Italy.rary with Demosthenes, and but just his infeHe caught rhetoric at Rome, under the emperor rior. Being overcome by Demosthenes, he Alexander Severus, and was surnamed Honey-went to Rhodes, and opened a school there, and mouth on account of the sweetness of his style. afterwards removed to Samos, where he died His most celebrated works are, his "Various at the age of 75. There are only three of his History," and that "Of Animals." orations extant; which, however, are so very ÆLIANUS, Meccius, a physician before Ga-beautiful, that Fabricius compares them to tho len, first used treacle against the plague. three Graces. ELST, a Dutch painter, vid. AALST. ÆSCHYLUS, a tragic poet, born at Athens EMILIANI, Jerome, a Venetian, one of the in the 63d Olympiad. He was the son of Enregular clerks of St. Maicul, in the 16th century.phorion, and brother to Cynegirus and Amirias, EMILIANUS, C. Julius, a Moor, from the who distinguished themselves in the battle of lowest station, rose to the imperial dignity, and|| Marathon, and the seafight of Sa amin, at was succeeded by Valerian. which engagement schylus was likewise pre EMILIUS, Paulus, a Roman general, cele-sent. To Aminias our poet was, upon a parbrated for his victory over Perseus, king of Ma-ticular occasion, obliged for saving his life: cedonia, died B. C. 164. Alian relates, that Eschylus, being charged by ÆMILIUS, Paulus, a native of Verona, who the Athenians with certain blasphemous exwrote (or rather began to write) a Latin history of the kings of France; but though he spent many years at it, he was not able to finish the teath book, which was to include the beginning of the reign of Charles VIII. He died 1529, and was buried in the cathedral at Paris.

ENEAS, a Trojan prince, memorable for his grateful care of his aged father Anchises, whom he bore through the flames of Troy upon his shoulders at the hazard of his own life, and that of his son, a child, who was obliged to cling to his garments to escape with them. He died 1197 B. C. Virgil has immortalized his name. ENEAS, Gazeus, or ENEAS of Gaza, a sophist by profession, was originally a Platonic philosopher, but afterwards became a Christian, and flourished about the year 487. He wrote a dialogue, entitled "Theophrastus." concerning the immortality of the soul, and the resurrection of the body.

pre sions in some of his pieces, was accused of impiety, and condemned to be stoned to death; they were just going to put the sentence in execution, when Aminias, with a happy presence of mind, throwing aside his cloak, showed his arm without a hand, which he had lost at the battle of Salamin, in defence of his country. This sight made such an impression on the judges, that, touched with the remembrance of his valour, and the friendship he showed for his brother, they pardoned Æschylus. He wrote & great number of tragedies, of which there are but seven remaining; and, notwithstanding the sharp censures of some critics, he must be allowed to have been the father of the tragic art. The names of his pieces now extant are, Prometheus Bound; Seven Chiefs against Thebes; The Persians; Agamemnon; the Infernal Regions; the Furies; and the Suppliants. After having lived some years at Gela, we are told that he died of a fracture of his skull, caused by an eagle's letting fall a tortoise on his head, in the 69th year of his age

ENEAS, Sylvius, or Pius II., born 1405, at Corsigny, in Sienna, where his father lived in exile. This pope was famous for his wise and witty sayings, some of which are as follow: ÆSOP, the Phrygian, lived in the time of SoThat common men should esteem learning as lon, about the 50th Olympiad, under the reign silver, noblemen prize it as gold, and princes as of Cræsus, the last king of Lydia. St. Jerome, jewels: A citizen should look upon his family speaking of him, says, he was unfortunate in as subject to the city, the city to his country, the his birth, condition, and death; hinting thereby country to the world, and the world to God at his deformity, servile state, and tragical end. That the chief place with kings was slippery His great genius, however, enabled him to supThat the tongue of a sycophant was a king's port his misfortunes; and, in order to alleviate greatest plague: That a prince who would trust the hardships of servitude, he composed those nobody was good for nothing; and he who be entertaining and instructive fables which have lieved every body, no better: That those who acquired him so much reputation, and he is went to law were the birds, the court the field, generally supposed to have been the inventor of the judge the net, and the lawyers the fowlers that kind of writing. Having had several masThat men ought to be presented to dignities, notters, for he was born a slave, Æsop at length dignities to men: That a covetous man never came under a philosopher named Xanthus; and pleases any body but by his death: That it was it was in his service that he first displayed a slavish vice to tell lies. That lust sullies and stains every age of man, but quite extinguishes

his genius for fabling and moralizing. He was afterwards sold to Idmon, or Iadmon, the philosopher, who enfranchised him. After he had received his liberty, he soon acquired a great reputation among the Greeks; so that, according to Meziriack, the report of his wisdom having reached Croesus, this king sent to inquire after him, and engaged him in his service. He traIlvelled through Greece, according to the same

author; but whether for his own pleasure, or born at Toston, in Derbyshire, 1540, and died 22d upon the affairs of Croesus, is uncertain. Pass-August, 1615.

AGATHEMİR, Orthonis, wrote a Greek con. pendium of Geography, edited 1703.

AGATHIAS, a Greek historian, who lived in the 6th century, and wrote a history of Justinian's reign, in five books.

AGATHOCLES, a Sicilian, rose from the obscurity of a potter to the sovereign power of all

ing by Athens soon after Pisistratus had usurped AGATHARCIDAS, a Cnidian, 180 B. C., authe sovereign power, and finding that the Athe-thor of a Greek History of Alexander's wars. nians bore the yoke very impatiently, he told AGATHARCUS, a Samian, engaged by Æsthen the fable of the frogs who petitioned Jupi-chylus as a stage painter. ter for a king. Some relate, that, in order to show that the life of man is full of miseries, Esop used to say, that when Prometheus took the clay to form man, he tempered it with tears, Esop was put to death at Delphos. Plutarch tells us, that he came there with a great quantity of gold and silver, being ordered by Croesus to offer a sacrifice to Apollo, and to give a con-Sicily, died 289 B. C. siderable sum to each inhabitant; but a quarrel arising between him and the Delphians, he sent back the sacrifice and the money to Croesus; for he thought that those for whom the prince designed it had rendered themselves unworthy of it, The inhabitants of Delphos contrived an accusation of sacrilege against him, and, pretending that they had convicted him, threw him headlong from a rock. They afterwards en-fused to crown Harold king, died 1038. deavoured to make an atonement by raising a pyramid to his honour.

AGATHON, a tragic poet, crowned at the Olympic games 419 B. C.

AGATHON, a native of Palermo, elected to the papal chair 679, died 682.

AGELIAS, Anthony, bishop of Acerno, in Italy, published commentaries on the Psalms, &c., died 1608.

AGELNOTH, archbishop of Canterbury, re

AGESILAUS, king of Sparta, celebrated for his victories against the Persians, died 362 B. C. AGGAS, Robert, called Augus, a landscape painter, died in London, 1679.

AGILA, king of the Visigoths in Spain, murdered in the 5th year of his reign, 554.

AGILULF, duke of Turin, appointed king on the death of Antharic, king of Lombardy, died 616; he was succeeded by his son Adalnaid.

ESOP, Clodius, a celebrated actor, who flourished about the 670th year of Rome. He and Roscius were cotemporaries, and the best performers that ever appeared upon the Roman stage; the former excelling in tragedy, the latter in comedy. Cicero put himself under their direction to perfect his action. Æsop lived in a most expensive manner; and at one entertain- AGIS, the name of some Spartan kings. The ment is said to have had a dish which cost above most famous is the second of that name, en8001. This dish, we are told, was filled with gaged in the Peloponnesian war, and died 427 singing and speaking birds; some of which cost B. C.; and the fourth, in conseqence of his atnear 501. Esop's son was no less luxurious tempts to restore Lacedæmon to her ancient disthan his father, for he dissolved pearls for hiscipline and independence, put to death 241 B. C. guests to swallow.-Notwithstanding his expenses, however, this actor is said to have died worth above 160,000l.

ÆTHRIUS, an architect in the 6th century, raised to the confidence of Anastasius I. ETION, a Grecian painter of celebrity. ÆTIUS, an able general under Valentinian III., killed 454.

ÆTIUS, a Syrian servant, made bishop by Eudoxus, the patriarch of Constantinople, and founder of the sect of Ætians, flourished 336.

AGLIONBY, John, D. D., a native of Cum|berland, known for his great learning, was chaplain to James I., and died 1610. His son, of the same name, was dean of Canterbury, died 1643.

AGNELLUS, an abbot of Ravenna in the 9th century, often confounded with a bishop of the same name in the 6th century.

AGNESI, Maria Gaetana, a learned Italian lady, born at Milan, made, on account of her great merit, mathematical professor in the university of Bologna, died 1770.

AGOBARD, archbishop of Lyons, supported the revolt of Lothaire against Lewis the de

ÆTIUS, an ancient physician, and the first Christian medical writer, born at Amida, a town of Mesopotamia, about 455. His "Tetra-bonnaire; he died 840. biblos," as it is called, is a collection from the AGOSTINO, Paolo, a musical composer, writings of those physicians who went before master of the Papal chapel at Rome, died 1629. him, chiefly from Galen; but contains, never- AGOULT, Guillaume d', a poet of Provence theless, some new things, for which we are en-in 1198. tirely indebted to this author.

AFER, Domitius, an orator, born at Nismes, afterwards raised to the consulship; died 59. AFFLITTO, Matthew, an able civilian, born at Naples, died 1553.

AFRANIUS, a Roman comic poet, flourished 100 B. C.

AGREDA, Maryd', superior of a convent at Agreda, in Spain, wrote a life of the Virgin Mary; he died 1665.

AGRESTI, Licio, a historical painter, em-. ployed by Gregory XIII. in adorning the Vatican, died 1580.

AGRESTIS, Julius, a Roman general under AFRICANUS, Julius, wrote a chronicle, be-Vespasian, destroyed himself. sides a letter to Origen, &c.

AGAPETIUS I. was made pope 535, and died at Constantinople 536. The second of that name was elected pope 946, and died 965.

AGRICOLA, a celebrated Roman general, born 37, died 93.

AGRICOLA, Rodolphus, a native of Groningen, travelled into France and Italy; he first introduced the study of the Greek in Germany,

AGAPETUS, a deacon of Constantinople, who wrote a valuable letter to the emperor Jus-and died 1485. tinian, on the duties of a Christian prince.

AGAPIUS, a Greek monk of Mount Athos, in the 17th century, wrote a treatise in favour of transubstantiation, called the salvation of sinners.

AGARD, Arthur, a learned English antiquary,

AGRICOLA, George, a physician of Glaucen, in Misnia, known for his learning, and works on minerals, died 1555.

es.ameri

AGRICOLA, Michael, a minister of Abo, in Finland, first translated the New into the language of the country. 13