AGRICOLA, a learned bishop of Chalonssur-by his merit to the highest honours in the serSaone, died 530. vice of Charles VI. of France.

AGRICOLA, John, a German divine, born at Isleb, was the friend and disciple of Luther, and afterwards opposed him; he died 1566. AGRIPPA, Menenius, a Roman patrician, known for appeasing a sedition by the fable of the belly and the limbs, died 492 B. C.

AILRED, or ETHELRED, author of a genealogy of English kings, &c., flourished about the middle of the 12th century.

AIMOIN, a benedictine of Aquitaine, author of an unmeritorious history of France, died about the beginning of the 11th century. AINSWORTH, Henry, known for his learn

AGRIPPA, Marcus Vipsanius, a Roman general, celebrated for his exploits and his intimacying and the commentaries which he wrote on with Augustus, died 12 B. C. the Scriptures, was poisoned in the beginning of the 17th century.

AGRIPPA, Herod, grandson of Herod the Great, king of all Judea, mentioned in Scripture, died 44.

AINSWORTH, Robert, born at Woodyale, four miles from Manchester, 1660, was the comAGRIPPA II., son of the above, and his suc-piler of a compendious English and Latin Diccessor, was the monarch before whom Paul was tionary, upon the plan of Faber's Thesaurus, arraigned, died 94. which he finished and published in 1736, in 4to., and died 1743.

AGRIPPA, Henry Cornelius, a man of considerable learning, and a great magician, according to report, in the 16th century, was born at Cologne, 1486, of a noble family. He was a inan of an extensive genius, well skilled in many parts of knowledge and a variety of languages AGRIPPINA, the virtuous wife of Germanicus Cæsar, banished by Tiberius, died 33.

AGRIPPINA, daughter of the preceding, married the emperor Claudius, and poisoned him to raise her son Nero to the throne, who afterwards caused her to be killed.

AIRAULT, Peter, an advocate of Paris, a man of firmness and integrity, died 1601.

AIRAY, Henry, a native of Westmoreland, a strict Calvinist, author of some theological pieces, died 1510.

AIRAY, Christopher, vicar of Milford, author of a logical treatise, &c., died 1670.

AISTULFE, a king of the Lombards, laid siege to Rome, but was defeated; he died 756. AITON, William, author of "Hortus Kewensis," being a Catalogue of the Plants in the Royal Gardens at Kew, was born near Hamilton, in Lanarkshire, 1731, and died at Kew, Feb. 1,

AGUESSEAU, Henry Francis d', born at Limoges, was first advocate-general of Paris, then procurer-general, and afterwards chancel-1793. lor; died 1751.

AGUI, king of Bantane in Java, at the end of the 17th century, extended his power by means of the Dutch.

AGUILLON, Francis, a mathematician of Brussels, published a treatise on optics, and died 1617.

AGUIRRE, Joseph, a benedictine of Spain, was made cardinal by Innocent XI., wrote on theological subjects, and died 1699.

ARGYLAUS, Henry, a native of Boisle-Duc,| made an inelegant translation of Monocanon, and died 1595.

AHAB, son and successor of Omre, king of Israel, remarkable for his impieties, died 898. AHAZ, son and successor of Jotham, king of Judah, became tributary to Tiglath-Pileser, king of Assyria.

AHAZIAH succeeds his father, Ahab, king of Israel. Another Ahaziah, son of Jehoram, was king of Judah, and killed by Jehu, 889.

AHLWARDT, Peter, a German, the son of a shoemaker, became an eminent professor of logic and metaphysics; he died 1791.

AHMED KHAN, the first emperor of the Moguls who embraced mahomedanism, died 1284.

AJALA, Martin Perez d', a Carthaginian, of obscure birth, but distinguished by his abilities, served Charles V. at the council of Trent.

AIDAN, a mild and benevolent prelate in Northumberland, who converted many of the northern heathens of Britain to Christianity, died 651.

AIKMAN, William, an eminent Scottish painter, born at Cairney, 1682, died 1731. The celebrated poets, Thompson Mallet, and Allan Ramsay, were his intimate friends, and wrote verses to his memory

AITZEMA, Leovan, representative of the Hansiâtic towns at the Hague, author of a history of the United Provinces, &c., died 1669.

AKAKIA, Martin, professor of medicine at Paris, published translations of Galen's works; he died 1551. His son of the same name was physician to Henry III.

AKBAR, sultan of the Moguls, increased his dominions by the conquest of Bengal, &c.; he

died 1605.

AKENSIDE, Mark, a physician, but far better known as a poet, was born at Newcastle-uponTyne, 1721, and died in the office of physician to the queen, June 23, 1770. "The Pleasures of Imagination," his principal work, was first published in 1774; and a very extraordinary production it was, from a man who had not reached his 23d year. He had very uncommon parts and learning; a strong and enlarged way of thinking; and was one of innumerable instances to prove, that very sublime qualities may spring from very low situations in life; for he had this in common with the most high and mighty cardinal Wolsey, that he was indeed the son of a butcher.

AKIBA, a learned rabbi, who, at the age of forty, quitted the life of a shepherd and devoted himself to literature, died 135.

ALABASTER, William, an English divine, born at Hadley, in Suffolk, and educated ai Trinity College, Cambridge. Wood says, he was the rarest poet and Grecian that any one age or nation produced. His principal work was, "Lexicon Pentaglotton, Hebraicum, Chaldaicum, Syriacum," &c. fol. 1637. As a poet, he has been highly applauded. He wrote the Latin tragedy of "Roxana," 12mo. 1632, which was acted in Trinity College Hall, Cambridge Dr. Alabaster died, prebendary of St. Paul's, and rector of Tharfield, Hertfordshire, April

AILHAUD, John, a French surgeon, acquired celebrity and fortune by selling a powder which 1640. he declared would cure all diseases; he died 1756.

ALAGON, Claude, a native of Provence, at tempted to introduce Spaniards into Marseilles, AILLY, Peter d', of an obscure family, rosell for which he was put to death. 1705.

sur-prelate, and for his encouragement of men of letters; he died 1803.

ALAIN, Nicholas, son of a cobbler at the be-lished 1537. ginning of the 18th century, writer of some comedies.

ALALEONA, Joseph, a native of Macerata, professor of civil law in the university of Padua, died April, 1749, aged 79.

ALAMANNI, Lewis, born at Florence, 1495, ALBEMARLE, Keppel, lord, a native of Gueldied at Amboise, in France, 1556, leaving many ders, one of the favourites of William III., beautiful poems and other valuable performan-commander of the Dutch forces in the last of ces in the Italian language. queen Anne's wars, defeated 1712, died 6 years after.

ALBERT, archduke of Austria, son of the emperor Maximilian; cardinal and archbishop of Toledo, made governor of Portugal, 1583. ALBAN, St., said to have been the first per- ALBERT I., son of Otho, prince of Anhalt, son who suffered martyrdom for Christianity in made elector of Brandenbury, 1550; he converted Britain, and therefore usually styled the proto-vast forests into cultivated lands.

martyr of this island, was born at Verulam, and ALBERT V., duke of Bavaria, surnamed the flourished toward the end of the 3d century.magnanimous, a pattern of every amiable virThe town of St. Alban's, in Hertfordshire, takes its name from our protomartyr.

ALBANI, Alexander, a Roman cardinal, was a man of great merit; he died Dec. 2, 1779, aged 79. ALBERT, Honore d', duke of Chaulnes, inALBANI, John Francis, nephew of the above,debted for his greatness to his elder brother and obtained the rank of cardinal, and other prefer the partiality of Richelieu, died 1649.

thents; he was distinguished as an enlightened ALBERT, king of Sweden succeeded Magna

II., who was deposed by his nobles, and taken ||ficulties he proposed. He had, indeed, great prisoner by Margaret queen of Norway,died 1412. knowledge in the mathematics, and by his skill ALBERT, margrave of Brandenburg, sur in that science might propably have formed a named the Alcibiades of Germany, was deprived head with springs capable of articulating sounds. of his possessions by the diet of the empire; Albert died at Cologne, Nov. 15, 1820, having he died 1558. written such a number of books, that they make 21 vols. in folio.

ALBERT, margrave of Brandenburg, first duke of Prussia, which he held as a fief of Poland, died 1568.

ALBERT, Erasmus, a native of Frankfort, assisted Luther in the reformation.

ALBERT KRANTZ, author of the history of Saxony and the Vandals, &c., died 1517. ALBERT of Stade, author of a chronicle from the creation to 1286, a benedictine of the 13th century.

ALBERT of Strasburg, author of a chronicle from 1270, to 1378, about the middle of the 14th century.

ALBERT, archbishop of Mentz, revolted against the emperor Henry V.

ALBERT, called the great, born in Swabia, appointed archbishop of Ratisbon, and became very learned; he died 1280.

ALBERT, Jane d', daughter of Margaret of Navarre, married at the age of 11 to the duke of Cleves, and died 1572.

ALBI, Henry, author of an uninteresting history of illustrious cardinals, &c., died 1659.

ALBICUS, archbishop of Prague; he wrote three treatises on medicine, which were printed at Leipsic, 1484.

ALBINOVANUS, a Latin poet of the age of Ovid; only two of his elegies are extant.

ALBINUS, Dec. Clodius, a Roman who assumed the imperial purple in opposition to Severus. He was slain in battle, 197.

ALBINUS, A. Posthum., a Roman, author of a history of his own country, in Greek, flourished about 150 B. C.

ALBINUS, Bernard, a celebrated physician, born at Dessau, in Anhalt, was professor at Frankfort, and subsequently at Leyden; he died 1721, in his 69th year.

ALBINUS, Bernard Sigfred, one of the greatest anatomists that ever existed, was born at Leyden, in 1683, and died 1771. His anatomical plates form 3 vols. folio.

ALBERT, Pierre Antonie, was rector of the French protestant episcopal church, in New- ALBINUS, Eleazer, author of a natural hisYork; much distinguished as a scholar and di-tory of birds, of which a French translation apvine; he died 1806, aged 41. peared in 1750.

ALBERTET, a mathematician and poet, of the 13th century.

ALBERTI, Cherubino, a historical painter and engraver, of Italy, born 1552, died 1615.

ALBERTI, Giovanni, brother of the above, excelled in the perspective and historical painting. He was born near Florence, 1558, and died 1601. ALBERTI, Dominico, a native of Venice, celebrated as a musical performer, particularly on the harpsichord, about 1737.

ALBERTI, Andrew, author of an admired. treatise on perspective, published at Nuremberg, 1670.

ALBERTI, John, a German lawyer, surnamed Widman Stadius, abridged the alcoran,

&c.

ALBERTI,Leander, a Dominican of Bologna, wrote some interesting works, died 1552.

ALBESTI, Leon Baptiste, a Florentine, author of a valuable work on architecture, died 1485.

ALBINUS, Peter, a historian and poet of the 16th century, and professor at Wittenberg. ALBIS, Thomas, or White, a catholic priest, and eminent_philosopher of Essex, died 1676.

ALBIZI, Bartholomew, a native of Rivano, in Tuscany, distinguished by his preaching and the productions of his pen, died at Pisa, 1401.

ALBOIN, or ALBOVINUS, king of Lombardy, caused himself to be proclaimed king in 570; he was assassinated by order of his wife. ALBON, James d', a famous French general, known as marshal St. Andre; he was shot at the battle of Dreux, 1562.

ALBON, Camille, a descendant of the pre||ceding, was born at Lyons, and died at Paris, 1778; he wrote various works.

ALBORNOS, Giles Alvarez Carillo, archbishop of Toledo, and afterwards Cardinal. He resigned his cardinal's hat, and took up arms to reduce Italy to the obedience of the church. This truly great man founded the colALBERTI ARISTOTILE, called also Ri-lege of Barcelona. He died 1367. dolfe Foiravente, a celebrated mechanic of Bologna, in the 16th century.

ALBERTINI, Francis, a Calabrian Jesuit, author of some theological works, died 1619. ALBERTINO, Edmund, wrote a treatise on the eucharist, and died 1652.

ALBERTINO, Francis, a Florentine, author of a book on the wonders of ancient and modern Rome, &c., at the beginning of the 16th century. ALBERTINUS, Nussatus, an Italian, author of a history of the emperor Henry VII., &c. ALBERTUS, archbishop of Mentz, formed a conspiracy against the emperor Henry V.; the populace restored him to liberty after he was imprisoned.

ALBORNOS, Diego Philip, an ecclesiastic of Carthagena, patronised by the court in consequence of his writings.

ALBRET, a noble family in France, which has given to the kingdom, generals and states

men.

ALBRICUS, a learned philosopher and physician, born in London, studied at Oxford, and died 1217.

ALBUCASA, or ALBUCASSIS, an Arabian physician of the 11th century. He wrote some valuable tracts.

ALBUMAZAR, an Arabian physician of the 9th century, known as an astrologer. His works were published at Venice in 1526.

ALBERTUS, Magnus, a learned Dominican ALBUQUERQUE, Alphonso, a famous Porfriar, born in Swabia, 1205. He was a man of altuguese warrior, and the founder of the power most curious and inquisitive turn of mind, of that nation in India, died at Goa, 1515. which gave rise to an accusation brought against ALBUQUERQUE, Blaise, son of the above, him, that he laboured to find out the philoso-born in 1500. He was raised to the first honours pher's stone, that he was a magician, and that of the state, and published an account of his he made a machine in the shape of a man, which father's victories, at Lisbon, in 1576. was an oracle to him, and explained all the dif

ALBUTIUS, Caits Silus, a Roman orator in

the age of Augustus, who starved himself to death.

ALBUTIUS, Titus, a Roman philosopher, banished for corruption.

ALDERETTE, Bernard and Joseph, Jesuits of Malaga, at the beginning of the 17th century. They were authors of " Antiquities of Spain," and a book on the Castilian language.

ALCEUS, a famous lyric poet, born at Mity- ALDEROTI, Thaddeus, a Florentine phylene, in the island of Lesbos. Horace seems to sician of great skill. Princes and prelates only think that he was the first author of lyric poetry.were admitted as his patients; he died 1295. He flourished in the 44th Olympiad. ALDHELM, or ADELM, (St.) an English diALCASAR, Louis d', a Jesuit of Seville, vine and historian, and bishop of Shireburn, in who wrote on the apocalypse; died in 1613. the time of the Saxon heptarchy. He is said ALCENDI, James, an Arabian physician, who made himself famous by his writings, as a peripatetic philosopher, about 1145.

ALCHABITIUS, an Arabian astrologer, author of many works on astronomy and optics, printed at Venice, 1491.

to have been the first Englishman who ever wrote in Latin, and who introduced poetry into England. William of Malmesbury tells us, that the people in Aldhelm's time were half barbarians, and little attentive to religious discourses; wherefore the holy man, placing himself upon ALCHINDUS, an Arabian physician and as-a bridge, used often to stop them, and sing baltrologer of genius and learning before the 12th lads of his own composition: he thereby gained century. His works are often quoted. the favour and attention of the populace; and ALCIAT, Andrew, a native of Milan, cele-insensibly mixing grave and religious things with brated for his knowledge of the law, and ad-those of a jocular kind, he by this means sucvanced to the professor's chair at Avignon.ceeded better than he could have done by ausFrancis I. knew his merit and prevailed on him tere gravity. Aldhelm lived in great esteem till to remove to Bourges, where his law lectures his death, which happened May 25, 709. were much admired. The duke of Milan in- ALDHUN, a famous bishop, who built the vited him back to his native town, and bestowed cathedral at Durham; died 1018.

many honours on him. Philip, king of Spain, ALDINI, Tobias, author of a botanical work gave him a gold chain as a mark of his favour.printed at Kome, 1525. He died 1550. ALCIBIADES, a celebrated Athenian gene-at Pisa; died at Rome, 1558. ral, slain 404 B. C.

ALCIDAMAS, a Greek rhetorician about 420

ALCINOUS, a Platonic philosopher, who flourished about the 2d century.

ALCIPHRON, a Greek philosopher in the age of Alexander the Great.

ALDOBRANDIN, Sylvester, professor of law

ALDRED, bishop of Worcester, crowned Harold king, and was raised to the see of York; he died 1068.

ALDRICH, St., bishop of Mans, distinguished for his learning, enjoyed she favour of the nobles; he died 856.

ALDRICH, Robert, Master of Eton, and bishop of Carlisle. He wrote epigrams, &c.; and died at Hornecastle, 1555.

ALDRICH, Henry, an eminent scholar, divine, architect, and musician, born at Westminster, 1647. The three sides of the quadALCMÆON, a disciple of Pythagoras, who||rangle of Christ Church, Oxford, called Peck dwelt at Crotona.

ALCMAN, a lyric poet, who flourished in the 27th Olympiad, at Sardis, in Lydia. He is accounted the father of love verses, is said to have first introduced the custom of singing them in public, and to have died a very singular death; viz. to have been eaten up with lice.

water square, were designed by him; as was also the elegant chapel of Trinity College, and the church of All-saints in the High-street. His abilities also as a musician have caused him to be ranked among the greatest masters of the science: he composed many services for the church, which are well known, as are two ALCOCK, John, bishop of Ely, and lord chan-catches of his; the one," Hark the bonny Christ cellor of England, under Henry VII., founded Church bells," the other entitled "A Smoking Jesus College, in Cambridge, for a master, six catch;" for he himself was, it seems, a great fellows, and as many scholars, and died Octo-smoker. He died at Christ Church, 1710. ber 1, 1500. ALDRINGER, a native of Luxembourg, was ALCUINUS, or ALBINUS, Flaccus, abbot of raised by Ferdinand II. from a common soldier Canterbury, a famous English orator, philoso-to a general; he died 1634. pher, and divine, of the 8th century. ALDROVANDUS, Ulysses, professor of phyALCYONIUS, Peter, an Italian, author of sic at Bologna, and a most voluminous writer some learned publications. During the insur-on natural history, died blind, in a hospital, at rection at Rome, in 1527, he joined the pope, and Bologna, 1603. abandoned him again when the siege was raised. He had many accomplishments, but was fickle, self-conceited, and inconstant.

ALDANA, Bernard, a Spaniard, governor of Lippa, which place, in a fit of panic, he set on fire in 1552.

ALDRUDE, countess of Bertinoro, celebrated for her courage and her eloquence. She headed an army, and was victorious; she died about 1200, in Italy.

ALDUS. See MANUTIUS

ALEANDER, Jerome, archbishop under Pope ALDEBERT, an impostor in France, who, Leo X., and celebrated for his attack on the by bribes and pretended visions, raised himself doctrines of Luther, died at Rome, 1542. to a bishopric. His opinions being condemned ALEANDER, Jerome, great nephew to the by the councils in 744 and 746, he died in prison.above, distinguished as a poet, antiquarian, and ALDEGRAFF, Albert, a painter and en-lawyer, died at Rome, 1631.

graver, was born in Westphalia, in 1502.

ALEGAMBE, Philip, a native of Brussels, ALDEN, John, magistrate of Plymouth colo-professor of divinity, and a favourite of princes. ny; one of the first settlers in New-England; He wrote several esteemed works, and died al

ALEMAN. Lewis Augustine, a lawyer of Grenoble, author of several works, was born in

1653.

ALEMAN, Lewis, archbishop of Ailes, and cardinal, was born 1390. He died in 1450, and was canonized.

ALEMAN, Maeto, a Spaniard. He wrote the History of Guzman, a romance, which went through 30 editions in Spain.

ALDGRE, Yves d', an able officer in the ser-||roy in Macedonia, he passed the Hellespont, in vice of France, killed at Rasenna, 1512. the third year of his reign, with an army of no ALEGRINUS, John, cardinal and patriarch more than 30,000 foot, and 4,500 horse; and of Constantinople, died 1240. with these forces, brave and veteran it is true, he overturned the Persian empire. His first battle was at the Granicus, a river of Phrygia, in which the Persians were routed. His second was at Issus, a city of Cilicia, where he was also victorious in an eminent degree; for the camp of Darius, with his mother, wife, and children, fell into his hands; and the humane and generous treatment which he showed them is justly reckoned the noblest and most amiable passage of his life. While he was in this country, he caught a violent fever by bathing, when hot, in the cold waters of the river Cydnus; and this fever was made more violent from his inpatience at being detained by it. The army was under the utmost consternation, and no physi cian durst undertake the cure. At length, one Philip of Acarnania desired time to prepare a poALEN, John Van, a Dutch painter of land-tion which he was sure would cure him; and scapes, birds, and still life, born at Amsterdam while this potion was preparing, Alexander re1651, and died 1698. ceived a letter from his most intimate confidant,

ALEMBERT, John Le Rond d', secretary to the French academy, &c., and one of the ablest mathematicians of the age, died October 27, 1783. He was one of the principal editors of the "Encyclopedia ;" and besides his numerous mathematical works, produced seven volumes of "Melanges Literaires," containing various tracts on different topics.

ALENIO, Julius, a Jesuit, who went as a Parmenio, informing him that this Acarnaniau missionary to China, where he preached 36 was a traitor, and employed by Darius to poison years, and built several churches; he died 1698. him, at the price of one thousand talents and his ALEOTTI, John Baptist, an Italian, who, sister in marriage. What a situation for a sick from the occupation of carrying bricks and mor-prince! The same greatness of soul, however, tar, became a celebrated mathematician; he died 1630.

ALES,or HALES, Alexander d', a native of England who became a celebrated teacher of divinity and philosophy at Paris, died 1245.

which accompanied him upon all'occasions, did not forsake him here. He did not seem to his physician under any apprehensions; but after receiving the cup into his hands, delivered the letter to Philip, and, with his eyes fixed upon ALES, Alexander, of Edinburgh, first op-him drank it off. The medicine at first acted so posed, and then embraced the tenets of Luther. powerfully as to deprive him of his senses, and He suffered much persecution, and having re-then, without doubt, all concluded him poisoned: tired to Germany, was appointed professor at Frankfort. He died 1565.

ALESIO, Matthew Perez d', a native of Rome, and a skilful painter and engraver. His greatest piece is the Colossial St. Christopher at Seville. He died 1600.

ALESSI, Galeas, an architect who decorated many towns in Spain, France and Germany, died 1572.

ALETINO, Benedetto, professor at Naples. He undertook to refute the Cartesian philosophy, and to establish that of Aristotle. He died in 1719.

however, he soon came round, and, by a cure so speedy that it might almost be deemed miraculous, was restored to his army safe and sound. From Cilicia he marched forwards to Phoenicia, which all surrendered to him except Tyre; and it cost him a siege of seven months to reduce that city. The vexation of Alexander, at being unseasonably detained by this obstinacy of the Tyrians, occasioned a mighty destruction and carnage; and the cruelty he exercised here is quite inexcusable. After besieging and taking Gaza, he went to Jerusalem, where he was received by the high-priest, and, making many ALEXANDER THE GREAT, son of Philip, presents to the Jews, sacrificed in their temple. King of Macedon, was born at Pella, the first He told Jaddus (for that was the priest's name,) year of the 106th Olympiad, and the 365th before that he had seen in Macedonia a god, in appearthe birth of Christ, and at 15 years of age was ance exactly resembling him, who had exhorted delivered to the tuition of Aristotle. He dis-him to this expedition against the Persians, and covered very early a mighty spirit, and symp-given him the firmest assurance of success. Aftoms of that vast and immoderate ambition terwards entering Egypt, he went to the oracle which was afterwards to make him the scourge of Jupiter Ammon; and upon his return, built of mankind and the pest of the world. At 20 the city of Alexandria. It was now that he took years of age he succeeded his father as king of it into his head to assume divinity, and to preMacedon: he was also chosen, in the room oftend himself the son of the said Jupiter Ammon. his father, generalissimo in the projected expe- Policy, however, was at the bottom of this: it dition against the Persians; but the Greeks, was impossible that any such belief should be agreeably to their usual fickleness, deserted from really rooted in his breast; but he found by exhim, taking advantage of his absence in Thrace perience, that this opinion inclined the barbaand Illyricum, where he began his military en-rous nations to submit to him; and therefore he terprises. He hastened immediately to Greece, was content to pass for a god, and to admit, as when the Athenians and other states returned he did, of divine adoration. His object now was to him at once; but, the Thebans standing out, to overtake and attack Darius in another battle.; he directed his arms against them, slew a pro-and this battle was fought at Arbela; when vicdigious number of them, and destroyed their tory, granting every thing to Alexander, put an city, sparing nothing but the house and the de- end to the Persian empire. Darius had offered scendas of Pindar, out of respect to the memo-his daughter in marriage, and part of his dom ry of that poet. This happened in the second nions to Alexander; and Parmenio advised him Year of the 3d Oympiad. Having settled the to accept the terms, saying, "I would if I were airs of Greece, and left Antipater as his vice-Alexander." "And so would I, (replied the